四川省平昌中学等校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

四川省平昌中学高2023级第三学期入学考试题英语考试时间：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3、答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4、所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5、考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第一部分听力分（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1Whatisthemaninterestedin?AThefood.B.Thewine.C.Theculture.2.Howdoesthemansound?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Disappointed.3.Whatdoesthewomanmainlywanttodo?A.Goshopping.B.Savemoney.C.Buyanewhouse.4.Whenwillthemanwatchthemovie?A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextTuesday.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inacinema.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7小题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Competitors.C.Colleagues.7.WhatdoesElainethinkoftheman?A.Shy.B.NervousC.Sociable.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthetimenow?A.Around6:00p.m.B.Around6:30p.m.C.Around7:00p.m9.Inwhichdirectionwerethespeakerssupposedtodrive?A.South.B.North.C.East.10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingajoke.B.GivingdirectionsC.Blamingthewoman听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakerslookingat?A.Aphone.B.Apicture.C.Amap.12.Wheredothespeakerswanttogo?A.Totheforest.B.Tothelake.C.Totherocks.13.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Startwalking.B.Makeacall.C.Haveadrink.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.HowlonghasthemanbeeninChina?A.Foramonth.B.Forayear.C.Foradecade.15.HowdidthemanfeelabouthisearlyexperienceinChina?A.Lonely.B.Happy.C.Busy.16.Wheredoesthemanmeetaproblem?A.Atthebank.B.Attheshop.C.Atthebarber's.17.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoforhismainproblem?A.Writeanote.B.Carrysomecash.C.ConsultaChinese.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatistheagedifferencebetweentwocouple?A.Oneyear.B.Twoyears.C.Threeyears.19.Howdidthecouple'sdaughterfeelafterseeingthefilm?A.Amused.B.Moved.C.Uninterested.20.Whatisthestoryabout?A.Thefilmindustryinthe1960s.B.Theweddingtraditionsinthe1960s.C.Thediscoveryofaweddingfilminthe1960s.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，.选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWinterisforworkinghard;summerisforplayinghard.FromtheBahamastoAmsterdam,wehaveseveralmostappealingsummervacationspotsforyoutochoosefrom.TheBahamasWhilethereisariskofgettingrainedonduringhurricaneseason,Junegenerallyseesmildweather,fewercrowdsandsignificantlylowerprices.WhilesomeresortsintheOutIslandsmayclose,NewProvidenceandParadiseIslandremainopenyear-round.It’sagoodchoiceforfamilieslookingforatasteofrelaxingislandliving.MackinacIsland,MIMackinacIsland,20minutesbyboatfromeithertheUpperorLowerPeninsulaofMichigan,comesaliveonsummerweekends.Mostofitsroughly4squaremilesisparkland,suitableforhikingandcycling.Besuretotakeinthebeautifularchitecture—VictoriancottagesthatdatebacktojustaftertheCivilWar.Youcanhaveatasteoftimesgoneby;carswerebannedmorethanahundredyearsago,andhorse-drawncarriagesarestillusedtogetaroundtoday.AmsterdamSummeristheidealtimetovisitthiscity.Thegrayskieshavelifted,festivalsaboundandeventstoenjoyincludetheOpenGardenDays,whenvisitorscanpeekintotheprivategardensbehindthebeautifulhousesthatlinethefamouscanals.Youcanexperienceurbanadventure,crossingAmsterdam’sthousandsofbridgesandwaterwaysbybikeandbyboatinsearchoftheperfectbrowncafé.OceanCity,MDThisEastCoastbeachtownisbestknownforitsboardwalk,whichisknownforold-schoolamusementrides.Cyclinginthetownisalsoagreatpleasure.Grabyourwalletsandfeastonhard-shelledcrabsatHooper’scrabhouseordrinkinthesunsetwithalocalbeerinhandfromFager’sIslandRestaurant&Bar’slargebayfrontdecksParkingisfreewithyourconsumingreceipt.Youcan’tmissaclassicwalkalongtheboardwalkandthetasteofThrasher’svinegarandOldBayFrenchfries1.Wherecouldyougoifyouwanttoenjoyabitofhistory?A.TheBahamas