北京市延庆区八年级下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）

20222023学年北京市延庆区八年级（下）期末英语试卷第一部分一、单项填空。从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.MissBlackisakindteacher.Wealllike______.A.she B.her C.he D.him2.Wehaveabigfamilydinner_______ChineseNewYear’sEve.A.at B.on C.in D.for3.Doenoughexerciseeveryday,________youwillbestronger.A.but B.or C.and D.for4.—________Ireturnthebooktomorrow?—No,youneedn’t.A.Shall B.Could C.Must D.Can5.TomandI________inthesameschoolsince2021.A.study B.studied C.willstudy D.havestudied6.HaituoMountainis_______mountaininYanqing.A.high B.higher C.highest D.thehighest7.Ifyou________hardyouwillachieveyourgoals.A.willwork B.worked C.work D.areworking8.Lindaisanactress.She________inherfirstplaywhenshewas13yearsold.A.acts B.acted C.willact D.hasacted9.Bequiet,please.Ourteachers_______ameetingnow.A.have B.arehaving C.havehad D.had10.Mygrandpa________hisdogforawalkat7:00yesterdaymorning.A.takes B.took C.wastaking D.hastaken11.—________willtheShenzhouXVIcrewstayinsidetheTiangongspacestation?—Foraboutfivemonths.A.Howlong B.Howfar C.Howoften D.Howmuch12.—Couldyoupleasetellme________YanqingMuseum?—NextThursday.A.whenwevisit B.whendowevisitC.whenwillwevisit D.whenwewillvisit二、完形填空。（8分）阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。TheHero“Hank,whyismomsleepingonthefloor?”Isaacaskedhisbrother.Hankgotonhiskneesbesidehismomandheshookherandshouted,“Mommy,WakeUp!”Shedidn’tanswer,soHanktriedagain.Isaacbegantocry.“Don’tworry,Isaac.Itwillbeokay,”Hanksaid,butHankhadtothink___13___.Hewasonlyeightyearsold.Whatcouldhedo?HankwastheoldestandhewastheONLYonewhocould___14___.ThenherememberedhowGrandmausedtoplayagamewithhim.Shewouldpretend(假装)tobea911operator.Shewouldaskhimquestionslike,“Whatisyourname?”“Whatisyouraddress?”Hehad___15___alltherightanswers,soheknewwhattodo.Hankcalled911.Aladyansweredthephoneandsaid,“911,whatisyouremergency?”Hankwas___16___sohetookadeepbreathandsaid,“Hello.MynameisHankRobinson.Mymomisonthefloor.Shelookslikesheissleeping,butIcan’twakeherup.”ThentheladyaskedHankallthequestionshehad___17___withGrandma.Herememberedtospeakloudlyandclearlybecauseitwasimportant.SoagainHanktookadeepbreathandsaid,“Iliveat1203OakStreet,inMadison.”Theladyonthe___18___toldHanknottohangupuntilsomeonecametohishouseandrangthedoorbell.SoHankstayedonthephoneandsoontwofiremencametohelp.Hanklettheminwhentheladyonthephonesaiditwas___19___.Themenhelpedmommytowakeupandthentheygavemommysomeorangejuice.Finally,shesatupandbegantofeelbetter.Shesmiledandthankedthefiremen,andtheytoldherthatHankwasa___20___,becausehehelpedsavehismom’slife.13.A.closely B.luckily C.cheerfully D.quickly14.A.cry B.stand C.help D.play15.A.learned B.designed C.forgotten D.written16.A.shouting B.changing C.shaking D.caring17.A.sang B.practiced C.read D.texted18A.phone B.floor C.radio D.ground19.A.movable B.alive C.valuable D.safe20.A.creator B.hero C.boy D.student三、阅读理解。阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Hi!I’mEtutor,orEmma.I’mheretohelpwithanystudyrelatedproblems,whetherbigorsmall.Postamessageontheforumbelow.Hi,Etutor.Ishareabedroomandadeskwithmyeldersister.She’snoisy.IwilltakeexamsintwoweeksandIcan’tconcentrate.Canyouhelp?LucyRe：Lucy___21___Hi,Etutor.Myproblemistime!NextmonthIwillhave12examsinthreeweeks.HowcanIpossiblystudyforallofthem?Ithinkit’simpossible.RudyRe：Rudy___22___Hi,Etutor.Ialwaysgetnervousbeforeexams.Istudyhard,butwhentheexamstarts,Iforgeteverything.Ifeelsostupid.HayleyRe：Hayley___23___A.Itisn’timpossiblebutyouDOhavetogetstartedNOW.Makeastudyplanandhighlightperiodsofstudytimeforeachsubject.Makeadetailedplanforthisweekandthendothesamefortheweeksahead.B.That’samonplaintbetweensisters.Whydon’tyoudiscussarotasystemsothatyouusethedeskatdifferenttimes?Ormaybeyoucouldstudyatthelocallibraryafewdaysaweek.C.Trustyourself.Whenyou’retakingyourexam,payattentiontoyouranswersanddon’tthinkaboutyourgrades.Ifyouworrytoomuch,itwon’thelpyougetgoodresults.DLotsofpeopleexperiencethesamethingasyoudo.Yourretellingabilitywillbeimprovedifyoujoinastudygroup.Takingturnstogivepresentationswillbehelpful.RunningintheRightDirectionOncetherewasateenageboywhowasknownasafastrunnerinhisvillage.Heonlycaredaboutwinningeveryraceandbeingmoresuccessful.Oneday,theboytookpartinarunningraceinhisvillage.Hewonthe200,100and50meterraceswithoutanyproblem.Hewasproudofhimselfandreceivedgreatapplause(掌声).Buthisgrandfathersteppedinandchallengedhimtoaracewithtwounexpectedpetitors,anoldmanandablindgirl.Theboythoughtitwasunbelievablebutaccepted.Intherace,theboyfinishedfirst,whiletheoldmanandtheblindgirlwerestillatthestartingline.Withjoy,hewavedhishands(挥手)atthecrowd.Buttheykeptsilent.“Whyarepeoplenotcheeringformelikebefore?”heaskedhisgrandfather.“Starttheraceagainwiththem.Butthistime,allofyoushouldcrossthefinishlineatthesametime,”thegrandfatherreplied.Theboywassurprisedbutagreedtotherace.Duringthesecondrace,theboytookthehandsoftheoldmanandtheblindgirlandwalkedslowlywiththemtothefinishline.Thecrowdgavethemastandingapplause.Theboyaskedhisgrandfather,“Forwhomarethepeoplecheering?Isitforme,orthem?”Thegrandfathersmiledandsaid,“Thecrowddidnotcheerforanyoneofyou.Theycheeredforhowyouallrantheracetogether.”Facingtheraceoflife,whatmattersisnotjustwinning,buthowyouruntherace.24.Aftertheboywonthe200,100and50meterraces,hefelt________.A.satisfied B.surprised C.tired D.scared25.Whentheboy’sgrandfatherchallengedhimtotherace,he________.A.askedthecrowdtorunB.cheeredforthepetitorsC.agreedtotakepartinitD.wavedhishandstothepeople26.Fromhisexperience,theboylearned________.A.thepowerofcheeringfortherunnersB.thevalueofhowhewontheraceoflifeCthedifficultiesofrunningwiththedisabledD.theimportanceofhowherantheraceoflifeMonkeysShowaSenseofFairnessMosthumansexpecttoreceivefairtreatment.Howaboutotherspecies?Totestwhetherornotsuchbehaviorisfoundinotherspecies,scientistsdesignedanexperimentforbrowncapuchinmonkeys.Thestudyshowedthatbrowncapuchinmonkeysmightfeelthesameway.Thisisthefirsttimescientistshaveseenthiskindofbehaviorinaspeciesexcepthumans.SarahBrosnan,theleaderofthestudy,chosebrowncapuchinmonkeysfortheresearchbecausecapuchinsareknowntohavestrongsocialbonds.Inotherwords,theyhavecloserelationships(关系)withothercapuchins.Theyalsocooperate,forexample,theyshareresponsibilitiesforfoodgatheringactivitiessuchasfindingfruittrees.Individualsweredrawnfromtwolargesocialgroupsofcaptive(人工饲养的)browncapuchinsfromcoloniesattheYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterandpairedwithapartner.Pairswereplacednexttoeachotherandtrainedtoexchange(交换)asmallrockwithresearcherswithin60secondstoreceiveareward,inmostcases,apieceofcucumber.