Unit2TheUniversalLanguageGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版(2020)选择性

GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsassubjectsandobjectsUnit2Theuniversallanguage1.动名词作主语一般表示泛指的、习惯性的行为，谓语动词用______形式。

__________(Read)aloud___(be)agoodwaytolearnEnglish.2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置，用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词（短语）：It'snouse

cryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收Itwasawasteoftime

reading

thatbook.

做出努力是值得的（worth）。一、动词-ing作主语单数ReadingisIt'sworth

makingtheeffort.归纳:常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有:Itis/was

awasteoftime

doing..做.....是浪费时间的。

nogood/use/fundoing..做.....是没好处/用/意思的。

hardlyworthdoing...做.....是不值得的。

worth/worthwhiledoing...

做......是值得的。

nopointdoingsth.做某事毫无意义。Practice1.继续等他没有用了。2.为那个计划争论简直就是浪费时间。It’snousewaitingforhimanylonger.It’sreallyawasteoftimearguingaboutthatplan.动词-ing形式作主语VS不定式(短语)作主语-区别动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的泛指的行为,表示人的爱好、习惯、职业、经验等。不定式(短语)作主语往往表示具体的、一次性的、将来的动作，。Smokingisforbiddenhere.此处禁止吸烟。（抽象泛指）Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokehere.(具体的）Tovisit

Australiaismynextgoal.游览澳大利亚是我的下一个目标。（未来动作）Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.教孩子们音乐是她的工作。（工作职业）1.

动名词可以充当______的宾语以及______后的宾语。如：Weareconsidering________(pay)avisittotheScienceMuseum.I’mfondof________

(collect)stampsandcoins.2.

后面只能接动名词作宾语的动词和词组有：二、动词-ing作宾语承认(admit)允许（allow/permit）介意(mind)考虑(consider)禁止(forbid/prohibit)防止(prevent)建议(advise/suggest)原谅(forgive)推迟(delay/postpone/putoff)感觉像/想要(feellike)否认（deny）

忍受(stand)持续(keep)动词介词payingcollecting3.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，但如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成allow/advise/forbid/permit+e.g.Theyadvise_________(solve)theprobleminthisway.他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。Wedon’tallowanybody___________(smoke)

here.我们不允许任何人在这儿吸烟。sb.todo.doingsolvingtosmoke4.

常见的跟动名词形式作宾语的动词短语有：二、动词-ing作宾语insiston坚持

objectto反对·leadto导致

putoff

推迟

bedevotedto

致力于

get/beusedto习惯...

payattentionto

集中精力做

beworth

值得..Myparentsobjectsto_______that.我父母反对那样做。YuanLongpingdevotesallhistimeandenergyto_________rice.袁隆平把他所有的时间都奉献给了水稻研究。doingstudying5.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词：begin,start,continue,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,mean,forget,remember,regret

等。(1)在begin,start,continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无区别。(2)在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用动名词或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同：动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。(3)在动词forget,remember,regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：动名词表示动作______发生，不定式表示动作______发生。Tips二、动词-ing作宾语已经还没regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(事情已经做过)regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事(事情正要做或还未做)a.Iregretlendinghimsomuchmoneybecauseheneverpaidmeback.我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他从来没有还过我。b.Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedthetest.我遗憾的告诉你，你没有通过考试。a.Missingthebusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过那趟巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。b.I’mfeelingveryguilty-I'vebeenmeaningtocallmyparentsfordays,butstillhaven'tgotaroundtoit.我感到非常内疚——几天来我一直打算给父母打电话，但还是没机会打。meandoingsth意味着……meantodosth打算做某事

以下动词和短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.试试做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事

can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事

goondoingsth.继续做一直在做的事

goontodosth.接着做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事

stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事.6.need,demand,want,require,在表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。need/demand/want/requiredoing=need/demand/want/requiretobedoneeg:翻译：这辆车需要修理(repairv.)。Tips二、动词-ing作宾语Thecarneedsrepairing.=Thecarneedstoberepaired.1.动名词作主语或宾语时，有被动形式。如：________________(recognize)givesusconfidence..Thetopstarwenttothemarketwithout_______________(recognize).2.动名词的否定形式是在前面加not，如：Youhavenoexcusefor