B.MackinacIsland. C.Amsterdam. D.OceanCity.2.Accordingtothetext,whatcanyouexperienceinAmsterdam?A.Exploringwaterwaysinaboat B.EatingseafoodinthesunsetC.Enjoyinglifeonislandswithfamily D.Ridinghorse-drawncarriages.3.WhatdoMackinacIslandandOceanCityhaveincommon?A.Theyprovidefreeparking B.TheyhavesnackstoofferC.Theyaresuitableforcycling D.Theyhaveancienttouristspots【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个夏季旅游胜地，包括巴哈马、麦基诺克岛、阿姆斯特丹和海洋城，提供了关于这些地方的天气、景点、活动和特色美食等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MackinacIsland,MI下的“Besuretotakeinthebeautifularchitecture—VictoriancottagesthatdatebacktojustaftertheCivilWar.Youcanhaveatasteoftimesgoneby;carswerebannedmorethanahundredyearsago,andhorse-drawncarriagesarestillusedtogetaroundtoday.(一定要去看看美丽的建筑——维多利亚时代的小屋，它们可以追溯到内战后不久。你可以品尝到逝去的时光；汽车在一百多年前就被禁止了，今天人们仍然使用马车出行)”可知，如果你想享受一点历史，你可以去MackinacIsland,MI。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Amsterdam下的“Thegrayskieshavelifted,festivalsaboundandeventstoenjoyincludetheOpenGardenDays,whenvisitorscanpeekintotheprivategardensbehindthebeautifulhousesthatlinethefamouscanals.Youcanexperienceurbanadventure,crossingAmsterdam’sthousandsofbridgesandwaterwaysbybikeandbyboatinsearchoftheperfectbrowncafé.(灰色的天空已经消失，节日和活动比比皆是，包括开放花园日，游客可以在著名运河两旁的美丽房屋后面窥视私人花园。你可以体验城市冒险，骑自行车或乘船穿过阿姆斯特丹成千上万的桥梁和水道，寻找完美的棕色咖啡馆)”可知，游客在Amsterdam可以体验乘船探索水道。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MackinacIsland,MI下的“Mostofitsroughly4squaremilesisparkland,suitableforhikingandcycling.(它大约4平方英里的大部分是公园，适合徒步旅行和骑自行车)”以及OceanCity,MD下的“Cyclinginthetownisalsoagreatpleasure.(在城里骑自行车也是一种极大的乐趣)”可知，MackinacIsland和OceanCity的共同之处是：它们适合骑自行车。故选C项。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher. B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill. D.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts. B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments. D.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thepublicinvolvement. B.Thecouple’scommitment.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Humorousandelegant. B.Influentialandunderstanding.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用)”可知，麦金太尔觉得自己比其他人幸运因为她有医疗保障。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(这对夫妇在一个网站上建立了一个页面，为这个目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集到大约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，第四段的主要内容是公众参与。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麦金太尔和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠下的钱远远超过了他们的支付能力)”可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境，结合第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力。故可推知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人。故选B。