衔接点02新课2Unit1Backtoschool（语法写作预习）（译林版2020）

新课2Unit1Backtoschool（语法写作预习）1.语法：句子成分和基本句型2.Writing：倡议书语法精讲：句子成分和基本句型句子成分概述：句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子成分是指在句中起着不同语法作用的部分。英语的句子成分(sentenceelements)主要有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。[观察例句]黑体部分在句中作什么成分？1．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.宾语2．TheyareChinesetravellingabroad.表语3．Inthemorningweoftenhearthebirdssingingmerrily.宾语补语4．Sheboughtherchildastorybook.间接宾语；直接宾语5．Thereisapictureonthewall.主语6．Themanageraskedthecollegestudenttoein.谓语7．Girlsprefertoseewomendoctors.定语8．Lighttravelsmostquickly.状语句子成分意义位置例句主语subject：S主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲述的对象.一般位于句首1.Theroomisveryclean.（名词）2.WeoftenspeakEnglish.（代词）3.Eightismyluckynumber.（数词）4ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.（动词不定式）5Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.(动名词）6.Whatweneedisfood.（句子）7.Thepoorareeverywhere.(the+形容词)谓语Verb：V谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态；谓语必须是动词，体现时态和语态一般放在主语之后谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语：a.情态动词+v:HecanspeakEnglish.b.助动词：Hedoesn'tlikespeakingChinese.c.系动词：Iamseeingthefilm.表语predicative：P说明主语的状况，性质，特征等系动词之后1.Iamateacher.（名词）2.Iamten.（数词）3.Hebecamerichandsuccessful.（形容词）4.Everyoneishere.（副词）5.Theyareathomenow.(介词短语）6.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）宾语object:O表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者动宾介宾1Heissittingonthepiano.（名词）2Heoftenhelpsme.（代词）3HelikestowatchTV.(动词不定式）4.HelikeswatchingTV.（动词ing)宾语补足语objectplement:C说明宾语的状况，性质，特征等宾语后1WecalledhimDongMing.（名词）

2Wesawhimplayingsoccer.（现在分词）3Wesawhimplaysoccer.(省to不定式)

4Wefoundmathdifficult.（形容词）状语adverbial:A修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的句子成分自由Tomrunsquickly.(副词）2.Igetupatsixeveryday.（名词）

3.Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.(介词短语）

4.Havingtofinishit,theboyneedsapen.（分词）5.Theboyneedsapentodohishomework(不定式)定语attributive定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的名词/代词前后1.Theseareappletrees.(名词)2.Themenherearebusyworkingonthefarm.(副词)3.Thereisnothingtodotoday.(不定式)4.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.(现在分词,过去分词短语)同位语appositive若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么后一项代词称为前一项的同位语名词/代词后1.Westudentsshouldstudyhard.2.ProfessorWang,afamousscientist,willgiveusatalk.分析下列句子成分1.eq\f(I,①)eq\f(apologized,②)toeq\f(her,③)eq\f(forsteppingonherfoot.,④)①主语②谓语③宾语④状语2.eq\f(Themeeting,①)eq\f(heldyesterday,②)eq\f(was,③)eq\f(important.,④)①主语②定语③系动词④表语3.eq\f(Don'tforget,①)eq\f(towakemeup,②)eq\f(atsixtomorrowmorning.,③)①谓语②宾语③状语4.eq\f(We,①)eq\f(saw,②)eq\f(them,③)eq\f(playingfootball,④)eq\f(ontheplayground.,⑤)①主语②谓语③宾语④宾补⑤状语5.eq\f(Everyday,①)eq\f(he,②)eq\f(wasforced,③)eq\f(toworkfrommorningtillnight.,④)①状语②主语③谓语④主补基本句型概述：按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。简单句有八种基本句型。[观察例句]下列句子属于什么句型？1．Everyonebreathes，drinksandeats.主谓2．TomcanspeakChinese.主谓宾3．Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.主系表4．Mysistertoldmeastory.主谓宾宾5．Wefindthebookinteresting.主谓宾补6．MyparentsliveinBeijing.主谓状7．Ilookedattheminpanic.主谓宾状8．Therearemanytreesaroundourschool.