第04讲课文初探说明文（事物事理类）学生版

第04讲课文初探+（说明文事理事物类）一、听见课文10September2018DearWorriedFriend，Youwrotethatyouarevery(worry)aboutyourfriend,ChenLei.Iunderstandquitewellthatyouare(anxiety)andfeelterrible.Youthinkthatyourfriendplaysputergamestoooftenandspendstoomuchtime.Iremendthatyoutalktoyourfriendabouthis(behave).Itisnotunusualfor(teen)ofyourgenerationtobe(attract)toputergamesandtheonlineworld.Butspendingtoomuchtimeonlineis(health)andmakesitverydifficulttoonotherthingsinlife.Somestudentsevenbee(addict)totheInternetandcannotschoolandfamilylife.Ithinkyoushould(courage)yourfriendtotrynewhobbies.Whynotdiscusstheproblemtogether?Iamsurehewilllistentoyou,sinceyouarehisgoodfriend.Allthebest，SusanLuo词汇及短语归纳总结①beworriedabout对……感到担忧②anxiousadj.焦虑的；担心的③behaviourn.行为；举止④unusualadj.不同寻常的⑤generationn.一代(人)⑥attractvt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)beattractedto喜爱⑦focusvi.&vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距n.中心；重点；焦点focuson集中；特别关注⑧addictedadj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的addictn.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人addictedto对……很入迷⑨concentrateon集中于；专心于⑩allthebest一切顺利；万事如意二、题型初识1、从说明文（事理事物）说起PassageAInthedemonstration(示范)videoofthedevices.twodancersareperformingwiththeroboticarmsontheirbacks.Thehumansandmachinesmovetogetherintheperformance.Thedancersetogetherandmoveinsimilarwayseitherleadingorfollowingtherobotarms.Inamisaidsomewearersgrowattached(依恋的)tothearmsaftersometime.“Takingthemoffafterusingthemforawhilefeelsalittlesad.That'swherethey'realittledifferenttoothertools."hesaid.1.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thetwodancersmoveindifferentways.B.Someusersformattachmenttothearms.C.Gettingusedtothearmsneedsalongtime.D.Thewearersthinkthearmsaresimilartoothertools.PassageBAnnaHoggoftheUniversityofLeedsinBritainwasoneoftheresearchers.Whenspeakingaboutthedroppingice,shesaid,"It'sgoingtotaketensofyearsforthedroppingicetorecover(恢复).There'snomethodtoreplaceit."Shetoldagroupofreporters,“Itwillcertainlytakealongtime,evenifit'spossible.”2.WhatdoesAnnaHoggtrytotellusinParagraph3?A.Itispossibletoreplaceseaice.B.Itisdifficultforseaicetorecover.C.Itisimpossibleforseaicetorecover.D.Itisimportanttoreplaceseaice.PassageCThesystemiscalledATLAS.ItcansearchthewholeskyseveraltimeseachnightlookingforNearEarthObjects(NEOs,近地天体）.WhentheyenterEarth'satmosphere(大气层），mostoftheNEOswillburnupbeforereachingtheplanet'ssurface.ButscientistsareworriedaboutlargerNEOsupto50metersinsize.Suchobjectscouldbringharmfulresultstoareastheyhit.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutNEOs?A.MostofthemarenotriskytoEarth.B.Mostofthemareharmfultoourplanet.C.Mostofthemareover50metersinsize.D.Mostofthemcan'tbeseenbytelescopes.2、题型讲解1.事物事理类说明文定义：一种文章体裁，旨在通过说明方式介绍事物特征、本质及其规律性，或阐释抽象事理。2.概念区分事物说明文：关注具体事物的形状、构造、性质等。事理说明文：关注抽象概念的原理、成因、特点等。3.说明方法★分类法（byclassification）★比较法（byparison）★举例法（byexample）★程序法（byprocess）★因果法（bycauseandeffect）★定义法（bydefinition）★时序法（byfollowingtheorderoftime）★描述法（bydescription）★重要性法（byimportance）★分析原因法（byanalyzingcause）★引入数据或研究（byusingdataormentioningsomestudies）4.解题重点关注正确选项：与说明对象密切相关，注意段首段尾。转折、递进、因果：这些词后的内容往往是重点。5.主旨题中心思想：文章围绕中心思想展开，常在开头或段落首句体现。寻找主题句的微技能转折词：but,however等后的内容可能是主题。总结词：therefore,thus等后可能是主题。重复词：多次出现的词可能是关键词。疑问句：首段的疑问句回答可能是主旨。实验结论或调查结果：如theirstudiesshowthat…，the