CIt’scommonlyacknowledgedthatourlivesareruledbyalgorithms(算法),buthavewereallycollectivelyunderstoodhowtheyhavetransformedourcultureandpersonality?InFilterworld:Howalgorithmsflattenedculture,KyleChaykaarguesconvincinglythattheriseofalgorithm-drivenfeeds,usedeverywhereonlinefromInstagramtoSpotify,hasledtoamoreuniformculture.Ourtastesanddesiresincreasinglydon’tbelongtous,buttoalgorithmsthataredesignedtokeeppeopleengagedatallcosts.Ifthecollectionofourtastestrulyshapesourentirepersonality,thenthislossismorepsychologicallydamagingthanitfirstappears.Aimlesslyscrolling(滚屏)throughNetflixorTikTokmayseemharmless,butoverdays,monthsoryears,welosetouchwithwhatwelikeandenjoy.Taste-makingalgorithmsareinescapable.Chaykashowsthisbyworkingthroughallcornersoflife:whatwewear(TikTok),whereweeat(GoogleMaps),musicwelistento(Spotify),evenwhowedateormarry(Tinder).Thisuniverseofalgorithm-drivendecisionshassociety-wideimplications:“Itextendstoinfluenceourphysicalspaces,ourcities,andtherouteswemovethrough…flatteningtheminturn.”NoonegetsoutoftheFilterworlduntouched.Ifyou’reluckyenoughnottoneedanysortofalgorithm-basedsystemforyourwork,thenyouhavetheoptiontostepbackfromalgorithmsforawhile.ButifyourfriendsuggestsafilmrecommendedonX/Twitteroryoufeeltheneedtobuythoseshoessuddenlyeveryonehasstartedwearingaftersocialmediaadvertisements,whatareyoutodo?Itallfeelsfruitless.ThisFilterworldmaybeinescapable,butthereishope.Youcanstartbyengagingmorewiththemediayoudochoosetoconsume.Thiscouldmeanreadingupaboutafilmyouwatchedorpayingartistsyoulikedirectly.Eventhethoughtfulactofrecommendinganalbum(专辑)toafriendismorerewardingthanarandomTikTokfeed.AsChaykasays,resistancetoalgorithms“requiresanactofwillpower,achoicetomovethroughtheworldinadifferentway.”8.WhatisKyleChayka’sopiniononalgorithms?A.Theyimproveourtastes. B.Theymakeourculturemorealike.C.Theyhelptoidentifyourpersonality. D.Theycontributetopsychologicalproblems.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph3referto?A.Thesocietywithadvancedtechnology. B.Theworldwithoutsocialmediaplatforms.C.Thenetworkofalgorithm-drivendecisions. D.Thecommunityfreefromalgorithmicinfluence.10.Whichofthefollowingisawaytoresisttheimpactofalgorithms?A.Limitingtheuseofsocialmediaplatforms. B.Makingchoicesbasedonfriends’suggestions.C.Gettingmoreinvolvedwiththeselectedmedia. D.Disconnectingfromsocialmediaadvertisements.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Algorithms:CulturalTakeover B.TheSecretofAlgorithmsC.SocialMedia:CulturalMessenger D.TheRiseofDigitalPlatforms【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InFilterworld:Howalgorithmsflattenedculture,KyleChaykaarguesconvincinglythattheriseofalgorithm-drivenfeeds,usedeverywhereonlinefromInstagramtoSpotify,hasledtoamoreuniformculture.Ourtastesanddesiresincreasinglydon’tbelongtous,buttoalgorithmsthataredesignedtokeeppeopleengagedatallcosts.(在《过滤器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一书中，KyleChayka令人信服地指出，从Instagram到Spotify，算法驱动的信息流在网上无处不在，它的兴起导致了一种更加统一的文化。我们的品味和欲望越来越不属于我们自己，而是属于那些旨在不惜一切代价让人们参与其中的算法。)”可知，KyleChayka对算法的看法是它们使我们的文化更加相似。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thisuniverseofalgorithm-drivendecisionshassociety-wideimplications:“Itextendstoinfluenceourphysicalspaces,ourcities,andtherouteswemovethrough…flatteningtheminturn.”(这种由算法驱动的决策对整个社会都有影响：“它延伸到影响我们的物理空间、城市和我们走过的路线……反过来使它们扁平化。”)”可知，算法驱动的决策网络影响到了我们生活的各个方面，没有人能不受影响地从算法驱动的决策网络走出来。故划线部分指的是“算法驱动的决策网络”。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThisFilterworldmaybeinescapable,butthereishope.Youcanstartbyengagingmorewiththemediayoudochoosetoconsume.(这个“过滤世界”可能是不可避免的，但还是有希望的。你可以从更多地参与你选择消费的媒体开始。)”可知，更多地参与选定的媒体是抵抗算法影响的方法。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’scommonlyacknowledgedthatourlivesareruledbyalgorithms(算法),buthavewereallycollectivelyunderstoodhowtheyhavetransformedourcultureandpersonality?