职称英语卫生类b级模拟44

职称英语卫生类B级模拟44

第1部分：词汇选项

1>Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.

A.unableB.indecisiveC.readyD.reluctant

2、Thedepartmentchairmanrefusedtoauthorizetherequisition.

A.requestB.transferC.grantD.project

3、Thepriceofvegetablesfluctuatesaccordingtotheweather.

A.jumpsB.rises

C.fallsD.changes

4、Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnightzlackoffreshairisoftenthecause.

A.deliverB.fall

C.happenD.arrive

5、Duringhislifetimehewasabletoaccumulatequiteafortune.

A.controlB.spend

C.collectD.exchange

6、NewYorkisratedsecondintheproductionof850,000,000dollarsthisyear.

A.rankedB.occupied

C.arrangedD.classified

7、Frommystandpointzthisthingisjustridiculous.

A.fieldC.knowledge

B.pointofviewD.information

8、Iamverysorryforringingyoulatelastnight.

A.simplyB.terriblyC.eagerlyD.largely

9、Shewasclosetosuccess.

A.fastB.quick

C.nearD.tight

10>Ihavebeentryingtogiveupsmoking.

A.giveoffB.putupC.quitD.

accept

11、Beijingisapleasantplacewithconvenienttransportationandcommunication

system.

A.shockingB.pleasing

C.boringD.surprising

12>Accordingtothescienceofaerodynamics,theshapeofanobjectinfluences

theamountofdragcreatedbyairflowingaroundit.

A.formB.sizeC.weightD.interior

13、Youdon11needtocarrylargeamountsofcash；actuallyallfinancial

businesseswillbeconductedbycomputers.

A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.

transportation

14、JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle

A.cooperating

B.competing

C.combining

D.arguing

15、Thediscoverywassensational.

A.sexyB.surprisingC.exceptionalD.

exciting

第2部分：阅读判断

ChangesinMuseums

Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visit,

theyareplacestoenjoyandlearn.

AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canada,youcanfeelyourhairstandon

endasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan

（大城市的）MuseumofArtinNewYorkCity,youcanlookattheseventeenthcentury

instrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork'sAmericanMuseum

ofNaturalHistoryrecently,youcanhelpmakeabone-by-honereproduction

ofthemuseum*sdinosaur（恐龙），abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.

Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhen

theycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsz

forexample,therearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouch,

listen,operatezandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesfor

himself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeel

athomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstand

sciencewillprobablyfearit,andthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseit

tobestadvantage.

Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.

Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.

Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.Leon

F.Twiggs,ayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid,"Theyseethingsina

newanddifferentway,Theyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksof

art；theywantarttheycanparticipate（参力口）in.”Thesameistrueofscience

andhistory.

16>Whenvisitingmuseumsnowadays,peoplecantakepartinmanyactivities.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>NewYork1sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryisopenedrecently.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Insciencemuseumsnowadaysvisitorsarenotallowedtotouchoroperate

theobjectsondisplay.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Insciencemuseumstoday,peoplenolongerfeelstrangeintheworldOf

sciencebutgainscientificknowledgebythemselves.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、InAmericatoday,allsciencemuseumsareopentothepublicandfree.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Peoplecanaffordtogotthemodernmuseumssincetheyhavemoretime

now.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Youngpeoplewhoarewell-educatedlikethearttheycanparticipatein.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

A.Historyofthecity

B.Industriesofthecity

C.Populationgrowth

D.Education

E.Culturalcenter

F.Immigration

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.AtmosphericScientists

B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop

C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols

D.TheScientists*Agreement

E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion

F.GreenhouseGases

27、Paragraph2

28、Paragraph3

29、Paragraph4

30、Paragraph5

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

Anindependentinquiryintooutofhoursservicesoffamilydoctorsin

ScotlandhasconcludedthattheintroductionofGPcooperativeshasbeena

positivedevelopmentthatisbenefitingbothpatientsanddoctors.