experiment

showsthat…，scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或there

is

evidence

suggestingthat…中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。研究显示的内容可能是主旨。3、同频练习PassageAWhileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.1：Whatismostprobablythewriter’spurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Toreleasehisorherwrongpressure.B.Tohelpsolvetheuniversalproblemofstress.C.Toreducehisorheranxiety.D.Tohavemorepeoplecryout.PassageBFortravelexpertandauthorLaCarmina,slowtravelallowspeopletostopandsmelltherosesquitedirectly.“It’saboutbeingfullypresentinthemomentandexperiencingthesights,soundsandsensations(感觉)aroundyoupletely“lettingtheexperiencedevelopatitsownspeedandwithoutexpectations,”shesaid.“Tome,slowtraveldoesn’thaveastrictdefinitionorcertainthingstodo,butratherfocusesonthefeelingofbeingavisitortoaplace.”Slowtravelisbeingmoreandmorepopularnow,becauseitcandogoodtousinmanyways.2.WhatdoesLaCarminathinkofslowtravel?A.Itcanlettravelersexperiencetheplacedeeply.B.Itcanmaketravelerssavealotofmoney.C.Itcanallowtravelerstoexploremoreplaces.D.Itcansavetravelersmuchmoretime.PassageCNobusinesswouldwelebeingparedtogambling(赌博).Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshaveplainedthattheirchildrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.Today,however,evenmoredoctorsareusingtheterm.OnJanuary1thisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).3.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A.Itisnotsuitabletoparevideogamestogambling.B.Parentsplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling.C.Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.D.Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addicted”.PassageDIt’sgoodtoshare,right?Growingupaskids,wearetoldtoshareourtoysandnotbeselfish.Wealsoliveinanagewherediscussingourfeelingsisencouraged.Butwhendoesitallbeetoomuch?Withnewcrazestrendingallthetime,suchasdancechallengesandwearingapillowasadress,thequestionis:whencansharingbeeoversharingonsocialmedia?Whatisoversharing?Thetermhasbeeconnectedwithsocialmedia,butitisn’texclusive(独有的)tothisplatform.Imagineyouheadtoapartyandyoumeetsomeone.Withinfiveminutestheyhaverevealeddetailsabouttheirlife.Whilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeople,accordingtospecialistCarolynCole,thisformofoversharingcouldefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone.Buthowdoesoversharingtranslateintosocialmedia?DrChristopherHand,alecturerincyberpsychology,saysthemoredetailspeopleexpose(使显露),thelesssympathy(同情)weexpresswhenthingsgowrong.Thiscouldbeduetoabeliefthatwewillgetmorenegativeexperiencesifwesharethemmore.Itseemsthatsadfishing,theideaofsearchingforsympathybyoversharing,isgenerallyviewedasnegativeratherthanthecryforhelpitcouldactuallybe.However,DrHand’sresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatform,themoresociallyattractivewebee—ifourpostsarepositive.Evenbackin2015,GwendolynSeidmanPhD,saidthatweshouldavoidplainingandbeingnegativeonline.Weshouldalsoavoidshowingofforbragging(吹嘘).Itmakessenseifyourlifeisgoingthatwell,wouldyoureallyhavetimetoshareaphotowithtext?So,howcanyouknowifyouareoversharing?Well,whynotaskyourfriendsinreallife?Theywouldprobablybemorethanhappytotellyouifyourpostsaboutyourbreakfastoryourplaintsaboutyourlackofmoneyreallyaretoomuch.1．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Byprovidingdata. B．Byraisingaquestion.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.2．Whydoestheauthordescribeasceneinparagraph2?A．Toillustratewhatoversharingis.B．Toattractreaders’attentionandinterest.C．Toexplainthereasonofoversharing.D．Toconnectoversharingwithsocialmedia.3．AccordingtoDrHand,whatmayhappenwhenpeopleovershareonline?A．Theywouldhavenotimetoenjoytheirreallife.B．Peoplearelikelytodoubttheirintentionforhelp.C．Peopleshownosympathywhentheyareintrouble.D．Theywilldefinitelybeemoresociallyattractive.4．Whichofthefollowingonlinesharingdoestheauthormostagreewith?A．Showingoffyourexpensivelifestyle.B．plainingfrequentlyaboutyourwork.C．Sharingphotosofyourbreakfasteveryday.D．Recordingavideoofhowyousavemoney.三、课后作业1、听力小练听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A．