(人们普遍认为，我们的生活是由算法控制的，但我们真的理解了它们是如何改变我们的文化和个性的吗？)”结合文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。可知，A选项“算法：文化接管”最符合文章标题。故选A。DIfyourpartnergetsdownononekneetopropose,oryougetacallwiththejoboffer,yourreactionmightbetoshoutitfromtherooftops.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatkeepinggoodnewsasecretbeforetellingsomeoneelsecouldmakepeoplefeelmoreenergized.“Decadesofresearchonsecrecysuggestitisbadforourwell-being.However,thisworkhasonlyexaminedkeepingsecretsthathavenegativeeffectsforourlives.Issecrecyinherentlybadforourwell-beingordothenegativeeffectsofsecrecytendtooriginatefromkeepingnegativesecrets?”askedleadresearcherofthelatestresearchMichaelSlepian,PhD,aprofessorofbusinessatColumbiaUniversity.Intheexperiment,someparticipantswereaskedtoreflectonthegoodnewstheykeptsecret,whileothersreflectedongoodnewsthatwasnotsecret,andthenratedhowenergizedthenewsmadethemfeelandwhethertheyintendedtosharethenewswithsomeoneelse.Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhoreflectedontheirpositivesecretsreportedfeelingmoreenergizedthantheparticipantswhothoughtabouttheirgoodnewsthatwasnotsecret.Theresearchnuancesourunderstandingofthescienceofsecrets.Negativesecretstendtodepleteusandhavealsobeenlinkedtoanxietyanddepression.Positivesecrets,however,seemtohaveanenergizingeffectandmakepeoplealive.Onefactorcouldbethatpeopleoftenhavedifferentmotivationsforkeepinggoodnewstothemselves.Thosewithpositivesecretsweremuchmorelikelytokeepquietforinternalreasons,notbecausetheyfeltanyoutsidepressures.“Peoplesometimesgotogreatlengthstoplanrevealingapositivesecrettomakeitallthemoreexciting.Thiskindofsurprisecanbeintenselyenjoyable,butsurpriseisthemostfleetingofouremotions,”Slepiansaid.“Havingextratimedays,weeksorevenlonger-toimaginethejoyfulsurpriseonanotherperson’sfaceallowsusmoretimewiththisexcitingmoment,evenifonlyinourownminds.”12.WhatdidMichaelSlepianthinkofthepreviousresearchonsecrecy?A.One-sided. B.Pointless. C.Convincing. D.Pioneering.13.Intheexperiment,someparticipantsweremoreenergizedbecause______.A.theywereoptimisticandcheerful.B.theywerefreefromsecrets.C.theyhadundisclosedpositivesecrets.D.theyhadsharedgoodnewswithothers.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Spoil. B.Exhaust. C.Confuse. D.Panic.15.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatdidSlepiansuggestreadersdo?A.Neverrevealasecretcasually.B.Letyourimaginationrunwild.C.Becreativewhensurprisingothers.D.Delaysharingapositivesecret.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哥伦比亚大学的教授MichaelSlepian关于保密的研究，他发现在告诉别人之前把好消息保密可以使人们感到更有活力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Decadesofresearchonsecrecysuggestitisbadforourwell-being.However,thisworkhasonlyexaminedkeepingsecretsthathavenegativeeffectsforourlives.Issecrecyinherentlybadforourwell-beingordothenegativeeffectsofsecrecytendtooriginatefromkeepingnegativesecrets?”（几十年来对保密的研究表明，保密对我们的健康有害。然而，这项工作只研究了保守对我们的生活有负面影响的秘密。保密是天生对我们的幸福有害，还是保密的负面影响往往源于保守负面秘密？）可知，MichaelSlepian认为以前的研究只关注了保守负面秘密的影响，很片面，忽视了保守积极秘密的影响，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhoreflectedontheirpositivesecretsreportedfeelingmoreenergizedthantheparticipantswhothoughtabouttheirgoodnewsthatwasnotsecret.”（研究人员发现，反思他们积极秘密的参与者比思考他们不是秘密的好消息的参与者感到更有活力。）可知，一些参与者因为他们有未公开的积极秘密而感到更有活力，故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Negativesecretstendtodepleteusand