notgoing.3.动名词作主语或宾语时，可加物主代词或名词所有格构成复合结构。Sheleft,

annoyedbyyoursaying

that.Mary'sstayingupsolateworrieshermom.三、动词-ing作主语/宾语的语态，否定Beingrecognizedbeingrecognized由“sb./sb.’s＋doing”构成，实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ingHer________(come)tohelpencouragedallofus.她的帮助鼓励了我们所有人②名词所有格＋动词-ingTom’s___________(win)firstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.③代词宾格＋动词-ingCanyouimaginehim__________(cook)athome?你能想象他在家做饭吗？④名词＋动词-ingThebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenly__________(shut).这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了四、动词-ing作主语/宾语的复合结构comingwinningcookingshuttingInChina’sSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,therelivedamannamedBoya,whowasamasteroftheqin.Playingtheqinwashislife.Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.However,BoyabelievednoonecouldunderstandhismusicuntilhemetZhongZigi.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yetZhongZiqiwasabletopaintapictureofgreatmountainrangesinhismind.WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.Infact,BoyahadintendedtocallthepieceHighMountainsandFlowingWater.HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.Thetwosoonbecamegreatfriendsandbeforegoingtheirseparateways,theyagreedtomeetattheMid-AutumnFestivalthenextyear.However,ZhongZiqifailedtoshowuponthatday.WhenBoyalearntaboutZhongZiqi’sdeath,hewasovercomewithsorrow.HeplayedHighMountainsandFlowingWaterinfrontofZhongZiqi’sgrave.Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,hedestroyedtheqinandsaid,“Sincetheonlypersonthatunderstandsmymusicisgone,it’snousekeepingtheqin.”Exploringtherules主主主前置定语后置定语前置定语宾宾宾宾宾宾Verb-ingformsassubjects

Playingtheqinwashislife.Verb-ingformsasobjects...everyoneenjoyedlistening...HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,......,it’snousekeepingtheqin.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,...WhenBoyacontinued

playing,......whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi....beforegoingtheirseparateways,...Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,...ExploringtherulesFindthesentencesthatuseverb-ingformsassubjectsorobjectsWorkingouttherulesWhentheverb-ingformisusedasthesubjectofasentence,wecansometimesusethepreparatorysubject(形式主语)(1)

atthebeginningofthesentence.Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedastheobjectofa(2)

ora(3)_____.verbitpreposition介词B1Circlethemistakesandwritedownthecorrectformsintheblanks.P21

1.Listentomusicismyfavouritethingtodo.2.Ireallyenjoytoreadbiographiesofmusicians.3.It’snousetrytoplaytheviolinifyou’renotgoingtogiveityourbestshot.4.Wouldyoumindtoteachmehowtoplaytheguitar?5.TheseinstrumentsweremeantforplaytraditionalChinesemusic.ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingApplyingtherulesB2Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.IfyouhavetochoosemusicfromtheEarthtosendintospace,whatmusicdoyouthinkiscapableof(1)____________(represent)mankind?ThesoundoftheChineseqinisoneanswertothisquestion.In1977,twospacecraftcalledVoyager1andVoyager2weresentout(2)_________(explore)thesolarsystem.Onbothspacecraft,thereisaselectionofmusicfromourplanet.(3)__________(send)musicintoouterspacewastheideaofthefamousscientistCarlSagan,whobelievedintelligentlifeexistedonotherplanets.Themusicwasintendedasauniversallanguagetogreetintelligentlifeinspace(ifthereisany).Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdownto(4)_________(choose)suitablemusic.representingto

exploreSendingchoosingApplyingtherulesOfcourse,theyhadtrouble(5)________(select)whichpiecesofmusictoinclude.Intheend,27differentpiecesofmusic(6)______(last)90minuteswereputonthespacecraft.ChinaisrepresentedbyarecordingofGuanPinghu(7)_______(play)anancientpiececalledFlowingWaterontheChineseinstrumentqin.ItissaidthatBoyawroteit.Ittookabout40yearsfortheVoyagerspacecraft(8)_______(enter)thespacebetweenthestars.Wedonotknowwhatwillhappenintheend,butmaybethesoundoftheqinwillonedaybeheardonadistantplanet.selectinglastingplayingtoenterApplyingtherulesMary’s________(be)lateforclassthismorningmadetheteacherangry.Thetwostudentswhohadbrokentheschoolruleswereluckyenoughtoescape________________(punish).Theyinsistedon_______anotherchancetotry.A.given B.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegivenTomwasveryunhappyfor____________totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvitedExercisesbeingbeingpunishedCDThankyou!1.Weareconsidering_________(change)theplan.2.Weadvise_________(make)anotherexperiment.3.“Keepsilent!”themonitortoldtheboystostop_________(talk).4.Peoplecouldn’thelp_________(laugh)atthefoolishemperorintheprocession(游行队伍).5.Canyouimagine_________(swim)inwinter?6.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_______________(catch).7.Shedidn’tremember_____________(meet)himbefore.8.Thebookisworth_________(read)asecondtime.9.Idon’tthinkyourhairneeds____________________(cut)now.10.Theyforbid_____________(smoke)intheoffice.11.Motheroftenremindsmethatit’sagoodhabit_________(put)everythinginorder.changingmakingtalkinglaughingswimmingbeingcaughtmeetingreadingcutting/tobecutsmokingputting12.Youcan’thelp_________(hear)commercials;everyfewminutestheprogrammeisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother.13.Itisdifficulttogetusedto_________(sleep)inatentafterhavingasoft,comfortablebedtolieon.14.Youcan’timaginewhatsituationIamfacedwith,soisnouse_______(tell)menottoworry.15.Markoftenattemptstoescape_____________(fine)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.16.Hegivespeopletheimpressionof_________(write)manypoems.17.Thethieftookawaythewoman’swalletwithout_________(notice).18.Peopleappreciate_________(work)withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumour.19.Noonecanavoid______________(influence)byadvertisements.20.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_________(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.hearingsleepingtellingbeingfinedwritingbeingnoticedworkingbeinginfluencedsailing二、