存现句1)A.主+谓（SV）这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。例如：Thewaterisboiling.水开了。Theyhavebeenwaiting.他们一直在那儿等。Thetrainwillleave.火车就要开了。2)B.主+谓+宾（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。），否则会视为"句子不完整"。Tomhasabrother.汤姆有一个弟弟。Theywantedtohavearest.他们想歇息一会儿。Hesuccessfullycarriedouthisplan.他成功地实行了他的计划。3)C.主+系+表(SP)英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：常见的系动词：1.表状态：be,keep,remain,stay(保持)2.表感官:look,feel,sound,smell,taste（~起来）3.表变化:bee,go,grow,turn,fall,get（变成）4.表似乎:seem,appear（相似、显得）5.表结果;prove(证明是),turnout(结果是)例如：Thismachineisingoodcondition.这台机器的情况良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.这座花园香气怡人。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。4)D.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVIODO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有：buy,bring,get,give,pass,read,tell,take,teach,write,award(授予某人……),hand(递给某人……),lend,leave,pay,rent,remend(将某人推荐给……),send,show等。例如：（注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。）Hebroughtmeacoat.他给我带来一件大衣。Passmethedictionary,please.请将词典递给我。Ilendhimmybicycle.我把自行车借给他了。5)E.主+谓+宾+宾补（SVOC）此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语+宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：ask,allow,appoint(任命),believe,call,cause,catch,consider,elect(选举),expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,smell,start,watch,tell,think,want,wish等等。例如：Weelectedhimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。Thenewsmademehappy.那消息使我很高兴。Weknowhimtobeanexpert.我们知道他是专家。Heheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.他听见有人在开门。Ifoundmyselfindark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。6)主语+谓语+状语（SVA）英语中的主语：一般位于句首是句子陈述的对象谓语：动词做谓语状语：一般副词做状语,表示时间,地点,原因,方式.等的也是状语主谓状1.Herunsfast其中he是主语run是谓语动词fast副词做状语2.Hegetsupearlyinthemorning.He是主语getup动词短语作谓语earlyinthemorning作状语。Theboyspokeloudlytohisteacher.Hespokeinalowvoice.Hetalkedtoomuch.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.7)主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.（时间状语）Unfortunately,Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.（时间状语）Ihadmyfirstmathsclassinseniorhighschool.（地点状语）8)therebe句型Therebe句型是英语中常用句型，意思是"有"，表示"人或事物的存在"或"某地有某物"。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词"那里"的含义Therebe句型中的be应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如：Thereisalamponthetable.Therearesomeapplesinthebowl.Therearefivebooks,twopensandarulerintheschoolbag.Thereisaruler,twopensandfivebooksintheschoolbag.一．Matchthesentencesbelowwiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersinthebrackets.aSVcSVOeSVOCgSVOAbSVPdSVOOfSVA1.Weathermattersagreatdeal.()2.Schoolmealsarefreshandhealthy.()3.Ourschooloffersstudentsabalanceddiet.()4.Abalanceddietkeepsthebodyhealthy.()5.Studentshavefreshfruitandvegetables.()6.AmylikeswatchingEnglishfilmsverymuch.()7.Englishlearningisinteresting,meaningfulandpractical.()8.FocusingonusingEnglishmakesEnglishlearningmoreeffective.()9.Thespeechbegan.()10.SheacquiresagoodknowledgeofEnglish.()f/b/d/e/c/g/b/e/a/c二．句子成分和结构1.Wearedancing2.Tomcanswimverywell.3.Youmustgettheyourworkfinishedbytomorrow.4.Hegavehisdaughtersomeadviceonreading.5.BothTomandJackenjoyreading.1.