专题10 情态动词七类十九个考点（讲案）原卷版

9/9高考一轮复习知识清单专题24情态动词七大类十九个考点（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）目录一、情态动词用法快问快答P1二、情态动词考点思维导图P2三、情态动词用法考点清单P2考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳P2考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳P3考点清单三、情态动词must和haveto用法归纳P3考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳P4考点清单五、情态动词shall,should和oughtto用法归纳P4考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳P5考点清单七、情态动词+havedone用法对比P5四、情态动词用法分类训练P6分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空）P6分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空）P6分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空）P8分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创）P8和谐乐章土楼回响--中美“Z世代”青年音乐交流会奏响南靖P9一、情态动词用法快问快答Q1：情态动词有哪些核心考点？A1：情态动词种类多，用法复杂，涉及到情态动词的基本用法、推测用法和虚拟语气用法。Q2：情态动词难点是什么？A2：难点是情态动词表示推测的用法区别以及“情态动词+havedone”的用法。Q3：如何才能学好情态动词？A3：一要构建好情态动词的知识网络，二要了解其基本用法区别，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。Q4：学好情态动词有什么意义？A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在口语交际和写作中尝试使用高级句式进一步提升语言表达力。二、情态动词考点思维导图三、情态动词用法考点清单考点清单一、情态动词can和could用法归纳用法示例1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。Susanisn'tverygoodatmaths,butshecanspeakEnglishverywell.苏珊并不擅长数学，但是她的英语说得很好。Wecouldgotherethissummer.今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。2.表示“推测”时，can常用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。Mr.Blackcan'tbeathome—hehasgonetoAmerica.布莱克先生不可能在家——他去美国了。Evenexperiencedteacherscanmakemistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。—Could/Canyoupickmeupattheairport?你能去机场接机好吗?—Yes.Ican.好的，可以。4.couldhavedone表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’thavedone表示“不可能做了某事”。Youcouldhavehelpedhim.你本来应该帮助他的。Shecan'thavefinishedthework.她不可能完成了那份工作。5.beabletodo表示“能够做某事”，不能与can连用，但有更多时态。I'msureyouwillbeabletolookafteryourself.我相信你会照顾你自己的。Ihaven'tbeenabletosleepverywellrecently.最近我总是睡不好。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.—_________

youcomewithmetoLangLang’spianoconcertthisevening?—I’dloveto,butIhavetostudyformymathtest.2.IaskedinthebookshopaboutWillDutton’slatestbook,butallthey________tellmewasthatitwouldcomeoutbeforetheendoftheyear.3.—Thetestisveryimportanttous.Doyouthinkso?—Yes,sowe________betoocarefulduringthetest.4.Icould___________(lend)youthemoney.Whydidn’tyouaskme?5.MylegsfailedmeandIwas_________(able)torunthelastlap.考点清单二、情态动词may和might用法归纳用法示例1.may和might可用于肯定句中表“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。ShesaidI

mightcall

herattheweekend.她说我可以周末给她打电话。MayIborrowthecartomorrow?明天我能借用下车吗？2.might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小。Hemay/mightknowtheanswer.他可能知道答案。Hemay/mightnotbelieveyou.他可能不会相信你。3.may/mightwelldosth很可能,may/mightaswelldosth.不妨。Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumightwellnotrecognizeher.她的模样变化如此大，你很可能认不出她了。Youmightaswellgivehimtheletter.你不妨把信给他。4.“Mayyou+动词原形”表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Mayallyourdreamscometrue!祝你所有的梦想都实现！5.may/mighthavedone表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。Shemayhavereaditinthepapers.她可能在报上已读到过此事。Itwasreallyverydangerous.Imighthavekilledmyself.那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Ifyouthinkthepriceofbeefistoohigh,you_________aswellbuysomepork.Itdependsonyou!2.Ourholidayswereruinedbytheweather,we_________justaswellhavestayedathome!3.We_________havedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities,butwecandiscusstogethertomakethembetter.4.(2005安徽卷)Helen______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.考点清单三、情态动词must和haveto用法归纳用法示例1.must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许，禁止。Everyonemustobeytherule.人人都必须遵守制度。Youmustkeepitasecret.Youmustn'ttellanyone.你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。2.must表示“推测”,意为“一定是，准是",只用于肯定句中。mustbedoing肯定正在做某事。Hemustbeverylazyforhisdeskisveryuntidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。Putonmoreclothes.Youmustbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。3.must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。Whymustitraintoday?为什么偏偏在今天下雨？4.haveto表示客观需要，意为“不得不”,否定式为don’thaveto,等于needn't。Youcan'tturnrighthere.Youhavetoturnleft.你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。Youhavetostayforsupper.你得留下来吃晚饭。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Look,doubleyellowlines!You_________parkhere.2.Thestudentsansweredallthequestionscorrectly.She______havemadefullpreparations.3.You________beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.4.—Can’tyoustayalittlelonger?—It’sgettinglate.Ireally_____gonow.Mydaughterishomealone.5.Thegroundiswet.Itmust___________(rain)lastnight.6.WhenIwastakinganap,astudent___________knockatthedoor.考点清单四、情态动词will和would用法归纳用法示例1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。Willyoujoinourdiscussion?你愿意加入我们的讨论吗?Wouldyouopenthewindow,please?请把窗户打开好吗?2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。Gowhereyouwill.你愿到哪里就到哪里。SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。Onsummereveningstheywouldsitoutinthegarden.夏天的晚上他们会坐在外面的花园里。3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。Won’tyoutakeoffyourcoat?你要不要把大衣脱掉?Wouldyoupleasepostthe1etterforme?请帮我寄了这封信好吗?4.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。Mycarwouldn'tstartthismorning.今天早晨我的汽车怎么也发动不起来。Thedoorwouldn’topen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。5.wouldhavedone表示与过去事实相反的假设。Butforyourhelpwewouldhavebeenlate.要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。Ifshehadseenyouyesterday,shewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.—Whydon’tyouentertheoffice?Theyarewaitingforyou.—Thedoor________open,nomatterhowhardIpushed.2.Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother___________takemetoDisneylandatweekends.3.Don’tgetthiskindofinkonyourshirt,forit______washout.4.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheywould____________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.考点清单五、情态动词shall,should和oughtto用法归纳用法示例1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。Shall