单句改错

1.Look!SomeofmyclassmatesarepractisingspeakEnglishoverthere.________________________________________________________________2.Thesuspectatlastadmittedtostealthediamond.________________________________________________________________3.Nobodylikesbeinglaughed.________________________________________________________________4.IshallneverforgettoseetheAlpsforthefirsttime.Itwasreallybeautiful.________________________________________________________________5.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhousefrombrokeninto.________________________________________________________________二、

单句改错

6.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.________________________________________________________________7.MyfriendJimisverygoodatmakingtoysandrepairthings.________________________________________________________________8.Sheapologizedforherbeingnotabletocome.________________________________________________________________9.Alltheyearstheprofessordevotedtopayingoffandhisimportantdiscoveryhelpedhumans.________________________________________________________________10.Muchattentionshouldbepaidtoimprovepeople’slivingconditions.________________________________________________________________三、根据中文提示用动词-ing形式完成句子1.Shedidn’tmind_______________________(超时劳动).2.Ican’tunderstand_______________________(你欺骗我们的老师).3.Tomakealiving,hehastried_______________________(做各种各样的工作).4.Canyouimagine_______________________(独自住在孤岛上)?5.Wearelookingforwardto_______________________(玛丽过来参加我们的晚餐).6.Shewaspraisedfor_______________________(从河里救起了男孩).7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof_______________________(被批评).8.Isthereanypossibilityof_______________________(我们赢得冠军)?9.Hecametothemeeting_______________________(未被邀请).10._______________________(开车去公司)wasveryslowbecauseofthefog.workingovertimeyour/youcheatingourteachersdoingvariousjobslivingonalonelyislandMary’s/Marycomingovertoourdinnersavingaboyfromtheriverbeingcriticizedour/uswinningthechampionshipwithoutbeinginvitedDrivingtothecompany非谓语使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.作为额外增添forgoodmeasure让公众接触更多音乐(P19)givethepublicmoreaccesstomusic举办一系列免费音乐会putonaseriesoffreeconcerts受到全世界好评bewellreceivedacrosstheworld由……组成consistof春秋战国时期(P20)SpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods对……评价很高thinkhighlyof对……很厌倦gettiredof出现;露面showup二、根据首字母或中文提示填空1.Hissuggestionispracticalanditd_________consideration.2.Wecan’talwaysc_________workwithpleasure.3.SymphonyNo.41wasc_________byMozart.4.Theseplantsgrowbetterinr_________areasthanincities.5.Thesofacan’t_________(变形)foruseasabed.6.Thewholenationwasindeeps_________atthedeathofAbrahamLincoln.7.Ifwedon’ttakeeffortstoprotectanimals,somewilldisappear_________(永远).8.Thehousefitsinbeautifullywithits_____________(环境).9.Theproblemwasfinally_____________(克服).10.Wecouldnotbut___________(哭泣)atthesadnews.11.Theweatherwascold,butthetripwas_________(令人愉快的).12.Aftera_________(戏剧性的)pause,thelawyerfinishedherstatement.

eservesombine omposed ural transform orrow forever surroundings overcome weep pleasant dramatic spreadacross

三、

从方框内选择适当的词组，并用其正确形式填空relyon forgoodmeasuregrowoutof consistofthrowinhaveone’srootsin spreadacross tearapart1.ChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonintheWorldCup,andthenewsquickly_____________ourcountry.2.Aperson’sbehavior________