新视野英语第五册词汇全集

prevalenta.（正式）（在某地或某时）流行的，盛行的；普遍的

continuityn.连续性，连贯性

inherenta.固有的，内在的，天生的

inherentlyad.固有地,本质上,内在地

decisivea.1.无疑的，明确的2.坚决的，果断的3.决定性的，关键性的

permeatevt.渗透，渗入，充满

telecommunicationsn.电信

accessoryn.L附件，附属品2.（怂恿、帮助罪犯进行犯罪活动，但犯罪时不在现场的）

同谋，从犯

literallyad.1.确切地，真正地2.逐字地3.按字面地4.（用于加强语气）简直

blessvt.（祈求上帝）祝福，赐福于

blessingn.1.上帝的恩赐;幸事2.批准，鼓励

instantaneousa.即刻的；瞬间发生的

literacyn.识字，能读能写，有文化

minglev.相混合，（与另一物或人）混在一起

distortvt.1.曲解；歪曲2.使变形，弄歪

formidablea.1.困难的，难以克服的2.可怕的，令人生畏的

precedentn.（用来处理同类问题时行之有效的）先例

diploman.毕业文凭，学位证书

certifyvt.1.授予合格证书2.证明，证实

competencen.能力，技巧

simulatevt.（正式）模拟，模仿；假装

repertoiren.1.全套，全部本领/功能2.（演员或剧团的）全部节目；保留节目

vocationala.职'加上的，'业务上的

productivea.L多产的;丰饶的2.生产...的,生产性的

flawvl,使有瑕疵

n.缺点，瑕疵

adolescentn.&a,青少年（的），处于青春期的孩子（的）（约13—16岁）

innovationn.革新，创新，改革

geneticadj.遗传的，起源的

doomvt.使...遭厄运,注定，判决

n.厄运，毁灭，死亡

dilemman.困境，两难境地，进退维谷

breakthroughn.突破，发现

offspringn.子孙，后代;幼兽

clonevt.克隆,复制

imaginativea.富于想像的，有想像力的

PhrasesandExpressions

rangefrom...to（在一定幅度或范围内）变动，变化

withtheexceptionof除外,除...之外

haveaccessto有接近（或使用）...的机会

inlargemeasure在很大程度上，多半

tailortoone'sneed使适应特定需要

huntdown找寻,搜寻...直至找到

drawon凭借，动用，利用

intheabsenceof缺乏，没有

withrespectto关于,就...而言,在方面

callfor需要

garmentn.衣服，服装

cripplevt.1.使残疾2.损坏,削弱

n.伤残人

tugv.用力拉，拖

limpvi.1.跛行，一痛一拐地走2.（船只等）艰难行进；（业务等）缓慢进行

optimismn.乐观主义

affirmvt.L断言，坚定地声明，证实正确2.支持或维护……的正确性

sacreda.神圣的，不可侵犯的

nourishvt.1.滋养；喂养2.培养:保持，怀有

assimilatevt.L理解，掌握2.吸收，消化（食物）；被消化，被吸收3.（使）同化

innumerablea.无数的，数不清的

tempon.1.步调，节奏2.（音乐的）节拍

pleadvi.L恳求，祈求2.答辩，在法庭上提出特定的申辩

nurturevt.1.培养,促进成长2.养育，培育

n.L营养物2,养育，培养

naivea.天真的，幼稚的

symposiumn.L专题研讨会2.专题论文集

authentica.1.真实的，真正的2.可靠的，可信的

proficiencyn.水平，精通

pathetica.引起怜悯的，令人悲哀的

tuckvt.塞

n.（衣服的）褶

murmurvt.低声说，以柔和低沉的声音说

n.低声细语―；小声或偷偷的抱怨

handicapn.残疾；缺陷,不利条件

v.妨碍

decreen.命令，法令；判决

eccentricn.古怪的人

a.（人及其行为）古怪的，反常的，怪异的

indignanta.愤慨的，愤愤不平的

cooperativea.1.合作进行的2.合作的，协作的

staggerv.1.蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走2.使吃惊；压倒3.错开时间，交错安排