Tomgotherewithmetomorrow?

明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗?2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。You

shall

getananswerfrommetomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。3.should/oughtto表示责任，义务，意为“应该”,否定式为shouldnot/oughtnotto。You

shouldn’t

besocareless.

你不应该这么粗心大意。Humansoughttostoppollutingnature.人类应停止污染大自然。OughtItohandinmycompositionnow?我现在就应该把作文交上吗?4.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”。It

should

beMikewhohastakenawayallthematerials.

应该是迈克拿走了所有的材料。5.should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于Itisnecessarythat…句型。It’ssurprisingthatMary

should

lovesuchapersonasJack.

玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人,真是奇怪。6.shouldhavedone表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。Itwasaneasytestandheshouldhavepassed,buthedidn’t.那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。Youshouldhavetoldherthetruth.你本应该告诉她真相的。7.suggest,order,requirethat…从句常用“shoulddo”,should可省。Isuggestthatwe(should)havelunchrightnow.我建议我们现在就吃午饭。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack_________behereatanymoment.2.I’mfeelingsick.Ishouldn’t___________(eat)somuchicecream.3.Iwonderwhythey’resolate.They___________havebeenheretwohoursago.4.Hedemands(that)he____________(tell)everything.5.HedemandsthatJohn______________(send)thereatonce.考点清单六、情态动词need和dare用法归纳用法示例1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。NeedIhandinmyhomeworknow？我现在就要交家庭作业吗？Ineedn’tgothisweek.这星期我不必去。2.needn’thavedone表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。Ineedn’thaveborrowedthemoneyyesterday.昨天我根本不需要借钱的。3.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。needdoing=needtobedone表示需要做。Myshirtneedsabutton.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。Mycarneedsrepairing=Mycareneedstoberepaired.我的车该修理了。4.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。Hedarenotdrivetoofastontherainyday.下雨天他不敢开得太快。Iwonderhowhedaresaysuchthings.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。5.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。Hedaredmetojumpoverthestream.他激我跳过小溪。Didanyonedaretoadmitit?有人敢于承认吗？6.Idaresay...我想,大概,可能,或许…….Idaresaythingswillimprove.我想情况会好转的。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Hehasgrownup.Wedon't__________toworryabouthim.2.Hehasgrownup.We__________worryabouthim.3.Hehasgrownup.Thereisnoneed__________(worry)abouthim.4.He___________daretowalkatnightfifteenyearsago.5.He___________notwalkatnightfifteenyearsago.6.Hedaredme___________(jump)overthestream.7.Ifyou___________cheatinyourexam,Iwillgiveyousomepunishment.考点清单七、情态动词+havedone用法对比用法示例1.can’thavedone表示“不可能做了某事”。Themoneycan’thavebeenlostthere.钱不可能是在那儿丢的。Wherecanhehavegone?他可能到哪儿去了呢？2.couldhavedone本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可能做了某事”。Youcouldhavebeenmoreconsiderate.你其实可以想的更周到些。Shecouldn’thaveleftsosoon.她不可能这么快就走了。3.may/mighthavedone表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。Hemayhavegonetobed.他可能已经上床睡觉了。Shemightnothavesettledtheproblem.她可能尚未解决那个问题。4.musthavedone表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”，只用于肯定句中。Thestreetsarewet.Itmusthaverained.街道是湿的，准是下雨了。Hemusthavebeendrinkingbeer.他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。5.should/oughttohavedone表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。Sheshould/oughttohavegonetherealone.她本该一个人去那里的。6.shouldn’thavedone表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。Theboyshouldn’thavebeenplayingthepiano.那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。7.needn’thavedone表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。Youneedn'thavecomesoearly.你不必那么早来嘛。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Butforhistimelyhelp,we___________havefinishedourtaskinsuchashorttime.2.Mary’sbedroomissotidy.She________havecleanedityesterday.3.Therewerenosignsthatthefirehadbeensetdeliberately.Itmight________(cause)byacigaretteend,Iguess.4.I______haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.5.George_________havegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.四、情态动词用法分类训练分类训练（一）高考真题（语法填空）在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2024全国甲卷）Whatshould65(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.2.（2024浙江1月卷）However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes__________(offer)insmallerpacks.3.（2023全国甲卷）Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill_________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.4.（2022浙江卷）Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting_________(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?5.（2020全国III卷）Theartistwassurehewould_________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.分类训练（二）高考真题（单项填空）1.（2023·天津·高考卷）We_________botherwithdetails,forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus.A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t2.