主谓（SV）2.主谓状（SVA）3.主谓宾补（SVOC）4.主谓宾宾（SVOO）5.主谓宾（SVO）三、根据要求翻译句子1.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。（主谓宾）__________________________________________________________________________2.冬季白天短，夜里长。（主系表）_____________________________________________________3.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。（双宾结构）________________________________________________________4.明天我要找人来修理机器。（主谓宾补）___________________________________________________________1.Youmustfinishingreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.2.Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.4.TomorrowIwillhavesomeonerepairthemachine.四．用所给句型翻译下列句子1．我每天起得很早。(SVA)Igetupveryearlyeveryday.2．今天下午我想和你谈谈。(SVOA)Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3．奶奶给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(SVIODO)Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstory.4．我要你把真相告诉我。(SVOC)Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.5．这个报告听起来很有意思。(SVP)Thereportsoundsinteresting.6．汤姆已经离开了。(SV)Tomhasleft.7．我们完成了作业。(SVO)Wehavefinishedourhomework.8．在拐角处有一家餐馆。(存现句)Thereisarestaurantaroundthecorner．写作精讲倡议书倡议书属于应用文的一种，由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。一般用将来时或一般现在时。题目常会给出标题、称呼、结尾、落款这四部分，考生只需完成正文即可。这类写作的正文包括倡议的目的、内容以及呼吁。[基本框架]1．开头——点明发出倡议的目的；2．主体——详细说明倡议的内容；3．结尾——对特定对象发出呼吁。注意事项：该体裁观点鲜明，情感真挚。观点鲜明，显示着说话者对一种理性认识的肯定，也显示着说话者对客观事物见解的透彻程度，能给人以可信性和可靠感，情感真挚才能打动人，引起共鸣。[常用词块]1．Nowadays，...Ashighschoolstudents，whatshouldwedo?现在，……作为高中生，我们应该做些什么呢？2．Inorderto...Ithinkweshouldtryourbesttodowhateverwecan.为了……我认为我们应该尽最大努力。3．NowIwouldliketocalloneveryonetopayattentionto...现在我想要呼吁大家关注……4．Inmyopinion，weshould...Onlyinthiswaycanwe....在我看来，我们应该……只有用这样的方法我们才能……5．Itwouldbebetterif...如果……，那就更好了。6．Itishightimethatwe...是我们……的时候了。7．Aslongasweworktogether，wecan...只要我们团结，就能……。8．Ifyouarewillingto...，please...如果你愿意……，请……[常用语句]※精彩开头1．WhatI'mtalkingabouttodayismydream.我今天要谈论的是我的梦想。2．It'snicetospeakaboutwhatwecandoforourschool，andIthinkeachofuscandosomething.很高兴谈谈我们能够为学校做些什么，我认为我们每个人都可做到。3．It'smyhonourtostandhereandsaysomethingaboutfriendship.很荣幸站在这里谈论关于友谊的话题。4．Nowadays，peopleinbigcitiesareplainingabouttheheavytraffic.现在，生活在大城市里的人们在抱怨严重的交通阻塞。5．Goodlisteningcanalwaysshowrespect，promoteunderstanding，andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.善于倾听能够显示出对于别人的尊重，促进相互理解，改善人际关系。※正文佳句1.Asweallknow，failureisthemotherofsuccess，butfewpeoplecanreallyunderstandwhatthesayingmeans.我们都知道失败是成功之母，但是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。2.NowifyouaskmewhatIwanttobewhenIgrowup，IwillsaywithouthesitationthatIwanttobeateacher，particularlyanEnglishteacher!如今你若问我长大想干什么，我会毫不犹豫地回答：我想当个老师，尤其是当一名英语老师！3．TodayIalsohaveadream—tomakeourcountrystrongerandmoreprosperous.今天我也有一个梦想——让我们的国家变得更加强大，更加繁荣。4.Fromthispointofview，wecanseemoreandmorepeopletendtoofferhelptothoseintrouble.从这个角度来看，我们可以看到越来越多的人倾向于帮助那些处于麻烦中的人。5.Noonecandenythefactthatexercisingregularlyandkeepingabalanceddietbenefitourhealthgreatly.没有人能够否认这一事实：经常锻炼和保持均衡的饮食对健康非常有益处。6.Thethingweshoulddoistoprotectthefacilitiesinourschool.我们应该做的是保护好我们学校的设施。※余味结尾1．Ifeveryonedoesonethingforourschool，Ibelievewewillturnourschoolintoabetterplacetostudyandlivein.