“Thatmayactuallysoundsimple,butnotverymanyspeciesarewillingtorelinquishthings,”Brosnansaid,“Thinkoftryingtotakealargebonefromadog’smouth.”Onlyfemalecapuchinsweretestedbecausetheymostcloselymonitorequity,orfairtreatment,amongtheirpeers.Partnersofcapuchinswhomadetheexchangeeitherreceivedthesamereward(acucumberslice),orabetterreward(agrape,amoredesirablefood),forthesameamountofworkor,insomecases,forperformingnoworkatall.Brosnansaidtheresponse(反应)totheunfairtreatmentwassurprising.Whenacapuchinsawitspartnergetbettertreatment,itwasunhappy.Somecapuchinsdidnotwanttocontinuethetestoreatthecucumberstheyreceived.Somethrewtheirfoodattheresearchers.Brosnan’sresearchsuggeststhereisaconnectionbetweenanimalcooperationandadislikeofunfairtreatment.However,asBrosnanexplains,“Wedon’tknowwhethermonkeysbeecooperativeandthenlearntonotlikebeingtreatedunfairly,ortheotherwayaround.Butthatopensupawholenewresearchfield.”27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout________.A.howBrosnandidtheresearchB.howBrosnanchosecapuchinsC.whycapuchinshadcloserelationshipsD.whycapuchinswerechosenforthestudy28.Theword“relinquish”inparagraph3probablymeans“________”.A.giveaway B.takeaway C.goaway D.putaway29.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Capuchinscangetabetterrewardforsharingfoodtheylike.B.Scientistshavefoundthatcapuchinscareaboutfairtreatment.C.Capuchinsgothappierwhentheirpartnersgotabetterreward.D.Scientistshaveknownwhencapuchinsdevelopedthesenseoffairness.30.Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A.Toknowhowcapuchinslearntocooperate.B.Tofindoutifcapuchinsvaluefairtreatment.C.Tofindoutwhethercapuchinslikegrapesornot.D.Toknowhowcapuchinsexchangetherockswithpeople.Thinkbacktowhenyouwereinaclassroom,maybeamathsclassroom,andtheteachersetadifficultproblem.Whichofthetwofollowingresponsesisclosertothewayyoureacted?ABOhno,thisistoohardforme.I’mnotevengoingtoseriouslytryandworkitout.Ah,thisisquitetrickybutIliketopushmyself.EvenifIdon’tgettheanswerright,maybeI’lllearnsomethingintheattempt.Earlyinhercareer,thepsychologistCarolDweckofStanfordUniversitygaveagroupoftenyearoldsproblemsthatwereslightlytoohardforthem.Onegroupreactedpositively,saidtheylovedchallengeandunderstoodthattheirabilitiescouldbedeveloped.Shesaystheyhada‘growthmindset’andarefocusedonwhattheycanachieveinthefuture.Butanothergroupofchildrenfeltthattheirintelligencewasbeingjudgedandtheyhadfailed.Theyhada‘fixedmindset’.Theydidn’tbelievetheycoulddoanythingtoimprovethesituation.ProfessorDweckbelievesthatthereisaproblemineducationatthemoment.Foryears,childrenhavebeenpraisedfortheirintelligenceortalent,butthismakesthemvulnerabletofailure.Theybeeperformanceoriented(绩效导向的),wantingtopleasebygettinghighgrades,buttheyarenotnecessarilyinterestedinlearning.Thesolution(解决办法),accordingtoDweck,istopraisetheprocessthatchildrenareengagedin:makinganeffort(努力),usinglearningtipsandimproving.Thiswaytheywillbeemasteryorientedandwillachievemore.Shestatesthatsustainedeffortovertimeisthekeytooutstandingachievement.Psychologistshavebeentestingthesetheories.Studentsweretaughtthatiftheylearnedsomethingnewanddifficult,theneuronsintheirbrainswouldformstrongerconnections,makingthemmoreintelligent.Thesestudentsmadefasterprogressthanacontrolgroup.Inanotherstudy,underperformingschoolchildrenwereexposedtogrowthmindsettechniquesforayear.Theresultswereamazing.Thesechildrencametopinthefinaltests.Theycametoseethatmakinganeffortwasthekeytolearning.So,backtoouroriginalquestion.IfyouansweredB,welldone—youalreadyhaveagrowthmindset.IfA,don’tworry:everyoneisabletobeemasteryorientedwithalittleeffort.31.ProfessorDweckprobablyagreesthat________.A.developinginterestsisthekeytolearningB.developinginterestsismoreimportantthantalentCweshouldpraisethechildrenwhentheyworkhardD.weshouldpraisethechildrenwhentheygetgoodgrades32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Learningnewthingscanmakethekidsworkharder.B.StudentswhoansweredAcannotachievetheirdreams.C.Learningnewthingscanhelpthekidsetopinthetests.D.Studentswhohavefixedmindsetcanbeimprovedwithefforts.33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsItImportanttoBeIntelligent?B.IsItImportanttoSolveProblems?C.DoYouHaveLimitingBeliefs?D.DoYouHavetheRightMindset?第二部分本部分根据题目要求,完成相应任务。四、阅读表达。阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。WhereDoesChocolateeFrom?Chocolateisafavoritefoodtomillionsofpeopleonearth.However,haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhattheoriginofchocolateis?Orhowchocolateismade?Chocolatethatweeatstartswithcacaotrees,alsocalledcocoatrees.CacaotreesgrowinawarmclimatelikeCentralandSouthAmerica,AfricaorpartsofAsia.Itisbelievedthatthegrowingofthecacaotreebegan100millionyearsagointhelowerslopesofAndesMountains.Todayabout70%ofthecacaogrownintheworldisgrowninAfrica.Thecacaodoesverywellinareasalongtheequatorwithahotandrainyclimate.Ittakesabout4yearsforthecacaotreetomature(成熟).Thereafter,onetreeiscapableofproducingabout2,000podseveryyear.Thepodsgrowonthebranchesandtrunksofthecacaotree.Eachpodhasbetween30and40seedsinsideit.Cacaoseedsaresometimescalledthecacaobeans.Thecacaobeanisthemainingredient(原料)intheprocessofmakingchocolate.Atthechocolatefactory,thebeansarecleanedanddried.Usuallytheyareroasted(烘)forupto2hoursinlargerotatingdrums.Thecocoabeanstumbleinthesedrumslikeclothesinaclothesdryer.Afterroasting,theshellofthecocoabeanisremovedandtheinsideofthecocoabeanisthenground(磨碎)byheavysteelplates.Thisprocessformsachocolateliquid.Whenchocolateliquidismoldedandcooled,theproductiscalledunsweetenedchocolate.Sometimesthechocolateliquidismadeintodrycocoapowder.Whencocoaismade,oilfromthecocoabeanispressedoutandisknownascocoabutter.Addsugar,cocoabutter,andvanillaflavoringtounsweetenedchocolateandyouhaveachocolatecandy.Ifyoualsoaddmilk,theproductismilkchoco