专题04 过去分词七大典型用法（讲案）（快问快答+考点细目+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）原卷版

1/9高考一轮复习知识清单专题04过去分词六大考点归纳（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+考点细目+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、过去分词用法快问快答P1二、过去分词五年真题细目表P2三、过去分词用法考点清单P2考点清单一：过去分词作定语用法P2考点清单二：过去分词作状语用法P3考点清单三：过去分词作宾语补足语用法P3考点清单四：过去分词作表语用法P4考点清单五：“连词+过去分词”构成状语从句省略用法P4考点清单六：过去分词用于谚语、插入语用法P5四、过去分词用法分类通关P5分类通关（一）过去分词五年高考真题通关P5分类通关（二）现在分词和过去分词易混对比十组P6分类通关（三）过去分词助力应用文写作升格P7分类通关（四）过去分词助力读后续写升格P7分类通关（五）语法填空（外刊原创）P8“汉语桥”世界中学生中文比赛澳大利亚赛区总决赛落幕P8一、过去分词用法快问快答Q1：什么叫过去分词？A1：过去分词是非谓语动词一种形式，基本形式为done。Q2：过去分词能充当什么成分？A2：过去分词在句中作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。Q3：学习过去分词难点在哪里？A3：一是掌握过去分词四大句法功能，二是掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别，三是掌握过去分词短语作定语的用法。Q4：阅读过程中遇到过去分词（短语）怎么办？A4：利用括号法把整个过去分词括起来视为一个整体来理解，这也是英语长难句分析的最简单有效办法。Q5：学好过去分词有什么意义？A5：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用过去分词提升句子表达效果。Q6：如何才能学好过去分词？A6：一是努力掌握过去分词基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，学以致用。二、过去分词五年真题细目表卷别作状语作宾补作定语作表语2024新课标II卷inspired2024浙江1月卷designed2023新高考I卷recognized2023全国甲卷intended2023全国乙卷built2023浙江1月卷surrounded2022全国甲卷held2022浙江1月卷studied2021新高考I卷astonished2021新高考II卷excited2021北京卷caused2020北京卷found2020全国II卷decorated2020浙江1月卷compared（插入语）2019北京卷marked三、过去分词用法考点清单考点清单一过去分词作定语用法场合用法示例done1.过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；2.单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。Anumberofroadshavebeenblockedbyfallentrees.许多道路被倒下的树堵住了。ManywordsassociatedwithlifeintheWestareSpanish.许多与西方生活有关的单词都是西班牙语。beingdone表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。Didyouseethatboybeingquestionedbythepolice?你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?tobedone表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisofgreatimportance.下周要举行的会议很重要。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Fromthedates____________(mark)onthegoldcoin,wedecideditwasmadefivehundredyearsago.2.Canthose____________/____________(sit/seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?3.Ateamofscientists____________(lead)byaprofessorhasfoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.4.Theclub,____________(found)25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.5.Theoldladywassokindthatsheadoptedmany____________(abandon)catsanddogs.6.Thehouse____________(build)theresoonwillbealibrary.7.Thereisagreatdealofevidence____________(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.8.Foods____________(intend)foroldpeopleandchildrenshouldbesoft,tasty,smallandlight.9.Withthegovernment’said,those____________(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.10.Thetraditionaltea-makinginChinaisawholesystem____________(involve)knowledge,skills,andpracticesaboutthemanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,manualprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.考点清单二：过去分词作状语用法场合用法示例done1.过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；2.“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语时，be动词省略。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。Lostinthought,healmostranintoatree.他陷入沉思，差点儿撞到树。doing1.现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系;2.现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Thecarwascaught

inatrafficjam,thuscausingthe

delay.