superintendentn.监督人，负责人

dizzya.L头昏目眩的，头昏眼花的2.令人晕眩的

expendvt.花费，用光（时间、精力等）

scramblevi.1.争夺，夺取2.攀登，爬行

exilev.流放，放逐

n.1.流放，放逐2.流亡国外者

complyvi.遵照，遵守

PhrasesandExpressions

acton遵照……行动，奉行

bebornof来源于

fillout(aform)填(表格)

beatdown打倒，压制,平息

ATechnologicalRevolutioninEducation

Ahumanbeingtransportedfromtheyear1900toourtimewouldrecognizemuch

ofwhatgoesonintoday'sclassrooms—theprevalentlecturing,theemphasisondrill,

andthematerialsandactivitiesrangingfromthebasicreadertotheweeklyspelling

tests.Withthepossibleexceptionofthechurch,fewinstitutionshavechanged

as1ittleasthosechargedwiththeformaleducationofthenextgeneration.

Contrastthiscontinuitywithchildren'sexperiencesoutsidetheschoolwalls.

Inmodernsocietychildrenhaveaccesstoarangeofmediathatwouldhaveseemed

likeamiracleinanearlierera.Thevisitorfromthepast,whowouldreadily

recognizetoday'sclassroom,wouldhavetroublerelatingtotheout-of-schoolworld

ofa10-year-oldtoday.

Schools—ifnoteducationgenerally—areinherentlyconservative

institutions.Inlargemeasure,Iwoulddefendthisconservativetendency.But

changesinourworldaresorapidandsodecisivethatitwillnotbepossiblefor

schoolstoremainastheyareortosimplyintroduceafewsuperficialimprovements.

Indeed,ifschoolsdonotchangerapidlyandradically,theyarelikelytobereplaced

byothermoreflexibleinstitutions.

TheTransformingPowerofComputers

Themostimportanttechnologicaleventofourtimeistheriseofthecomputer.

Computersalreadypermeatemanyaspectsofourlives,fromtransportationand

telecommunicationstoentertainment.Scarcelyignorantofthesetrends,many

schoolsnowhavecomputersandnetworkingcapacity.Tosomeextent,these

technologicalaccessorieshavebeenabsorbedintothelifeoftheschool,though

oftentheysimplydelivertheoldlessonsinamoreconvenientandefficientformat.

Inthefuture,however,educationwillbeorganizedlargelyaroundthecomputer.

Computerswillpermitadegreeofindividualinstructionthatinthepastwas

availableonlytotherich.Allstudentsmayreceiveacurriculumtailoredtotheir

needs,learningstyle,pace,andrecordofsuccesswithearliermaterialsand

lessons.

Computertechnologyputsalltheinformationintheworldatone，sfingers,quite

literally.Thisisbothablessingandacurse.Nolongerdowehavetospendlong

periodsoftimehuntingdownasourceoraperson—now,deliveryofinformation

isinstantaneous.Soonwewillnotevenhavetotypeinaninstruction;wewill

beabletosimplyaskaquestionoutloudandthecomputerwillprintoutorspeak

theanswer.Thuspeoplewillachieveinstant〃culturalliteracy〃.

Lesshappily,theInternethasnomeansofqualitycontrol;"anyonecanplay”.

Informationanddisinformationminglecomfortablyand,asofyet,thereareno

reliablewaystodistinguishsensefromthedistortedfactsanddownrightnonsense

commonontheNet.Identifyingthetrue,thebeautiful,andthegood—andwhich

ofthesetruths,beauties,orgoodsareworthknowing—constitutesaformidable

challenge.

Itmightbesaid,inresponse,thattheworldhasalwaysbeenfilledwith

misinformation.Trueenough,butinthepasteducationalauthoritiescouldatleast

choosetheirfavoritetexts.Today'ssituation,witheveryonehavinginstantaneous

accesstomillionsofsources,iswithoutprecedent.

CustomizingEducation

Inachangefromprevioustrends,theacquisitionofadiplomafromcertified

institutionsmaybecomelessimportant.Individualswillbeabletoeducate

themselvesandexhibittheircompetenceinasimulatedsetting.Whypay$120,000

togotolawschool,ifonecan“readlaw“asinearliertimesandthendemonstrate

one'srepertoireoflegalskillsviaacomputer-simulatedpracticalexamination?

Orlearntoflyaplaneorconductsurgerybysimilarmeans,forthatmatter?

