Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking课件高中英语人教版选择性2

JOHNSNOWDEFEATS"KINGCHOLERA"Unit1TogetinformationabouthowJohnSnowdefeatedcholeraTosummarizestagesofscientificresearchTotalkaboutthesignificanceandcontributionofJohn’swork“Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.”---

AlbertEinstein“提出新的问题，发现新的问题，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。”-阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”LeadinAreyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?MaskupGetvaccinatedSelf-isolation

PositivemeasuresaretakenbyhumanstofightagainstCOVID-19.coronavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvairəs]Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics(流行病)doyouknow?bird-fluplague[pleiɡ]Ebola[iˈbəʊlə]malaria[məˈleriə]WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Namesomefamousscientistsyouknowandtellsomethingaboutthem.TuYouyouSheisthefirstChineseNobellaureate(荣誉获得者)inphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrizeinanycategory(范畴),aswellasthefirstChinesepersontoreceivetheLaskerAward.textpatternanalysis2ReadingReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideasPara1Para2Para4Para5JohnSnowdesired

todestroycholera.JohnSnowdecided

toprovethesecondtheory.SnowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemapTruthoftheinfectionofcholeraSnow'scontributionsPara3TexttypeNarration

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.WhatisCholera?findaproblemCholeraSnowIt'soneof________________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_______________________________._______________________(when),anoutbreakofcholerahit_______milionsofpeople______________________.Herosetobecome_________________,andeven_______________QueenVictoria

whenshegavebirth..Snowbecame________becausenooneknew_________________.However,hehadadesireto__________________onceandforall.themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthedisease“KingCholera”frustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholeraThoughbeingfamous,hewasstilldevotedtodefeating“KingCholera”Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whathappenedin1854?2.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.500askaquestionWhichtheoryiscorrect?WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJohnSnowisasagreatscientist?Para.1Furtherthinkingbraveexpertdeterminedcaring,sociallyresponsiblePara.2Furtherthinkingknowledgeabledetermined,curiousWhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJohnSnowisasagreatscientist?rigorous(严谨的)Para.3Furtherthinkingdetail-oriented(注重细节的)rigorous(严谨的)/carefulWhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJohnSnowisasagreatscientist?Para.5Furtherthinkingdevotedcreative,innovative(创新的)WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJohnSnowisasagreatscientist?most,defeated,river,London,understood,water,sources,drunk,dyingNoone__________choleraandeverytimeitcame,thousandsdied.QueenVictoria’sdoctor,JohnSnow,wantedtofindouthowitwascaused.Whenthediseasecameto_______againin1854,Snownoticedthat_____ofthe500peoplewhodiedhad_______thewaterfromawaterpumpinBroadStreet.Heconcludedthatthe______wastoblameandfoundthatthepump’swatercamefromadirty_____.Afterhestoppedpeoplefromusingthepump,peoplegraduallystopped______.Snowsuggestedall_______ofwaterbecheckedandwatercompaniestakecarenottosupplypeoplewithdirtywater.Inthisway,cholerawas_________.Londonunderstood

Belowisasummaryofthetextwithsomewordsmissing.Choosetherightwordsfromtheboxandmakeitcomplete.Thentrytoretellthestorytoyourpartners.mostwaterriversources

drunkdyingdefeated1.WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholera?Whatcommonmedicaltools,e.g.amicroscope,didn’theuse?Why?Heusedmapsandstatisticstoanalysewherethedeathsoccurred.Hedidn’tuseamicroscope,forexample.Hedidn’ttestthewater,nordidhedrawbloodorexaminepatients.Thereasonhedidnotusemedicalequipmentsuchasamicroscopewasbecausetheydidnotexistduringhistime.Further,understandingofgermsandbacteriawasstilldeveloping,andhehadtoinnovatemethodshimselfbasedonthetheoryhebelieved.2.HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?Snow’sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhlygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics,andtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases,whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.LanguagePointsCholerausedto

beoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。

(Para.1,Line1)until引导__________

从句，how引导_____从句。时间状语宾语Ididn’t

godownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.I

stayedawake

onpurpose

until

halfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.until表示“直到…为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；not…until表示“直到…才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。notuntil用于一般疑问句型中Itwasn’tuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(改为一般疑问句)Wasitnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed?强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋句子的其余部分Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhecompletedhishomework.(对画线部分进行强调)notuntil用于强调句型中要强调until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前

②还要把not一起提前→Itwasn’t

untilhecompletedhishomeworkthat

hewenttobed.

Itwasn’tuntil..that＋句子的其余部分notuntil用于倒装结构1.Thestudentsdidn’tstoptalkinguntiltheteachercamein.2.Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.→Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.→____________nextweek_____thesportsmeetbeheld.Notuntil

will1.直到比赛开始他才来到。

He_________________thegamehadbegun.2.如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等到DVD版出来才看。

Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit,

or

Iwill____________________________.3.直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装)

__________________________________________________________

waituntilitcomesoutonDVD

didn’tarriveuntilNotuntilJohnwenttocollegedidherealizetheimportanceoftime.