（2021·天津·高考卷）Ihonestlydon'tthinkI'mgoingtobeadmitted.Well,youneverknow!You________abetterimpressionthanyouthink.A.mayhavemadeB.shouldhavemadeC.couldn'thavemadeD.needn'thavemade3.（2021·天津·高考卷）Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A.need B.should C.could D.must4.（2017·全国·高考卷）Whalebreathethroughlungsjustaswehumansdo，sothey_______comeupforair.A.may B.can C.might D.must5.（2020·江苏·高考卷）IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbe B.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen6.（2020·天津·高考卷）Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should7.（2020·天津·高考卷）You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't8.（2018·天津·高考卷）—What’swrongwiththedoor?—Thekeyhasgotstuckinitand______comeout.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t9.（2019·天津·高考卷）Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount________usemobilephonesinhisclass.A.shouldthey B.theyshouldC.darethey D.theydare10.（2019·天津·高考卷）Pauldidagreatjobinthespeechcontest.Hemanytimeslastweek.A.needhavepractised B.mightpractiseC.musthavepractised D.couldpractise11.（2015·四川·高考卷）You_____becarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!A.must B.may C.can D.will12.（2015·天津·高考卷）I______haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.A.mightn’t B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.couldn’t13.（2015·重庆·高考卷）You________beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.A.must B.can C.will D.shall14.（2015·福建·高考卷）—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.A.must B.can C.would D.should15.（2014·重庆·高考卷）I’veorderedsomepizza,sowe_______worryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A.can’t B.darenot C.needn’t D.maynot16.（2017·天津·高考卷）Someone____thetapon,forthewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.A.couldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.shouldhaveleft17.（2018·北京·高考卷）Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.shouldC.can D.must18.（2018·天津·高考卷）Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft19.（2017·天津·高考卷）Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A.daren’t B.shouldn’tC.needn’t D.mustn’t20.（2017·北京·高考卷）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.must B.shouldC.can D.need21.（2015·浙江·高考卷）Itwassonoisythatwehearourselvesspeak.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’tC.mustn’t D.needn’t22.（2011·重庆·高考卷）—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimply________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.could B.mightC.would D.should23.（2011·北京·高考卷）—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnot24.（2011·湖南·高考卷）Noone________becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.A.can B.need C.must D.might25.（2010·辽宁·高考卷）Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit__________beregularexercise.A.can B.will C.must D.may分类训练（三）名校模拟（单句填空）1.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;I________havemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.2.Inhumans,babies________putaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage.3.Itusedtobethatyou____________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.4.Ibelievehe________takeyourconditionintocarefulconsideration.5.Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourlife,you________believeinyourself.6.Officialssaytheyarenotsureexactlywhatpersuadedtheelephantstomaketheirlongtrip;someexpertssaytheelephants________haveleftbecausetheirleader________havegottenlost.7.However,itmaybenoteasytocheerupyourfriendswhenyou________bebytheirside.8.Ageneticist(遗传学家)saysthatindividualswhoareeffortlesslythin________holdthekeytounderstandingobesity.9.________youmakesomuchnoise?10.Withourschool'sannualSportsDayapproaching,I________helpthinkingofmysportsexperience.11.Ican'tfindCharlieanywhere;Ithinkthemailman________haveforgottentoclosethegate.12.Darling,oursonhasgrownupandisquiteindependentnow;you________betooconcernedabouthim.13.Ican'tunderstandwhyhe________havebeensoangry;Imeantnooffence.14.You________nothavesuccessrightaway,butthatdoesn'tmeanyou________haveitatall.15.Accordingtotheschoolrule,nochild________beallowedoutoftheschool,unlessaccompaniedbyhisorherownparents.16.Healthyyoungpeople________havehomebloodtestveryoften.17.IncollegeIhadbeentaughtthatasuccessfuleducator________ignorebadbehavior.htogetherandbeinthelibrary,workingsilentlyside­by­side.19.Ithadthesoldier'snameandarmynumber,sohesupposedthatthemessage________bereal.20.Whenyouintroducemetothebusinessman,________youpleasesaysomethingforme?分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创）USstudentsgogreenatexchangecampinFujianUScollegestudentsareexperiencingChinafirsthandthroughaculturalexchangeprogram1aimstofosterenvironmentalawareness.TheChina-USYouthExchangeCamp,whichbeganonMondayatthe