Muchofeducationinthepastwasessentiallyvocational:designedtomakesure

thatindividualscouldcarryoutasinglejob,reliably,throughouttheirproductive

adultyears.Nowadays,thisassumptionisflawed.Fewpeoplewillremaininthe

sameoccupationfortheirwhole1ives;manywillmovefrequentlyfromoneposition,

company,andsectoroftheeconomytoanother.

Theexplosionofnewandrapidlychangingrolesintheeconomymakeseducation

muchmorecomplicated.Mostadultteachersandparentswillnothaveexperiences

onwhichtheycandrawtoprepareyoungstersforaworldinwhichtheycanexpect

tochangejobsregularly.Intheabsenceofprecedent,adolescentswillhaveto

preparethemselvesforrapidlychanging“careerpaths“andlifesituations.

TheFurtherEffectsofTechnology

Whilecomputer-basedteachingfigurestobethedominanttechnological

influenceoneducation,otherinnovationswillhaveimpactsaswell.Medical

technologieswillpermitstudyofstudents'brainactivityandbloodflowasthey

engageinvariouskindsofproblem-solvingorcreativeactivities.

Enhancedunderstandingofthegeneticbasisoflearningisalsolikelytoinvade

theclassroom.Itmaybepossibletodeterminewhichyoungstersarelikelyto

advancequicklyandwhichonesseemdoomedto'difficult〃schoolexperiences.Some

authoritieswillinsistthatthesefindingsbeappliedinspecificcases,while

otherswillvigorouslyobjecttoanydecisionsmadeonthebasisofgenetic

information.Drugsthatclaimtoimprovelearning,memory,orenthusiasmwill

becomereadilyavailable.Teachersandparentsmayfacemoraldilemmasthatwould

inearliertimeshavebeenrestrictedtosciencefiction.

Finally,recentbreakthroughsinbiologyandmedicinemaychangeeducationin

themostradicalways.Ifindividualsseekto"design"offspringthroughgenetic

engineering,ortoalterthegeneticstructureofanalreadyexistingperson,or

ifitbecomespossibletoclonehumans,thenourdefinitionsofwhatitmeansto

beahumanbeing,andtobeapartofahumansociety,willbechangedforever.

ConservatismIsNotNecessarilyEvil

Ihavenotedthateducationisconservative,andthatthisconservativetendency

isnotnecessarilyanevil.Indeed,withrespecttothetransmissionofvaluesand

theteachingofcertainsubjects,aconservativeapproachmaywellbecalledfor.

Yettheexplosionofknowledgecallsforcloseandfreshattentiontothecurriculum.

Newandimaginativeapproacheswillhavetobedevelopedifyoungpeoplearetobe

preparedfortherapidlychangingrolestheycanexpecttoassume.

Words:1,009

BeYourOwnTailor

Amanwenttoatailorandtriedonasuit.Ashestoodbeforethemirror,he

noticedthejacketwasalittleunevenatthebottom.〃0h,〃saidthetailor,〃don't

worryaboutthat.Justholdtheshorterenddownwithyourrighthandandnoone

willevernotice.

Thecustomerthennoticedthatthecollarofthejacketcurledupinsteadof

lyingflat.〃0h,that,“saidthetailor."That'snothing.Justturnyourheada

littleandholddownthecollarwithyourchin.〃Thecustomernextcomplainedthat

thebottomsofthetrouserswereabittoohigh.〃0h,don,tworryaboutthat,〃said

thetailor,“justpullthetrousersdownwithyourlefthand,andeverythingwill

beperfect.Thecustomeragreedthatthegarmentnowlookedfineandhepurchased

it.

IamateacherandIamalsothatcrippledman.Ihavetugged,pulled,limped,

heldonandbentover,butwhyhaven'tImadetheeducationsystemlooklikea

well-fittingsuit?Ihavelistenedtothetailor'sinsteadofmyownvoice.

Inthebeginningofourcareersasteachers,avoice,fullofoptimism,spoke

clearlytous.Itsaid,Iamateacherand1amvaluable.Thevoiceaffirmedthat

thesacredrelationshipbetweenchildandteacherwastheclassroom'sstrength.The

voicerangout:Servethechildfirst.Dowhatisimportant.Actonprinciples.Work

hard.Takecare.Thevoiceinsisted:Makeadifference.

Andwhathappenedtothevoice?