这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，因而导致了延误。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.____________(encourage)bythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.2.____________(disappoint)bytheresult,thecandidateleftthestagewithtearsinhereyes.3.____________(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.4.____________(determine)togiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.5.When____________(expose)todangerandconflict,people'sbloodpressuretendstoincrease.6.____________(face)withtheheavyfinancialburden,heisthinkingofmovingtoanareawithlowlivingexpenses.7.Theresearchissowell-designedthatonce____________(finish),itmaymakeadifferencetothisfiled.8.Thechildfell,____________(strike)hisheadagainstthedoor.9.Istartedearly,only____________(miss)thetrainbecauseofthetrafficjam.10.____________(wait)

foranhour,herealizedhehadlefthiswalletathome.考点清单三:过去分词作宾语补足语用法场合用法示例观感使役类动词+sb+done1.巧记观感使役类动词--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉(notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel);2.过去分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语之间被动关系。Shecouldn'tmakeherselfheardbecauseofthetrafficnoise.由于交通噪音太大，她无法让别人听到她的声音。Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在开车进城之前，你必须把车洗干净。with+名词/代词+done1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作；3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。Withthecrowdscheering,theydrovetothepalace.

在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。【即时训练一】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee(carry)outthenextyear.2.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings(go/steal/miss/go/lose)3.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes(fix)onthescreen.4.Hegothisbadtooth________(pull)yesterday,forithadcausedhimtoomuchpain.5.WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirl___________(seat)inthecorner.【即时训练二】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.He

rushed

into

the

room,

withhis

face

(cover)

