感觉器官解剖生理课件

感觉器官解剖生理PartVThesensoryorgansChapteroneThevisualorganconsistsofeyeballandaccessoryorgansofeye.感觉器官解剖生理SectiononetheEyeball

一、ThestructureofeyeballTheeyeballcomprisesthewalloftheeyeballandthecontentsenclosedbyit．

感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理(一)TheWallofEyeballItconsistsofthreetunics(layers)，

fromoutsideinwards，

whicharethefibroustunic，thevasculartunicandretina．

感觉器官解剖生理1Thefibroustunic(outersupportinglayer)consistsofthesclerabehindandthecorneainfront.1)Thescleraa.features:posteriorfive-sixthsoftheouterlayer.strong,whiteandopaqueb.scleralvenoussinus(Schlemm’canal)2)Thecorneaa.features:anteriorone-sixthoftheouterlayer.transparentandnon-vascular,butrichnerveterminals感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2.Thevasculartunicconsistsoftheiris,theciliarybodyandthechoroid1)Theirisa.locationandshapeb.pupilc.sphincteranddilatorpupillaed.iridocornealanglee.colour:brown,dark,blue.dependsuponthenumberandplacementofpigmentcells(melanocytes)感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2)Theciliarybodya.locationandshapeb.ciliaryringandciliaryprocessesc.ciliarymuscled.ciliaryzonule(suspensoryligament)e.function:produceaqueoushumor感觉器官解剖生理3)Thechoroida.locationandshape:posteriortwothirdsofchoroidb.features:numerousbloodvesselsandpigmentcells感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理3.Theinnertunic(theretina)1)Division:theopticpart,ciliarypartandiridialpart2)Construction:twolayers→outerpigmentedlayerandinnerneuroretina(photoreceptors:rodandconecells)3)Opticdisc(blindspot)4)Maculalutea:foveacentralis→visionissharpest感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理（二）Thecontentsoftheeyeballincludetheaqueoushumor,thevitreousbodyandthelens.Withthecorneaaltogethertoformtherefractivemedia.感觉器官解剖生理l.Thechambersoftheeye:betweenthecorneaandthelens;anddividedintotheanteriorandtheposteriorchambersbytheiris.Itisfilledwithaqueoushumor.2.Theaqueoushumor:producedbythecapillariesoftheciliaryprocesses.Itiscolourless,transparentandwateryfluid.感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理3.Thelens1)Location:liesbetweentheirisandthevitreousbody.2)Features:transparentandelastic,biconvexbodylackingvesselsandnerves3）Structures:outercortexandinnernucleus感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理4.Thevitreousbodycolourless,transparentandjelly-likesubstance.Itfillsthespacebetweenthelensandtheretina(thevitreouschamber)感觉器官解剖生理SectiontwotheaccessoryorgansofeyeTheaccessoryorgansoftheeyeincludestheeyelid,theconjunctiva,thelacrimalapparatus,theextraocularmusclesandthefasciae.感觉器官解剖生理一、Theeyelids(orpalpebrae)includetheupperandlowereyelids1Structures:Palpebralfissure,lacrimalpapillaandpunctum2Layers:skin,subcutaneousareolartissue,orbicularisoculi,tarsus,andconjunctiva.感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理二、TheconjunctivaDivision:bulbarconjunctiva,palpebralconjunctivaandconjunctivalfornix感觉器官解剖生理三、TheLacrimalApparatusconsistsofthelacrimalglandandtbelacrimalpassages感觉器官解剖生理1Thelacrimalgland:liesinthelacrimalfossaoftheorbit感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2Thelacrimalpassages1)Thelacrimalpunctum2)Thelacrimalductule(canaliculus)3)Thelacrimalsac4)Thenasolacrimalduct感觉器官解剖生理四、Theextraocularmuscles1Thefourrectusmusclesthemedialandlateralrectuses,thesuperiorandposteriorrectuses2Thetwoobliquemusclesthesuperiorobliquus(superiorobliquem.)andtheinferiorobliguus(inferiorobliquem.)3Thelevatorpalpebraesuperioris感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理五、TheconnectivetissueintheOrbit1Theadiposebodyoforbit2Thesheathofeyeball(thecapsuleofTenon)3Theepiscleralspace感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理SectionthreeThebloodvesselsofeye一、Thearteriesofeyesuppliedbytheophthalmicartery1Thecentralarteryofretina:superiorandinferiornasalretinalarteries,superiorandinferiortemporalretinalarteries2Theshortposteriorciliaryarteries:supplythechoroidcoatandciliaryprocess3Thelongposteriorciliaryarteries:supplytheiris感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理二、Theveinsofeye1Theophthalmicveins:thesuperiorandtheinferiorophthalmicv.2Thecentralveinofretina感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理ChaptertwothevestibulocochlearorganThevestibulocochlearorganisdividedintothreeparts:theexternal,middleandinternalears.感觉器官解剖生理Sectiononetheexternalear

Theexternalearconsistsoftheauricle,externalacousticmeatus,andtympanicmembrane

感觉器官解剖生理1Theauricle感觉器官解剖生理2Theexternalacousticmeatusextendsfromtheexterna1acousticporetothetympanicmembrane1)Twoparts:lateralpart:thecartilaginouspart(one-third)medialpart:thebonypart(two-thirds)2)Direction:passesmedially,itslateralpartrunsforwardsandupwards,andthenbackwardsandthemedialpartrunsforwardsanddownwards感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理3Thetympanicmembraneovalinform,thinandsemi-transparent1)Twoparts:tensepart(lowerthreefourthsoftympanicmembrane)andflaccidpart(upperonefourth)2)Theumbo3)Coneoflight:lieanteroinferiortothetensepartofumbo感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理SectiontwothemiddleearThemiddleearliesbetweentheexternalandinnerears,andincludesthreeparts:thetympaniccavity,theauditorytubeandthemastoidcells.感觉器官解剖生理1Thetympaniccavityl)Thewallsofthetympaniccavity→sixwalls:a.Thetegmentalwall(superiorwall)b.Thejugularwall(inferiorwall)c.Thecarotidwall(anteriorwall)d.Themastoidwall(posteriorwall)e.Themembranouswall(lateralwall)f.Thelabyrinthinewall(medialwall)感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2)Theauditoryossiclesa.threeossicles:themalleus,incusandstapesb.Themusclesofthetympaniccavity:thetensortympaniandthestapedius感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2Theauditorytube(Eustachiantube)

thechannelthroughwhichthetympaniccavitycommunicateswiththenasopharynx.感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理3Themastoidcellsspacesinthemastoidprocessofthetemporalbone感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理Sectionthreetheinternalear

Theinternal(inner)earliesinthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneandconsistsoftwoparts:

thebonylabyrinthandthemembranouslabyrinth.感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理一、Thebonylabyrinththreeparts:

thecochlea,thevestibuleandthesemicircularcanals.感觉器官解剖生理1Thecochlea:looksliketheshellofasnailandcomposedofthebonycanal感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理2Thevestibule:thecentralpartofthebonylabyrinth.Onitslateralwall,therearetwoopenings:thefenestravestibuliandthefenestracochleae.Ontheposteriorwallofthevestibuletherearethefiveopeningsofthesemicircularcanals.Onitsanteriorwallalargeopeningcommunicateswiththescalavestibuli.感觉器官解剖生理感觉器官解剖生理3Thesemicircularcanalsthreeinnumber,anterior(superior),posteriorandlateralsemicircularcanal感觉器官解剖生理二、Themembranouslabyrinthfrombeforebackwards,includes:thecochlearduct,theutric