Asteachers,wewantedsomuchtobelieveinourselves,tomakethatdifference,

thatwenevernoticedwewerenothingmorethanfactoryworkers.Wedidnotwant

toadmitthatthissystem,whosebusinessitwastonourishmindsandmolddreams,

wasbarelymorethana19th-centuryfactorywhereourstudentscollectedbasicskills

onanassemblyline.Wetriednottoconfrontwhowereallywere-workers,not

professionals,inafactorycalledschool.

Andwhereareourvoicesnow?

Wearebusyputtingoutfires,movingfromonecrisistothenext,swallowing

onenewprogramafteranother,tryingtoassimilatenewstrategiesinone-day

trainingprograms一digestingnothing,meetingthedemandsandexpectationsof

innumerablespecialinterests.Thetempoofourworkdoesnotallowustimeto

reflectortodream.Dreamsarebornofreflection,butwearenotareflective

profession.Dreamsarebornofrest,butwearenotarestedprofession.Wehave

allowedthetailortodesignoursuits.

Thevoicecallsouttous,Iknowthetruth.Iknowwhyschoolsdon，twork,

whythissuitdoesn，tfit.Weignorethatvoice.Bestill.Youmightgetinto

trouble.

Thevoicepleads,IneedtimetonurturemyselfandtherelationshipsIhave

withmystudentsandpeers,Ineedfewerstudents.Whosaid25wasmanageable?But

wesilencethevoice.Peoplewillsayyouarenaive.

Thevoicesuggests,Ineedintensivetraining,morethanaweekendsymposium

orafter-schoolmeetings,tolearnhowtoimplementnewpoliciesinmyclassorto

setupauthenticdemonstrationsofproficiency.Weputdownthevoice.

Thenextday,themanworehisnewsuit,usingallthehandandchin〃adjustments”.

Asthispatheticmanlimpedthroughtheparkwithhischintuckeddown,onehand

tuggingathiscoatandtheothergraspinghistrousers,twomenstoppedplaying

chesstowatch.〃0h,myGod,〃saidthefirst."Lookatthatpoorcrippledman.〃

Thesecondmanreflectedforamoment,thenmurmured,〃Yes,hishandicapishorrible,

butIwonderwherehegotsuchafine,finesuit.〃

Noofficialdecreewillproducethekindsofchangesthatweknowarenecessary.

Onlyifweactfromavoicethatreflectsourworth,willeducationseethechanges

ithasbeenseekingforsomanydecades.Then,andonlythen,willwebeableto

standtallandproud,worthyofthename"teacher”.

Quiet.Ifyousaythat,somebodywillthinkyouareaneccentric.

Yettheindignantvoicecontinues.1can'tplanreallyeffectivelessonsor

designhands-onmaterialswithone45-minuteplanningperiodadayanda20-minute

lunchandatthesametimeservemy130students.Ican'timplementnewcritical

thinkingprograms,setupcooperativelearninggroups,meetwithparents,fillout

formafterformandstaggerhomenightafternightwithstillthreehoursofwork

todo.Weputourhandsoverourears.Oh,stopyourcomplaining.

Thevoicesighs,Iamtired.IfeelasifIhaveheavyropestiedaroundmy

waist.Statedepartments,schoolsuperintendents,parents,principalsandspecial

interestgroupsareallholdingontotheseropes.Eachispullingatme.Iam

dizzyandIamlosingmyabilitytoknowwhatistrulyimportant.

Bequiet.Noonewilllikeyouifyousaythat.

Andthevoicewhispers,whydoIexpendsomuchenergy?WhydoIscrambleto

coverallthematerialinthebook?WhydoIteachfrom8:00to3:00everyday?

WhyhaveIallowedofficialteststodrivemycurriculum?Werespond,justdoit.

Don，tcausetrouble.

Andthevoice,beatendown,under-nurturedandneverhonored,finallysays,I

amateacherand1amnotvaluable.Andthatisthevoicewelistentointheend.

Thatisthevoiceguidingouractions.

Oneauthorsays,〃Tobeourselvescausesustobeexiledbymanyothers,but

tocomplywithwhatotherswantcausesustobeexiledfromourselves.〃

Weteachershavebeenexiledfromourselvestoolong,andithascrippledus.

