急性冠脉综合征 英文

汇报人：xxx20xx-03-18急性冠脉综合征英文目录OverviewofacutecoronarysyndromeAssessmentofacutecoronarysyndromePrinciplesoftreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeKeynursingpointsforpatientswithacutecoronarysyndromePreventivestrategiesforacutecoronarysyndrome01OverviewofacutecoronarysyndromeDefinitionActuarialcoronarysyndrome(ACS)referstoaclinicalsyndromecharacterizedbyacutemyocardialischemiacausedbyunstablecoronaryartplaques,leadingtopartialorpleteocclusionofthecoronaryartPathogenesisThemainpathwayofACSisthecorruptionorerosionofunstableplaquesinthecoronaryarts,whichactivateplatesandthecoagulationsystem,resultingintheformationofthrombosisthatincludesthecoronaryartsThisprocessisoftenacpaniedbyvaryingdegreesofsurfaceepipolardamageandposeDefinitionandpathogenesisIncidentandvalidityACSisamoncardiovasculardiseasewithhighincidenceandvalidityratesItisoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathanddisabilityworldwideRiskfactorsThemainriskfactorsforACSincludehypertension,diabetes,smoking,obesity,lakeofexercise,andafamilyhistoryofcardiovasculardiseaseEpidemiologicalcharacteristicsThemainsymptomsofACSincludechestpain,shortnessofbread,fatigue,nasea,andsweatingTheseverityofsymptomscanvarydependingonthedegreeofmoralartinclusionandthepresenceofitiesClinicalpresentationsACScanbeclassifiedintothreemaintypes:STsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(STEMI),nonSTsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(NSTEMI),andunstableangelaClassificationClinicalpresentationsandclassificationDiagnosticcriteriaThediagnosisofACSisbasedonclinicalsymptoms,electrocardigraphicfindings,andlaboratorytestsTheelectrocardiogram(ECG)typicallyshowschangessuchasSTsegmentelevationordepression,T-waveinversion,orabnormalQwavesLaboratorytestsmayincludebloodtestsforcardiacenzymes,Troponins,andothermarkersofmyocardialdamageDifferentialdiagnosisThedifferentialdiagnosisofACSmainlyincludesothercausesofchestpain,suchasstableangina,pericarditis,pulmonaryembolism,acutesection,andesophagealspasmAdetailedclinicalhistory,physicalexamination,andadditionaltestssuchasChestX-rays,echocardiography,andcoronaryangiographymayberequiredtoconfirmthediagnosisDiagnosticcriteriaanddifferentialdiagnosis02AssessmentofacutecoronarysyndromeCollectionofmedicalhistoryDetailedinquiryaboutthepatient'spastmedicalhistory,familyhistory,andriskfactorssuchassmoking,hypertension,diabetes,andhyperlipidemiaPhysicalexaminationExaminationofthepatient'sgeneralcondition,heartrate,rhythm,heartsounds,bloodpressure,andsignsofheartfailureMedicalhistorycollectionandphysicalexaminationIncludingpletebloodcount,biochemicaltests(suchasbloodglucose,liveprofile,renalfunction,andelectrolytelevels),andcardiacmarkers(suchasTroponinandCK-MB)BloodtestsMainlytodetectabnormalitiesinkidneyfunctionandelectrolytebalanceUrinetestsSelectionoflaboratoryinspectionitemsVSTodetectabnormalitiesintheelectricalactivityoftheheart,suchasSTsegmentelevationordepression,T-waveinversion,andarrhythmiaImagingexaminationIncludingChestX-ray,echocardiography,coronaryangiography,andcardiacmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)toassessthestructureandfunctionoftheheartandcoronaryartsElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogramandimagingexaminationRiskstratificationanddiagnosticassessmentBasedonthepatient'scondition,riskfactors,andtestresults,thepatientisstandardizedintolowrisk,intermediaterisk,andhighriskgroupstoguidesubsequencetreatmentandmanagementRiskstratificationComprehensiveevaluationofthepatient'scondition,orbidities,andtreatmentoptionstopredictthepatient'sdiagnosisanddevelopanappropriatetreatmentplanPrognosticassessment03PrinciplesoftreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeAntilatelettherapyAspirin,clopidogrel,ortickrelatedaremonlyusedtopreventplateletaggregationandthrombosisHeparin,enoxaparin,orbivalirudinareadministeredtopreventbloodclottinginthecoronaryartsUsedtoDilatetheCoronaryArtsandImproveBloodFlowtotheHeartMuscleThesebugsslowdowntheheartrateandreducetheforceoftheheartmusclecontract,whilereducingtheoxygendemandoftheheartAnticoagulanttherapyNitroglycerinBetablockersDrugtreatmentstrategiesandindicationsRecurrentCoronaryIntervention(PCI)AprocedureinwhichaballooncatalystisinsertedintotherentedorblockedcoronaryarttorestorebloodflowStentingPlacingasmall,expandablemetaltube(stent)withinthecorearttokeepitopenandpreventreroutingAtheroscopicityAproceduretoremoveplacefromtheinsideofthecoreartusingaspecialcatcherwithacuttingorgrindingdeviceProgressinInterventionalTherapyTechnology01CoronaryArtpassingGrading(CABG):Surgicalproceduretoredirectbloodflowaroundablockedorrentedpartofthecoronaryartusingagradientfromanothervessel02IndicationsforCABGincludemultipleblockedcoronaryarts,leftmaincoronaryartsdisease,andfailedPCIprocedures03Surgicalselectionisbasedontheseverityandlocationoftheblockage,aswellasthepatient'soverallhealthstatusandorbiditiesIndicationsandsurgicalselectionforsurgicaltreatmentCardiacrehabilitationAstructuredprogramofexercise,education,andcounselingtohelppatientsrecoverfromaheartattackandpreventfutureeventsLifestylemodificationsQuittingsmoking,maintainingahealthydiet,managingstress,andengaginginregularphysicalactivityarecriticalforreducingtheriskoffutureapplicationsMedicationinheritanceTakingsubscribedmedicineasdirectedisessentialformanagingsyndromes,preventingfurtherprogressionofthedisease,andreducingtheriskofplicationsPreventionandmanagementmeasuresforapplicationsRegularfollowupcareRegularvisitstothehealthcareproviderformonitoringofsymptoms,adjustmentofmedicine,andevaluationoftreatmenteffectivenessareimportantformanagingacutecoronarysyndromeandpreventingplicationsPreventionandmanagementmeasuresforapplications04KeynursingpointsforpatientswithacutecoronarysyndromeClosemonitoringofvitalsigns01Frequentmonitoringofheartrate,bloodpressure,respiratoryrate,andtemperaturetoidentifyanypotentialapplicationsearlyonEnsuringequaloxygensupply02AdministeringoxygentherapyasneededtomaintainequaloxygensaturationlevelsManagingpainanddisfort03PromptlyaddressingChestpainandotherassociateddisfortswithappropriateanalyticalmusicandnumberinginterventionsImplementationofacutephasenursingmeasuresOfferingeducationonlifestylemodificationsAdvisingpatientsondie,exercise,andsmokingprocesstoreducetheriskoffuturecardiaceventsEncouragingparticipationincardiovascularrehabilitationprogramsReferringpatientstosupervisedexerciseandeducationprogramsdesignedtoimprovecardiovascularhealthandfunctionMonitoringmedicineadherenceEnsuringpatientsunderstandtheirmedicineregimensandareadherenttosubscribeddosagesandschedulesRehabilitationnursingguidancerecommendationsTheroleofpsychologicalinterventionintherehabilitationprocessFacilitymunicationandinteractionwithfamily,friends,andhealthcareproviderstocreateasupportiveenvironmentforrecoveryEnhancingsocialsupportIdentifyingandmanagingpsychologicalstressthroughcounseling,supportgroups,orantidepressantmediaasneededAddressinganxietyanddepressionEncouragingpatientstoadapthealthycopingmechanisms,suchasrelaxationtechniquesandstressmanagementstrategies,toimprovetheiroverallwellbeingPromotingpositivecopingstrategiesTeachingfamilymembersonbasicnursingskillsTeachingfamilymembershowtomonitorvitalsigns,administrativemedicine,andprovidingbasicfirstaidincasesofemergenciesPromotinginvolvementinthecareprocessEncouragingfamilymemberstoactivelyparticipateinthepatient'scareplan,includingattendingmedicalappointmentsandrehabilitationsessionsProvidingresourcesandsupportGuidingfamilymemberstoavailableresources,suchassupportgroupsandeducationalmaterials,tohelpthembetterunderstandandmanagethepatient'sconditionPopularizationofFamilyNursingKnowledge05PreventivestrategiesforacutecoronarysyndromeControllingbloodpressureMaintainingnormalbloodpressurelevelsthroughlifestylemodificationssuchasregularexercise,abalanceddie,andstressmanagementManagingdiamondsForindividualswithdiamonds,itiscriticaltokeepbloodsugarlevelsundercontroltoreducetheriskofacutecoronarysyndromeSmokingprocessSmokingisamajorriskfactorforacutecoronarysyndromeQuittingsmokingsignificantlyreducestheriskofdevelopingtheconditio