Theworkinggroupthatdrewupthereport,however,hasexpressedsome

concernaboutthetreatmentofchildrenanddifficultiesfacedbysomepatients

inarrangingtheirowntransporttotraveltoemergencycenters.Improvements

arebeingsoughtbytheScottishOfficeontheseissuestoimprovethequality,

fairness,andresponsivenessofthesystem.

TheinquirywaspromptedbythedeathsoftwobabiesinAyrshireafter

thelocalcooperative,AyrshireDoctorsonCall,providedtelephoneadvice

butdeclinedrequestsforhomevisits.Parentsofthedeadchildrencriticized

thecooperativeforfailingtosendoutadoctor.

Theparentssupportedacampaignthatcalledforautomatichomevisits

tobeprovidedforcertaingroupsofpatientszsuchaschildrenandelderly

people.Thatideahasbeenrejectedbytheinquiryteam,whichsaidthatneither

patientnorprofessionalgroupsacceptedthevalueofpoliciesthatwould

provideautomatichomevisits.Instead,itisrecommendedthatcooperatives

carryoutmoreeffectivemonitoringoftreatmentforchildren,including

reviewingcomplaintsandcriticalincidents.

ThefirstGPcooperativeswereformedthreeyearsagototakeoverout

ofhourscallsfromindividualpractices,buttheywereestablishedwith

differentworkingpractices.Thereportnotesthatvariationexistsintransport

arrangements,withsomecooperativesprovidingfreetransporttoemergency

centersandothersrequiringpeopleoftenmaketheirownarrangements.Health

boardhavebeenorderedtoreportonthefairnessoftransportarrangements

intheirarea.

Guidelinesarealsotobeintroducedtoensurethatcooperativesareworking

tosimilarhighstandards.Theywillincludearrangementsthatwillallow

patientstomakecontactwithanoutofhoursservicewithasinglephone

call.InitiativesarealsoplannedtohelpGPsinruralareaswhohavebeen

unabletobenefitfromthedevelopmentofcooperatives.Anextra540000is

beingprovidedtopayforthesedevelopments.

31、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydealwith?

A.TheintroductionofGPcooperativeshasbeenanegativedevelopment.

B.GPCooperativesinScotlandbenefitpatientsanddoctors.

C.GPcooperativeshavesomedisadvantageswhichwoulddoharmtopatients.

D.GPcooperativesarewe11-developedinScotland.

32、Theworld"issues"isLine3Paragraph2canmostlybereplacedby.

A.problemsB.troubles

C.casesD.difficulties

33、TheservicesGPcooperativesprovideare.

A.medicaladviceonthephoneandtreatmentofpatientswhoaresent

tohospitals

B.arrangingambulanceforpatientsandhomevisitsforcertaingroups

ofpatients

C.homevisitsforchildrenandelderlypeople

D.establishmentemergencyward

34、Thefollowingstatementsconformtothepassageexcept.

A.GPcooperativeswereestablishedwithdifferentmedicalunits

B.transportarrangementsandqualityofservicesprovidedbydifferent

medicalunitsarenotofthesamestandards

C.patientsrequestforfairnessoftransportarrangements

D.cooperativesshouldmakeimprovementinthetreatmentofchildren

35>Theinquiryteam'sadvicetothecooperativesis.

A.tostrengthenthemonitoringroleinthetreatmentforchildren

B.toimprovethequality,fairnessofthesystem

C.tohelpGPsinthecities

D.tocooperatewithlocalhospitals

弟一^扁

LackofSleepIncreasestheRiskofCatchingaCold

Ascoldseasonapproaches,manyAmericansstockupontheirvitaminCand

Echinacea（紫锥花精油）.Butfallowingtheage-oldadviceaboutcatchingup

onsleepmightbemoreimportant.

Studieshavedemonstratedthatpoorsleepandsusceptibility（易受影响）

tocoldsgohandinhand,andscientiststhinkitcouldbeareflectionof

therolesleepplaysinmaintainingthebody1sdefenses.

InarecentstudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicine,scientistsfollowed

153menandwomenfortwoweeks,keepingmackoftheirqualityandduration

ofsleep.Then,duringafive-dayperiod,theyquarantined（进行检疫隔离）

thesubjectsandexposedthemtocoldviruses.Thosewhosleptanaverage

offewerthansevenhoursanight,itturnedout,werethreetimesaslikely

togetsickasthosewhoaveragedatleasteighthours.

Sleepandimmunity,itseems,aretightlylinked.Studieshavefoundthat

mammalsthatrequirethemostsleepalsoproducegreaterlevelsofdisease

-fightingwhitebloodcells--butnotredbloodcells,eventhoughbothare

producedinbonemarrow（骨髓）andstemfromthesameprecursor（前体物）.And

researchersattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyhave

shownthatspeciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens

（病原体）.

HH

SpeciesthathaveevolvedlongersleepdurationszthePlanckscientists

wrotez"appeartobeabletoincreaseinvestmentintheirimmunesystemsand

bebetterprotected."

36>WhatdomanyAmericansdointheefforttoavoidcoldinwinter?

A.TheytakevitaminCanduseEchinacea.

B.Theysleepmoreasthescientistssuggest.

C.Theytrytostayindoorsasmuchaspossible

D.Theysleeplesstomaketimeforexercise.

37、WhatdidthescientistsdointhestudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicine?

A.Theycheckedthesubjects*healthproblemsandgaveadvice.

B.Theymaderecordofthesubjects1qualityandlengthofsleep.

C.Theyexposedthesubjectstodifferentkindsofviruses.

D.Theygavemedicinetothesubjectswhohadcaughtcold.

38、Howlongdidtheexperimentlastaccordingtopassage?

A.Twoweeks.B.Aboutthreeweeks.

C.Formanyyears.D.ForFivedays.

39、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Scientistshaveprovedthelinkbetweensleepandimmunity.

B.Mammalsthatrequirethemostsleepproducemorebloodcells.

C.Speciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens.

D.Redbloodcellshelpthebodytofightagainstdiseases.

40、Whereiswhitebloodcellsproduced?

A.Inthebloodvessels.B.Intheheart.

C.Inbonemarrow.D.Intheprecursor.

卯—^桶

Withoutregularsuppliesofsomehormonesourcapacitytobehavewould

beseriouslyimpaired；withoutotherswewouldsoondie.Tinyamountsofsome

hormonescanmodifyourmoodsandouraction,ourinclinationtoeatordrink,

ouraggressivenessorsubmissiveness,andourreproductiveandparental

behavior.Andhormonesdomorethaninfluenceadultbehavior；earlyinlife

theyhelptodeterminethedevelopmentofbodilyformandmayevendetermine

anindividual'sbehavioralcapacities.Laterinlifethechangingoutputs

ofsomeendocrineglandsandthebody1schangingsensitivitytosomehormones

areessentialaspectsofthephenomenaofaging.

Communicationwithinthebodyandtheconsequentintegrationofbehavior

wereconsideredtheexclusiveprovinceofthenervoussystemuptothebeginning

ofthepresentcentury.Theemergenceofendocrinologyasaseparatediscipline

canprobablebetracedtotheexperimentsofBaylissandStarlingonthe

hormonesecretion.Thissubstanceissecretedfromcellsintheintestinal

wallswhenfoodentersthestomach；ittravelsthroughthebloodstreamand

stimulatesthepancreastoliberatepancreaticjuice,whichaidsindigestion.

Byshowingthatspecialcellssecretechemicalagentsthatareconveyedby

thebloodstreamandregulatedistanttargetorgansortissues,Baylissand

Starlingdemonstratedthatchemicalintegrationcanoccurwithout

participationofthenervoussystem.

Thetermnhormonenwasfirstusedwithreferencetosecretion.Starling

H

derivedthetermfromtheGreekhormonezmeaning"toexcitedorsetinmotion.