Ifeducationistoimprove,ifwearetomakethesystematicchangesnecessary

totakeusintothe21stcentury,teachersmustagainlistentothevoicethatsays:

YesIamateacherandyes,Iamvaluable.

Words:1,006

AWalkThroughCambridgeUniversity

SometimesitappearsthateverytowninBritainhasatleasthalfadozenghosts.

Ifitisntmurdervictims,thenit'sladiesingrayappearingatmidnight.

Cambridgeisdifferent,however,asthisuniversitycityisfillednotwi.thspirits

butwiththespiritoftherealpeoplewhohavelivedthereoverthecenturies.The

placeisfilledbythem.

AtthelastcountCambridgehadgiventheworld62NobelPrize-winners:Trinity

College（三一学院）alonehasproduced28ofthem.Therehavebeen13Britishprime

ministersand9leadersoftheChurchofEngland（英国国教会）.Greatscientistsof

thepast,suchasDarwinandNewton,havegivenwaytomodernthinkers,suchasCrick

andWatson,whodiscoveredDNA（脱氧核糖核酸）.Throwinmanymorefamouspoetsand

philosophersandsoonyoumayrealizetherichnessandvarietythathaspermeated

Cambridgelife.

ThevirtueofCambridgeisthatithasasmallcenter,whichmeansthatmost

placescanbereachedeasilyonfoot.Takeanopen-bustourifyouwish,oranofficial

guidedwalk,butit'sjustasmuchfuntodoityourselfandallowtimetosoakup

theatmosphereasyouwanderthroughthecolleges,sitinthegardens,andvisit

thesmallchurchesandpubs.

IfyouwalkfromthetouristinformationcenterdownBene't（shortforBenedict）

Street（本尼特大街），andlooktoyourleftyouwillseetheCavendishLaboratory（-k

文迪什实验室）.Itmaynotlooklikeanythingspecialfromtheoutsidebutitwas

insidethosewallsthattheatomwasfirstsplitin1932,andwhereFrancisCrick

andJamesDeweyWatsonfinallysolvedthemysteryofDNAin1953,workforwhich

theyreceivedaNobelPrizenineyearslater.

Howstrange,yetappropriateforCambridge,thatsuchpioneeringworktookplace

inthehistoricshadeofStBene't'sChurch（圣本尼特教堂），whosetowerdatesfrom

about1025,thechurchitselfbeingtheoldestbuildinginthecounty.Insideit

isamixofancientandmodern.TakealookatthemodernstatueofJesus（耶稣）

thatcontrastswiththeancientpillarsdatingfromabout1300.

IfyouturnleftattheendofBene，tStreetyouwillseeHobson'sConduit（霍

布森水渠）.Thechannelsthatrunalongsidethestreetarecalledbythisnameas

itwasthephilosopherHobsonwhoprovidedmoneytoa17th-centuryschemetobring

freshwatertoCambridgethisway.

ThescaleofCambridge,shistoryisoftenbroughthometoyouinawaythatcan

makeyouonlyshakeyourheadinwonder.Hobson，sConduitrunsoutsidetheentrance

toPembrokeCollegethatwasfoundedin1347,andsowasalmost400yearsoldby

thetimetheConduitwasbuilt.Thegatehousethatleadsintothefirstcourtyard

istheoldestoneinCambridge;totheright,andattheendofapassageisthe

entrancetoPembrokeChapel（彭布罗克礼拜堂）.Builtin1663-1665,thiswasthe

firstclassicalstylebuildinginCambridgeandthefirstmajorarchitecturalwork

bySirChristopherWren,whowentontodesignmanypublicbuildingsinLondon.

Cambridge5sfirstcollegewasPeterhouse（彼得豪斯学院），foundedin1284and

locatedalmostoppositePembroke.OnestudentwhomovedfromPeterhousetoPembroke

wasthepoetThomasGray（托马斯•格雷），bestknownforhisElegyWritteninaCountry

Churchyard（《写于乡间墓地的挽歌》）.Heregardedmostoftheotherstudentsthere

asdrunksandhadaropefittedoutsidethewindowofhisrooms,whichhebelieved

tobeatriskfromfire.Hisfellowstudentswouldshout〃Fire!〃sooftenoutside

hiswindowthatheeventuallymovedacrosstheroadtoPembroke.In1757,herefused

theinvitationtobecometheofficialpoetofEngland,butstayedinCambridgeto

becomeaprofessorofhistoryandmodernlanguagesin1768.