with

sweat.7.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons______________(finish)fortheday.8.Withthedifficultproblem_________(settle),hethrewhimselfinthesofainrelief.9.Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthisyear,thenumberofpeopleusinghanfuproductsinChinawillreach6.89million,withtotalsales________(expect)toreach10.16billionyuan.10.WithMr.Smith(teach)themEnglish,theywillbegreatlyimprovednextterminspokenEnglish.考点清单四:过去分词作表语用法场合用法示例现在分词作表语现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。Theexplanationwasconfusing.Igotconfused.这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheylearntoomuchatatime.如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Pleaseremain(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.2.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimetoget(change)beforetheparty.3.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying______(connect).4.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.5.Tomsoundsvery___________(interest)interestedinthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.考点清单五：“连词+过去分词”构成状语从句省略用法场合用法示例连词+过去分词连接词+过去分词表示与主语之间被动关系。If(youare)acceptedforthispost,youwillbeinformedwithinaweek.如果你被接受担任这个职务，将在一礼拜内给你通知。连词+现在分词连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系。As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Hestoodupallofasuddenasif____________(say)tosaysomething.2.Whenfirst____________(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.3.Nomatterhowfrequently(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.4.When____________(compare)cultures,weoftenfocusonthedifferenceswithoutnoticingthesimilarities.5.When____________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.考点清单六：过去分词用于谚语、插入语典型用法场合用法示例Comparedwith/to…用作插入语，表示“与……相比”，这时to和with均可。Comparedwithtraditionaleducation,onlineeducationhasmanyadvantages.与传统教育相比，在线教育有许多优势。Giventhat…意为“考虑到，鉴于”，后接从句。Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教书似乎是她合适的工作。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Unitedwestand;(divide)wefall.2.Well(begin),halfdone.3.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan(keep).4.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,(compare)withhisoldone.5.Asthesayinggoes,“Once__________(bite),twiceshy.”四、过去分词用法分类通关分类通关（一）过去分词五年高考真题通关考点一：考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）1.（2024新课标II卷）Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___60___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.2.（2024浙江1月卷）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacks__________(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).3.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghaimaybethe(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.4.（2023全国甲卷）Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage66(intend)foreveryone.5.（2023全国乙卷）FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully(build)systemofringroads.6.（2023浙江1月卷）IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.7.（2022全国甲卷）InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation___________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.8.（2021浙江卷1月）In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.9.（2021北京卷）Therehavebeenadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,________(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.10.（2019北京卷）EarthDay,__________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.11.（2020北京卷）Apieceofstone__________(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.考点二：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）12.（2021新高考I卷）Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_____________（astonish）.13.（2020全国II卷）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.考点三：考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）14.（2021新高考II卷）Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.考点四：考查过去分词短语作插入语15.（2020浙江卷1月）Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge____________(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulation分类通关（二）现在分词和过去分词易混对比十组Group11._________(see)fromthetopofahill,thecitylooksveryattractive.2._________(see)fromthetopofahill,wefindthecityveryattractive.Group23.Theman__________(call)himselfJohnSmithusedtolivedhere.4.Theman__________(call)JohnSmithusedtolivedhere.Group35.When_________(heat),icewillchangeintowater.6.When_________(leave)theairport,hewavedtousagain.Group47.Mostofuswenttoseeherlastweekend,somegirls_________(include).8.Mostofuswenttoseeherlastweekend,_________(include)somegirls.Group59._______(compare)withtraditionaleducation,onlineeducationhasmanyadvantages.10.__________(compare)yourphonewithmine,Iknowmyphoneisoutofdate.Group611.Hewassurprisedtoseesomevillagers_________(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.12.Tohissurprise,hesawsomevillagers_________(seat)themselvesatthebackoftheclassroom.Group713.Thequestion___________(discuss)nowatthemeetingisveryimportant.14.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetinglastweekisveryimportant.15.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingnextweekisveryimportant.Group816.__________(follow)byHank,weenteredthediningroom.17.__________(follow)Hank,weenteredthediningroom.18.__________(follow)Hank,andwe'llenterthediningroom.Group919.Thousandsofholidaymakersremained_______(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.20.Theteachersaidtherewerestillsomanyproblems________(remain)tobesolved.21.Pleaseremain_________(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.Group1022.Withsomuchwork____________(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.23.Withmymind____________(fill)withsomuchwork,Ialmostbreakdown.24.Withalotoftoughproblems____________(settle),thenewpresidentishavingahardtime.25.Withmuchhomework____________(finish),Ican’tgoshoppingwithmymum.26.Withmyhomework____________(finish),Iwentshoppingwithmymumhappily.27.Shehadtowalkhomewithherbicycle____________(steal)yesterday.分类通关（三）过去分词助力应用文写作升格书面表达句式升级：请运用过去分词翻译下列各句。1.(2022全国乙卷)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天和玩电脑游戏上瘾。____________________________________________________________________________2.(2022全国甲卷)没有海洋，就没有生命可以活下来，包括人类。____________________________________________________________________________3.(2023新高考卷)考虑到这些关切，我想提供一个口语练习可供选择的办法。____________________________________________________________________________4.(2021全国乙卷)和传统学校教育相比，网上学习可以随时随地发生。____________________________________________________________________________5.(2021全国乙卷)我很荣幸站在这里演讲，题目是“做一名智慧的网络学习者”。____________________________________________________________________________6.(2021全国乙卷)这不仅使我们随时随地学习，还可以为我们提供各种为我们定指的学习材料。____________________________________________________________________________7.(2021全国乙卷)另外，密切跟踪老师网络课堂内容是明智的，以便我们可以更加参与、聚焦和有动力。____________________________________________________________________________8.(2021全国甲卷)消息传来我们学校将要举行一个与中国传统风俗有关的班会。____________________________________________________________________________9.(2021新高考I卷)自从订阅《青年》报纸以来我已成为一名忠实的读者。____________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)尽管我感到很困惑，我还是收到很多鼓励，这给我信心去成为一名作家。____________________________________________________________________________分类通关（四）过去分词助力读后续写升格1.(2024浙江1月卷)她不仅对这种赞美感到惊讶，而且还对她认为无法实现的非凡胜利感到惊讶。___________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024浙江1月卷)在广阔的学校里，一个定向能力差的女孩很难导航，经常迷路。___________________________________________________________________________________3.(2024浙江1月卷)带着这种新发现的决心，她开始以不同的心态对待自己的高中经历。___________________________________________________________________________________4.(2023新高考I卷)沉浸在喜悦之中，他向我挥手表示祝贺。___________________________________________________________________________________4.(2023新高考I卷)我被这个消息惊呆了，当同学们胜利地举起手时，我激动得哽咽了。___________________________________________________________________________________6.(2022新高考I卷)听到这个消息，我非常感动和高兴，紧紧地拥抱了我的老师。___________________________________________________________________________________7.(2022新高考I卷)看到他非常痛苦，我们几乎感到自己的血液凝固了。___________________________________________________________________________________8.(2022新高考I卷)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。___________________________________________________________________________________9.(2021新高考I卷)一切都解决了，父亲离开了厨房，答应保守他们的秘密。___________________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)父亲看到这里一片狼藉，吓得僵住了，好像在地上扎了根似的。___________________________________________________________________________________分类