havealsobeenlinkedtoanxietyanddepression.”（消极的秘密往往会deplete，也与焦虑和抑郁症有关。）可推知，负面的秘密有不利影响，往往会耗尽我们。故deplete在此处意为“耗尽”，故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Peoplesometimesgotogreatlengthstoplanrevealingapositivesecrettomakeitallthemoreexciting.Thiskindofsurprisecanbeintenselyenjoyable,butsurpriseisthemostfleetingofouremotions”（人们有时会不遗余力地计划透露一个积极的秘密，让它变得更加令人兴奋。这种惊喜可能非常令人愉快，但惊喜是我们情绪中最短暂的。）和“Havingextratimedays,weeksorevenlonger-toimaginethejoyfulsurpriseonanotherperson’sfaceallowsusmoretimewiththisexcitingmoment,evenifonlyinourownminds.”（有额外的时间——几天，几周甚至更长的时间——想象别人脸上的喜悦惊喜，让我们有更多的时间享受这个激动人心的时刻，即使只是在我们自己的脑海中。）可推知，告诉别人之前把好消息保密可以使人们感到更兴奋，Slepian建议读者延迟分享积极的秘密，故选D。第二节（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Rockclimbinghasbecomeamainstreampleasureenjoyedbymany.Thenaturalworldoffersathrillingadventurethroughbeautifulenvironmentsfilledwithwildlife.However,rockclimbinghappensinplacesthataregenerallyhardtoaccessandunsuitableforagriculturalexpansionandurbanization.Asaresult,theyhavegenerallysufferedlesshumanimpactandtheareastendtobeimportantsitesforbiodiversity.___16___Withthesportbooming,theamazingbiodiversitysustainedbycliffecosystemsisunderpressure.___17___Givingnestingbirdssomeplaceiswhatclimberscando.Thepresenceofclimbersatthecliffwherebirdsarenestingtendstocausethemtoabandontheirchickstostarvation.Climbersshouldcheckinadvanceifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictions.Thisinformationisusuallyavailableonclimbingguidebooks.___18___Ifclimbersspotanest,trytoleaveanoteandfindawaytocommunicatethistotherestofthelocalclimbingcommunity.Somecliff-specialistplantspecieshaveverynarrowranges.Ifasuitablehabitatisrare,theyhavefewopportunitiestogrowelsewhere.However,climberscanremovevegetationandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbefore.___19___Soclimbersshouldkeeptheimpactonvegetationinmindwhendevelopingnewclimbingroutes.Eventheycanworkwithotherroutedevelopersandconservationiststounderstandthepotentialimpactontheplants.Thenumberofclimbersheadingouttothesecliffsisincreasingatanastonishingpace.Itisessentialforclimberstoknowwhattheycandofortheprotectionofthecliffecosystem.___20___Pleasehelpthosewithlessexperienceandknowledgebysharingtheinformationaboutclimbingandbiodiversitydamage!A.Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.B.Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseofferedtocheck.C.Therefore,everyclimberisresponsibleforprotectingthecliffecosystem.D.Evenclimberscanasktheclimbinggymtoorganiseadiscussionaboutthistopic.E.Seeminglyastraightforwardwayistospreadthewordaboutthesegoodpractices.F.Thesedatacanthenbeaccessedbyscientiststoavoidenvironmentalissuesoncliffs.G.Forexample,40%ofsportclimbingareasinSpainarefoundinnatureprotectionareas.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“攀岩运动对悬崖生态系统及生物多样性的影响”这一主题展开，通过阐述攀岩活动对鸟类、植物等生物的影响，以及攀岩者可以采取的保护措施，来提醒和呼吁攀岩者关注并保护悬崖生态系统。【16题详解】根据上文的“However,rockclimbinghappensinplacesthataregenerallyhardtoaccessandunsuitableforagriculturalexpansionandurbanization.Asaresult,theyhavegenerallysufferedlesshumanimpactandtheareastendtobeimportantsitesforbiodiversity.(然而，攀岩活动通常发生在交通不便、不适合农业扩张和城市化的地方。因此，它们通常受到较少的人类影响，而且这些地区往往是生物多样性的重要地点。)”可知，本空应继续谈论攀岩活动发生的地区。选项G“Forexample,40%ofsportclimbingareasinSpainarefoundinnatureprotectionareas.(例如，西班牙40%的运动攀岩区位于自然保护区。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据下文的“Givingnestingbirdssomeplaceiswhatclimberscando.Thepresenceofclimbersatthecliffwherebirdsarenestingtendstocausethemtoabandontheirchickstostarvation.Climbersshouldcheckinadvanceifthereareanybirdnestingrestrictions.Thisinformationisusuallyavailableonclimbingguidebooks.(给筑巢的鸟一些地方是攀登者能做的。在鸟类筑巢的悬崖上，登山者的出现往往会导致它们把雏鸟饿死。攀登者应事先查询有关雀鸟筑巢的限制。这些信息通常可以在登山指南书上找到。)”可知，这里需要一个提供信息来源的选项。选项B“Andsomeorganizationshaveanonlinedatabaseofferedtocheck(一些组织有一个在线数据库可供查询。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选B。【18题详解】根据下文的“Ifclimbersspotanest,trytoleaveanoteandfindawaytocommunicatethistotherestofthelocalclimbingcommunity.(如果登山者发现了一个巢穴，试着留下一张纸条，并找到一种方法与当地攀岩社区的其他人交流。)”可知，下文举例进行了说明应该如何处理这些数据，选项应该提出正确的方法。选项E“Seeminglyastraightforwardwayistospreadthewordaboutthesegoodpractices.(似乎一个简单的方法是传播这些良好做法。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】根据上文的“Somecliff-specialistplantspecieshaveverynarrowranges.Ifasuitablehabitatisrare,theyhavefewopportunitiestogrowelsewhere.However,climberscanremovevegetationandsoilwhenestablishingaroutethathasnotbeenclimbedbefore.(一些悬崖特有的植物种类分布范围很窄。如果合适的栖息地很少，它们就没有机会在其他地方生长。然而，登山者在建立以前没有攀登过的路线时可以清除植被和土壤。)”可知，这里需要一个说明这种行为对崖生态系统造成坏的结果的选项。选项A“Thiscanwipeoutthecliffecosystemthatwastherepreviously.(这可能会摧毁以前存在的悬崖生态系统。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】根据下文的“Pleasehelpthosewithlessexperienceandknowledgebysharingtheinformationaboutclimbingandbiodiversitydamage!(请通过分享攀岩和生物多样性破坏的信息来帮助那些经验和知识较少的人！)”可知，本空应谈论登山者的责任。选项C“Therefore,everyclimberisresponsibleforprotectingthecliffecosystem.(因此，每个登山者都有责任保护悬崖生态系统。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选C。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Staton,onceaMarylandsanitation（公共卫生）worker,wasacceptedtoHarvardLawSchool.His___21___Americansuccessstorywentviral.“AlthoughIget___22___fordiligence,workinghardwastheeasypartbecauseIcouldcontrolthat,”saidStaton.“ButIjusthappenedtobearoundpeoplewhocaredenoughaboutme.”FromearlyonStatonunderstoodthe___23___oflife.Hismother___24___thefamilywhenhewas8.HeandolderbrotherReggiewereraised___25___bytheirdad.Thefamilyofthreestruggledtomakeends___26___.Hesawhisfamily'scontinualstruggletostay___27___theuphillbattletodobetter.Afterhighschool,Statonquittheadmissiontoacollegeandworkedinatrashcompany,wherehisco-workers___28___himtodomorewithhislifeandgotocollege.Itmotivatedhim.Ayearlater,hefoundhis___29___totheUniversityofMaryland.Butheknewtheeffortandsacrificewerenothis____30____.Reggiedroppedoutofcollegetohelpwiththefamilyfinanceswhenhisfatherhadastroke,____31____Statontofinishcollege.The____32____forabetterlifeforhisfamilywasthemainreasonheappliedtolawschoolforthefurtherstudy.Statonwas____33____tofiveoftheninelawschools,Harvardincluded.“Whenmystorywentviral,themediapresenteditasahappystory,somethinglike‘GarbageManAppliestoHarvard,____34____In',”hesaid.“ButIdiditto____35____myfamily.”21.A.odd B.self-made C.original D.self-controlled22.A.credit B.commitment C.bonus D.inspiration23.A.value B.abundance C.instability D.poverty24.A.abandoned B.abused C.sacrificed D.ruined25.A.pessimistically B.cautiously C.delicately D.solely26.A.cross B.depart C.hug D.meet27.A.afloat B.awake C.aboard D.alert28.A.witnessed B.permitted C.pushed D.assigned29.A.attitude B.way C.calling D.honor30.A.respectively B.alone C.literally D.along31.A.identifying B.accelerating C.guaranteeing D.praying32.A.profile B.project C.impression D.desire33.A.distributed B.covered C.offered D.dismissed34.A.Breaks B.Gets C.Admits D.Comes35.A.strengthen B.restore C.resolve D.save【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.D27.A28.C29.B30.B31.C32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了环卫工人斯塔顿被哈弗大学法学院录取的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在美国靠个人奋斗成功的故事迅速传播开来。A.odd古怪