PeterhouseChapel（彼得豪斯礼拜堂）hasaninterestinghistory.Itwasbuiltin

1628butthenseriouslydamagedbyCromwelTs（克伦威尔）troopsinthe1650's,during

theirfighttoeliminatetheKingandformarepublic.Itsstainedglasseastwindow

washiddentoprotectitfromCromwell'ssoldiers,butwasputbackin1660after

anewkingcametopower.Itsurvivesinonepiece,over300yearslater.

AcuriouscomparisoniswiththefateofOliverCromwellJshead,overthesame

300years.Cromwel1diedin1658;afterhisdeaththenewkinghadCromwelldug

up,hungandbeheaded.Thekingwasobviouslytakingnochancesonhimcomingback.

Hisbodywasburiedagainandhisheadhungonapole,whereitstayedforthenext

twentyyears.Itblewoffinastormandamantookithome;onecanonlyimagine

thestateofthis"treasure”.Theheadproceededtopassthroughvarioushandsuntil

in1960,exactly300yearslater,theheadwassecretlyburiedsomewhereinSidney

SussexCollege（西德尼•萨赛克斯学院），onSidneyStreet（西德尼大街）,whichOliver

Cromwellhadattended.Thesecrecywasnecessaryasitwasfeltthatmodern

defendersofthecrownmightsti11trytostealtheheadanddestroyit.Asign

outsidetheentrancetothechapelbearswitnesstotheevent.

Aftersuchaviolenttaleyoumaywanttoretiretothemorepeacefulretreat

ofoneofthecollegegardens,suchasatChrist'sCollege（基督学院）.Passthrough

thegatewayandlooktothelefttoseetheentrancetotheroomsinwhichJohn

Milton（约翰•弥尔顿）stayedwhenhewasastudenthereintheearly17thcentury,

whileinthemiddleofthewallontherightarethestairswhichleadtotherooms

occupiedbyCharlesDarwin200yearslater.ParadiseLost（《失乐园》）ononeside,

TheOriginofSpecies（《物种起源》）ontheother.