Playingping­pongandlisteningtomusic.B．Listeningtomusicandreading.C．Readingandplayingbasketball.7．Howoftendoesthewomanplayping­pong?A．Onceaweek.B．Twiceaweek.C．Threetimesaweek.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．HowlonghasthemanbeenlearningEnglish?A．Forabouthalfayear.B．Foraboutoneyear.C．Forabouttwoyears.9．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Atabusstop.B．Inaschool.C．Onabus.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Wheredidtheman'sfamilygolastyear?A．ToEgypt.B．ToSpain.C．ToFrance.11．Howmanypeoplearethereintheman'sfamily?A．Three.B．Four.C．Five.12．What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Friends.B．Strangers.C．Workmates.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whatdayisittoday?A．Friday.B．Thursday.C．Wednesday.14．Whoforgotthewordsduringtheplay?A．Peter.B．Harry.C．Mark.15．WhatwasFred'sproblem?A．Hefelloverachair.B．Hecausedlightstobeoff.C．Hegaveuptheplaymidway.16．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthesituationontheman'sfirstnight?A．It'snormal.B．It'sfunny.C．It'ssurprising.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhereisKatenow?A．InLondon.B．InEdinburgh.C．InParis.18．Whatwastheweatherlikewhenthespeakerwascamping?A．Sunny.B．Rainy.C．Cloudy.19．Whatdidthespeakerdoonthefourthdayoftheholiday?A．Shevisitedavillageschool.B．Shesailedonthelake.C．Shewenttoamuseum.20．WheredoesKateworknow?A．Atalibrary.B．Atagym.C．Atasupermarket.2、阅读练习PassageAHaveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.Grocerystoredesignisacarefullycraftedartfrombothpsychologicalandmarketingstandpoints,accordingtoReevesConnelly,whostudiedarchitecturaldesignatthePrattInstitute.Heexplainedthereisaspecificreasonwhyfruitandvegetablesareoftenlocatedatthefrontofthestore,“You’llgrabthefruitsandvegetablesfirstandthenhopefullyfeellessguiltyaboutbuyingjunkfoodlateron.”Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.There’salsoareasonwhyyouoftenfeellostinlocalsupermarkets.Shockingly,theymovethingsaround.Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”“Theirlittletricksalwaysworkonme,”oneregularshopperadmits,“Iwalkintogetthreethingsandendupspending$300;that’swhyIhategroceryshopping,”hesaid.Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.“I’vestartedhavingmygroceriesdelivered.IfIhavetogotothestore,Inevergrabatrolley.IfIcan’tcarryit,I’mnotbuyingit,”headded.1．Whatisthepurposeofthesupermarketlayout?A．Toshowthedesigner’swisdom. B．Tosaveconsumers’shoppingtime.C．Toincreasenonessentialpurchases. D．Toprovidemultiplegoodsforchoice.2．Whatwouldthestoreownerprobablydotomakemoreprofits?A．Putthehealthyfoodtogether. B．Distributejunkfoodindifferentareas.C．Placeessentialitemsbeforejunkfood. D．Rearrangeproductsinsupermarketsregularly.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Mostshoppersaretrappedinmarketingtricks.B．Shoppingbasketsarebetterthanheavytrolleys.C．Makinglistscanbeasmartactforimpulsebuying.D．Grocerydeliverycanhelpimprovesupermarketsales.4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Abusinessmagazine. B．Apsychologyreport.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Ashoppingguide.PassageB（2324高一下·天津和平·期末）Weliveinajudgmentalworldwherepeoplearequicktopointoutthefaultsandimperfectionsofothersyetseemunawareoftheirown.Somemisguidedpeoplebelievetheyhaveanaturaldutytohelpyoutobeabetterpersonbytellingyouwhatafailureyoureallyarefirstandthenofferingsuggestionsastohowyoucanimprove.Sowhatisthesolutiontocriticism?Ifyouaretheoneforcingotherstofeelashamedofthemselves,STOP.Makeaconsciousdecisionthatratherthanfocusonthenegativeaspectofaperson’sperformanceorattitudes,you’llofferhelpfulsuggestionsfromthebeginning.IfI’mpaintingourlivingroomandmakingamessindoingso,Iwouldlikemyhusbandtosaytome,“Thisisatoughjob.CanIofferasuggestionthatmightmakeiteasierforyou?”ratherthanhavinghimpoint’outwhatacarelesspainter.IamandthentellmehowIshouldbedoingit.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofcriticism,the“OK”responseisaperfectsolution.Whensomeonementsnegativelyonataskyouaredoingorapersonalityissue,anaturalresponseistodefendandattack.However,thisapproachisrarelyeffectiveasitputsbothpartiesonthedefensive.Inste