Theterm"endocrine"wasintroducedshortlythereafter,"Endocrinenisused

torefertoglandsthatsecreteproductsintothebloodstream.Theterm

"endocrine"contrastswith"exocrine"whichisappliedtoglandsthatsecrete

theirproductsthroughductstothesiteofaction.Examplesofexocrineglands

arethetearglands,thesweatglandszandthepancreaszwhichsecretes

pancreaticjuicethroughaductintointestine.Exocrineglandsarealsocalled

ductglands,whileendocrineglandsarecalledductless.

41、Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

A.Toexplainthespecificfunctionsofvarioushormones.

B.Toprovidegeneralinformationabouthormones.

C.Toexplainhowtheterm"hormone11evolved.

D.Toreportonexperimentsinendocrinology.

11

42、Theword"aggressivenessinPara.1zsentence2isclosestinmeaning.

A.offensiveB.invasion

C.assaultD.initiative

43、ThewordnsubmissivenessninPara.1,sentence3isclosestinmeaning

to.

A.servitudeB.docility

C.sublimityD.subordination

44、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaneffectofhormones?

A.Modificationofbehavior

B.Sensitivitytohungerandthirst

C.Aggressivefeelings

D.Maintenanceofbloodpressure

45、Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

A.Thehumanbodyrequireslargeamountsofmosthormones.

B.Synthetichormonescanreplaceaperson*snaturalsupplyofhormones

ifnecessary.

C.Thequantityofhormonesproducedandtheireffectsonthebodyare

relatedtoapersonsage.

D.Theshortchildofallparentverylikelyhadahormonedeficiency

earlyinlife.

第5部分：补全对话

TableMannersandCustoms

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouth

closed；notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate；usingtheknifeonly

forcutting；andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.46,Indeed,what

areconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritish

peopletryhardesttoavoid.47.

48.Tablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepast,andthe

ladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWestern

womendo.ManyJapanese,howeverstillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunless

theyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.

InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexist

sidebyside.

49,InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknife

down,laketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,

liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintheright

allthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritish

IslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknives

andforksareusedforeatingfish.50.

A.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,however,itiscorrecttokeepthesame

knifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

B.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollow

whentheyareeating,buttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.

C.ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave1,however,toa

greatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.

D.InArabia,forinstance,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwith

theirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatecdit.

E.Tablemannersandcustomshavechangedalotwiththetime.

F.IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvarious

countrieszalthoughtheyarenotsomarked.

第6部分：完形填空

SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens

Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettestonself-medicate'1against

theblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontreal

havefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens.

"Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminethe

perceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteensz"saysleadresearcherMichael

ChaitonzaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitofthe

UniversityofToronto.1153cigarettesmayappeartohave

self-medicating54ortoimprovemood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteens

whostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.H

Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20

questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.Secondaryschools

wereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantszurbanand

ruralschools,andschools56inhigh,moderateandlowsocio-economic

neighbourhoods.

Participantsweredividedintothree57：neversmokers；smokerswhodid

notusecigarettestoself-medicatezimprovemoodorphysical58；smokers

whousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusing

ascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings：had59goingtosleep

orstaying60；feltunhappyzsad,ordepressed；felthopelessaboutthe

future；feltvexed,antsyortense；andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.

"Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevated

depressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked；nsaysco-researcher

Jennifer01Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartment

ofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswho

reportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressive

symptoms.n

The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatuse

cigarettestofeelbetter.nIt*s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptom

scoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmoking

aftertheybegantosmoke,HsaysDr.Chaiton.

51、A.examineB.increaseC.decreaseD.diagnose

52>A.socialB.financialC.emotionalD.

political

53、A.WhateverB.AlthoughC.WheneverD,what

54、A.effectsB.methodsC.stepsD.

directions

55、A.besideB.beyondC.inD・about

56、A.exposedB・expandedC.locatedD.detect