WalkpastDarwin，sstairstothesecondcourt,andbeyondthattotheFellows，

Garden（教工花园），adelightfulretreat.Takeaseatinthegardenandlookaround

you.Thinkofthestudentsyouhavepassedonyourvisit,wonderingifyouhave

seensomebodywhointhefuturewillbeagreatscientist,poet,leader

Words:1,005

eternala.1.永久的，永世的2.无休止的，没完没J’的

invariablyad.不变地，恒定地；总是

perishvi.死去;消亡，毁灭

legendn.传说，传说的故事

originatevi.发源；产生，发起

fabulousa.L寓言（或传说中）中的2.极好的,极妙的

wrinklevt.使起皱纹

n.皱纹

foula.邪恶的；道德败坏的；残酷的

temptvt.L诱惑，引诱2.引起...兴趣；吸引

tubn.浴盆，浴缸

glandn.腺

foilvt.挫败；抑制

probabilityn.1.可能性;或然性2.概率

infectiousa.传染的，传染性的

rupturev.（使）破裂，（使）裂开

n.破裂，裂开

appendixn.（pl.—dixesor—dices）1.阑尾2.附录

afflictvt.使苦恼，使痛苦，折磨

optimuma.最佳的，最优的

chronica.1.（疾病）慢性的2.长期患病的

adherevi.坚持，遵守

persistenta.1.坚持不懈的；执意的2.持续的，持久的

despisevt.鄙视；看不起；讨厌

profitablea.有利可图的；有益的

patentvt.取得...的专利权

n.专利；专利权

calorien.（热量单位）卡

traitn.特征，特性；品质

descendantn.后裔,后代，子孙

manipulatevt.1.控制；影响2.操作；使用

promisinga.有希望的,有前途的

necessitatevt.需要；使成为必需

multituden.1.大批；众多2.大众，民众

grima.1.艰苦的；严酷的;无情的2.坚强的，不屈的

diminishvt.减少，缩小

terminatevt.停止，结束；终止

wearya.1.疲倦的；厌倦的2.令人厌倦的

PhrasesandExpressions

lookforwardto期待,盼望

perishfrom死于,因...而死亡

originatein/from始自，米源于

holdonto坚持；遵守

bewelloff富裕的，境遇好的

adhereto坚持；遵守

slowdown减速；减缓

thresholdn.1.开端,开始2.门槛；门口

vergen.边缘，边界

vi.濒临，接近

DNAabbr.脱氧核糖核酸

embryon.胚胎；胎儿

previewvt.预习；预先审查

catastrophen.灾难

catastrophica.灾难性的

likelihoodn.可能（性）

ethicsn.伦理学；道德准则，道德规范

deficiencyn.1.缺点，缺陷2.缺乏，缺少，不足

immunea.1.与免疫系统有关的2.免疫的，有免疫力的3.不受影响的

injectvt.1.注射2.引入；注入

complicationn.1.并发症2.使复杂化的事物;复杂化

culminatevi.终于；达到顶点

skeptical（sceptical）a.持怀疑态度的；怀疑的

exotica.奇异的；外来的

invitrofertilization（IVF）试管受精；体外受精

prematurea.1.（婴儿）早产的2.过早的,提前的

valven.L［解剖］瓣，瓣膜2.阀,阀门

epidemicn.时疫，流行病

a.（疾病）流行性的；盛行的

denouncevt.才旨责；谴责

integrityn.1.完整，完整性；完全2.诚实，正直

heritagen.遗产；传统

intervenevi.「涉，「扰，干预；介入

recipientn.1.接受者，接收者2.接收器

apta.L倾向于，易于.的2.适宜的,恰当的

appraisaln.评价，鉴定

malarian.疟疾

inducevt.1.引起，导致2.劝诱，促使

abolishvt.废止，废除

exempta.被免除的，被豁免的

vt.免除，豁免

entrepreneurn.企业家

ironyn.L具有讽刺意味的事情，出人意料的事情2.反话，讽刺

arenan.1.领域，舞台，活动场所2.表演场地，室内运动场所

creationn.1.创造，创建2.创造的作品，创作物

abortionn.流产，膻胎；夭折

anti-abortiona.反对流产的，反对堕胎的

rigorousa.1.严格的，严厉的2,严酷的3.严密的，缜密的

scrutinyn.详细审查

entityn.实体

PhrasesandExpressions

onthevergeof濒临;接近

inheritfrom从...继承

injectinto给...注射；给注入

culminatein达到...顶点;以告终

resultin导致，引起

beaptto有...倾向的；易于的

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

(DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?)

Areyouhopingforalong1ife?Thoughtso.Areyoulookingforwardtogrowing

old?Thoughtnot.Menhavewantedonewithouttheotherforthousandsofyears,

andhaveinvariablybeendisappointed.TheSpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonwas

morefamousforhissearchfortheFountainofYouththanfordiscoveringFlorida

in1513.Heneverdidfindthespringthatthenativeshadtoldhimof,andperished

fromapoisonedIndianarrowafewyearslater.

ThelegendoftheFountainofYouthmayhaveoriginatedinnorthernIndia.It

hadreachedEuropebythe7thcentury,andwaswidelyknownthereintheMiddleAges.

Onepainterpaintedafamouspictureofthefabulousspring,withwrinkledoldwomen

goinginatoneendandyoungbeautiescomingoutattheother.Writershave

constantlyimaginedworldswherepeoplelivedtoextraordinaryageswhileholding

ontotheiryouthfullooksandvigorbyvariousmeans,mostlyfoul.Tntherealworld

too,peoplearetemptedtotryallkindsofdisgustingthings,frombathingintubs

ofwarmmudtoreceivinginjectionsofmonkeyglands,al1inthehopeoffoiling

thenegativeeffectsofageing.

Thoughtheprobabilityoflivingtooldagehasrisensharply,theindividual

humanlifespansetbynaturehasremainedmuchthesamethroughmostofrecorded

history.Itwas?evenifmainlyintheory?70yearsatthetimetheBiblewaswritten,

anditisn，tmuchmorenow.Mostpeoplediedofonethingoranotherlongbefore

theirmaximumspanwasup.

Thebigachievementofmoderntimesisthat,indevelopedcountriesatleast,

mostpeoplearenowwe11enoughofftoreachtheagetheyweredesignedfor.Nolonger

dotheydieinlargenumbersinthefirstyearoflife,orlaterfrominfectious

diseasesandmedica