如果每个人都为学校做些事情，我相信我们学校会变成一个更有利于大家学习和生活的地方。2．Inmyopinion，weshouldtrytodevelophealthyeatinghabitstobuildupastrongbody.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudybetter.在我看来，我们应该尽力养成健康的饮食习惯来强身健体。只有这样我们才能够拥有足够的精力以便于更好的学习。3．Aslongasweworktogether，wecanmaketheimpossiblepossible.只要我们众志成城，一切皆有可能。4．Ifyoucherishit，youwillhaveasuccessfullife!珍惜它，你就会拥有成功的生活。例题越来越多的汽车进入了我们的家庭，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如堵车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来了极大的危害。请你以学生会的名义，就交通安全问题用英语给全体学生写一封倡议书。内容包括：1．遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线；2．别在街道或马路上玩耍；3．劝父母不要酒后驾车。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：斑马线zebra­crossing【学生习作】Dearschoolmates，Moreandmorecarsareingintoourfamiliesandwearehappythattheyhavegreatlyimprovedourlife.Butunluckily，theyhavealsobroughtmanyproblems，suchasheavytrafficandtrafficaccidents.Trafficsafetyiseverybody'sbusiness.Wemustobeytherules.Forexample，wemustwalkonthesidewalks，whenwecrosszebra­crossing，stop，lookrightandleft，andthengoacrossfast.Don'tplayontheroad.Wecantellourparentsnottodrinkbeforetheydrive，nottorunthroughredlights，nottotalkandlaughwhiletheyaredriving.Carsareingintoourlife，butwecanbesafetodriveonroadsandwalkonsidewalksonlywheneverybodythinkstrafficsafetyiseverybody'sbusiness.TheStudents'Union点评：1.文章主体结构安排欠合理：第二段可以分成两段。2.句式较为单调：有些句子可以适当整合以提升句子质量，增强表达效果。3.词汇选择以初级词汇为主：应多用一些高级词汇。【升格作文】Dearschoolmates，Withmoreandmorecarsingintoourfamilies，wearehappythattheyhavegreatlyimprovedourlife.Butunluckily，theyhavealsobroughtmanyproblems，suchasheavytrafficandtrafficaccidents.Trafficsafetyiseverybody'sbusiness.Wemustobeytherules.Forexample，wemustwalkonthesidewalks，whenwecrosszebra­crossing，stop，lookrightandleft，andthengoacrossfast.Don'tplayontheroad.Wecantellourparentsnottodrinkbeforetheydrive，nottorunthroughredlights，nottotalkandlaughwhiledriving.Let'stakeimmediateaction!TheStudents'Union一假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校正在开展“创建美丽校园”的活动。请你用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书。要点包括：1．创建美丽校园的重要性；2．校园内存在的不文明现象；3．你的态度。注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearfellowstudents，I'mwritingtocalloneveryonetotakeanactivepartinbuildingabeautifulcampus.Yours，LiHua【参考范文】Dearfellowstudents，I'mwritingtocalloneveryonetotakeanactivepartinbuildingabeautifulcampus.Asweknow，wespendmostofourtimeoncampus.Anattractivecampuscanmakeourlearningpleasantandasaresultimproveourgrades.However，somestudentscanbeseenrunningonthelawn，pickingflowers.Someevenspitinpublicorthrowrubbisheverywhere.It'stimewedidsomethingtochangethesituation.Ithinkeveryoneisresponsibleforthebeautyofourcampusandifeachofusavoidsdoinganythingimproper，ourcampuswillnodoubtbeemorebeautiful.Everyeffortmatters.Let'stakeactionnow!Yours，LiHua二你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1.海洋的重要性;2.保护海洋的倡议。注意:1.词数100左右;2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。OurOceans,OurResponsibilityJune8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay. 答案Onepossibleversion:OurOceans,OurResponsibilityJune8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay.Itaimstoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingoceans.

Whyshouldweprotecttheocean?Thereasonisthatitprovidesvariousbenefits.Tobeginwith,theseaisasignificantsourceoffood.Withtheworldpopulationgrowing,wearerelyingontheoceanmoreandmoreforsurvival.Inaddition,notonlydoestheoceanproducemuchoxygen,butitalsoabsorbsmuchcarbondioxide,whichremarkablycontributestoregulatingtheEarth'sclimate.Also,vastamountsofmedicinalproductsefromtheocean,includingingredientsthathelpfightcancerandheartdisease.However,theseaisbeingdamaged.Hugeasitis,itismoresensitivethanwethink.Thus,itishightimethatwetookeffectivemeasurestoprotectit.Otherwise,futuregenerationswillnotforgiveus.一Iexpectedmyfirstdayofseniorhighschooltobeanxious.Ifirstwenttothegymfortheschoolmeetingthatwascrowdedwithstudentsandteachers.IfeltanxiousbecauseIdidn'tknowanybody.Isatdownandmetanewfriend,Nick.Weexchangedgreetingsandwatchedthecheerleaders(啦啦队队员)perform.IstartedtolikehighschoolbecauseIhadneverseensuchawonderfulperformancebefore.NickandIwalkedoutofthegymtoourfirstclassofhighschool.MyfirstclasswasMr.Malouf'shistoryclass.IwalkedwithNickthroughthehallways(走廊),lookedforateacherandasked,“WhereisMr.Malouf'sclass?”Theteacher,whowelaterknewwasMr.Charles,showedusthedirection.WhenwemetMr.Malouf,hewasofmediumheightwithbrownhair.Wecouldtellfromhisintroductionthatheknewhoweveryoneintheclassfelt—anxious.WefeltlessawkwardafterMr.Maloufsaid,“OK,Iknowthatthisisyourfirstdayofhighschool,andIwantthistobeagoodfirstclassofyourhighschoolbecausethisisalsomyfirstclass!”MynextclasswasMr.Kelly'sbiologyclass.Whenwesatdown,heintroducedhimselfandhopedthathewouldbethemostexcellentteacherthatwewouldhaveatschool.HecalledmeMayfieldandIfeltthatheneededtopractisemynamemore.Hewasthefirstteachertoputustoworkonmyveryfirstschoolday.Thisupsetmegreatlybecauseusuallytherewasnotmuchhomeworkonthefirstday.Afterschool,Iwastakenhomebymymom.WhenIgothome,IthankedGodforsuchawonderfulday.Ihadimaginedmyfirstdaywouldbeliketheoneinthemovie.Thefirstdayofhighschoolinthemovieisthatateenagerisleftaloneandheorshesitsbyhimselforherselfatlunch.1.Whatmadetheauthorstarttolikehighschool?A.Thecheerleaders'performance. B.Teachers'help.C.Thefirsthistoryclass. D.Mr.Kelly'sclass.2.Whoshowedtheauthorthewaytothehistoryclassroom?A.Nick. B.Mr.Malouf.C.Mr.Charles. D.Mayfield.3.Whydidtheauthorfeelupsetinthebiologyclass?A.Hedidn'tknowanybody. B.Mr.Kellycalledhimbythewrongname.C.Theteachertaughthimalesson. D.Therewasmuchbiologyhomework.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ASchoolMeeting B.TheFirstDayofHighSchoolC.ABoringBiologyClass D.HappyHighSchoolLife◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本以为高中第一天会是紧张的一天,但在认识了同学和老师之后,他度过了非常愉快的一天。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“IstartedtolikehighschoolbecauseIhadneverseensuchawonderfulperformancebefore.”可知,啦啦队的精彩表演让作者开始喜欢高中。故A项正确。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,作者的第一节课是Mr.Malouf的历史课,又根据第二段第四句可知,是Mr.Charles告诉了作者怎样去历史课教室。故C项正确。3.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知,Mr.Kelly是第一个让学生们在开学第一天就做作业的老师,而通常在第一天是没有很多作业的。故可推断,作者不高兴是因为有很多生物作业要做。故D项正确。4.B主旨大意题。文章多次提及firstday,而且主要介绍作者在高中第一天的经历和感受,故选B项“高中第一天”。易错归因本题易误选D项,D项虽提及highschool,且happy一词也符合作者在文中的心情,但“快乐的高中生活”过于宽泛,犯了过度引申的错误。【高频词汇】1.gymn.体育馆;健身房2.becrowdedwith...挤满……3.performv.表演4.performancen.表演5.upsetv.使烦恼长难句原句Whenwesatdown,heintroducedhimselfandhopedthathewouldbethemostexcellentteacherthatwewouldhaveatschool.分析该句为主从复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句,and连接introduced和hoped两个并列的谓语动词,第一个that引导宾语从句,作hoped的宾语,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词teacher,that在从句中作have的宾语。译文我们坐下后,他做了自我介绍,并希望他会成为我们在学校遇到的最优秀的老师。二WhenIwasaseniorhighschoolstudent,mathematicslookedlikeabigbarrier(障碍)formeandseveralofmyclassmates.MrIyer,astrictmathsteacher,wasalsoourclassteacher.Healwaysstucktohisdiscipline.Wehadtoarriveontime,andpayundividedattentiontohislectures,anddarednotforgetanyofhishomework.Evenso,asourclassteacher,wegottoknowhimbetter.Noticingsomeofuscouldn'tsitstillandseemedanxiousonedayasthemid⁃termexamswereing,hestoppedsolvingamathematicalproblemtoaskuswhy.“There'stoomuchtodo,”wesighed.“We'refrightenedthatwe'llnevermanagetofinishrevisingbeforetheexam.”“Nothingisimpossible,”MrIyertoldus.“Thisclassroomisonthesecondfloor.Doyouhaveproblemsreachinghere?”Werepliedwithblankstares(面无表情的凝视).“No,youdon't!”hesaid,answeringhisownquestion.“Youhaveastaircasetohelpyouclimbuptothislevel.Nooneexpectsyoutomakeitintwogiantleaps(大跨步).Yousimplytakeonestepatatime.Anyproblemcanbesolvedifyouconcentrateontheimmediateactiontobetaken.Therestwilltakecareofitselfifyoukeepatit.Onestepatatime.That'sthesecret.”Thenhewrotedownanoldmottothatleftadeepimpressiononmeontheblackboard—thelongestjourneystartswithasinglestep.Havingheardhisstaircaseanalogy(比拟),weunderstoodwhyheaskedusthequestionandwesawhiminanewlight.Atlast,mostofmyclassmatesscoredhighlyinmaths.AndIwentontobeeanEnglishteacher.Tothisday,wheneverIpassonMrIyer'sinvaluableadvicetomyownstudents,theybrightenupattheprospectofalighteracademicburden.5.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.ThewayMrIyertaughthisstudentsmaths.B.Thereasonwhymathswashardfortheauthor.C.Thestudents'pointsofviewonMrIyer'scharacter.D.Thebriefintroductionoftheauthor'smathsteacher,MrIyer.6.WhydidMrIyerstopsolvingamathematicalprobleminclass?A.MrIyerwasalittletiredandwantedtohavearest.B.Somestudentsmadetroubleandaffectedtheclass.C.Themathematicalproblemwasratherpuzzling.D.Somestudentsseemedimpatientandupset.7.Whatisthesecretofreachingone'sgoalaccordingtoMrIyer?A.Thereisonlyonestepbetweensuccessandfailure.B.Takeactionquicklyandmakeprogresslittlebylittle.C.Itisimportanttomakeuseofagoodopportunity.D.Don'thesitatetoaskforhelpwhenmeetingwithbarriers.8.HowdoestheauthorlikeMrIyer'sadvice?A.Strangeandimpractical. B.Incorrectandmisleading.C.Meaningfulandvaluable. D.Simpleanduninteresting.◎语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者高中时候的班主任Iyer老师通过爬楼梯的比喻给学生们提供了宝贵的建议,对作者以后的学习和工作都产生了深远的影响。5.D主旨大意题。第一段第一句“当我还是一名高中生时,对我和我的一些同学来说数学似乎是一个很大的障碍。”引出了下文对数学老师的介绍:Iyer老师是一位严格的数学老师,也是我们的班主任。他总是坚持他的纪律。我们必须准时到达,专心听课,不敢忘记他的任何作业。由此可知,第一段简略介绍了作者的数学老师Iyer,故选D。6.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Noticingsomeofuscouldn'tsitstillandseemedanxious”和“hestoppedsolvingamathematicalproblemtoaskuswhy”可知,Iyer老师看到学生坐立不安,所以停止了教学,学生坐立不安与D项中的“impatientandupset”的意思一致,故选D。7.B细节理解题。根据第三段中Iyer老师的话“Yousimplytakeonestepatatime.Anyproblemcanbesolvedifyouconcentrateontheimmediateactiontobetaken...That'sthesecret.(你只需一步一个脚印。如果你专注于立即采取的行动,任何问题都可以解决……那就是秘诀。)”可知,Iyer老师认为达到目标的秘诀是立即行动并逐步取得进步,故选B。8.C推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Tothisday,wheneverIpassonMrIyer'sinvaluableadvicetomyownstudents,theybrightenupattheprospectofalighteracademicburden.(时至今日,每当我向自己的学生传授Iyer老师的宝贵的建议时,他们都会因减轻学业负担的可能性而高兴起来。)”可知,作者认为Iyer老师的建议是有意义的、宝贵的,故选C。【高频词汇】1.stickto坚持2.disciplinen.纪律3.ontime按时4.managev.设法做到;管理5.expectv.期望6.immediateadj.立即的7.takecareof处理,负责;照顾8.brightenup(使)快活起来;(天气)放晴9.prospectn.可能性,希望;前景;前途10.burdenn.负担;重负v.使担负【熟词生义】lightn.眼光【差距