Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4SPACEEXPLORATIONDiscoveringusefulstructuresTheInfinitiveastheAttributiveandadverbial动词不定式作定语、状语Practice:1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough

togetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.目的状语目的状语目的状语定语定语FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroadisnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionishowtogetthere.ThefirstpersontocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主语宾语表语定语宾补状语动词不定式形式为“todo”。动词不定式可在句中作___________、___________、_________、___________、_____________和___________，但是不能单独作___________。主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语状语谓语Summary动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示目的、原因、结果等。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。动词不定式作状语todo作状语1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.

=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater________________________itforlateruse.2.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

=Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday______________________________.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesaspurposeadverbial.soasto/inorder

to/torecyclesoasto/inorderto/tokeephealthy3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

=Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace_____________________________________.

4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

=Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

___________________________________________.

soasnotto/inordernotto/nottofloatoff

soasto/inorderto/tokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolSummary1.目的状语:todoinordertodosoasto(只能放句中）inorderthatsothat/so...that(只能放句中）1.目的状语①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo结构（soastodo不可以置于句首）。1.Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.2.Theywenttheretosavepeoplewhowereinjured.3.MoreTVprogrammeswereproducedtoraisepeople’sconcern

overfoodsafety.4.To/Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.5.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.不定式作目的状语，可用inorderto/soasto代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但soasto一般不用于句首。Infinitiveasadverbial1.我写信给你是为了向你表达谢意。I’mwritingtoexpressmyappreciation/thanks/gratitudetoyou.2.我写信给你是为了邀请你参加我们学校举办的文化节。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheculturefestivalheldbyourschool.3.我写信给你是为了告诉你这次比赛的安排。I’mwritingto

informyouofthearrangementsofthematch.4.我写信给你是为了向你表示歉意。I’mwritingtoapologize

toyou/makeanapologytoyou.5.我写信给你是为了向你征求怎样适应高中的建议。I’mwritingtoaskforsomeadviceonhowtogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.Sheisproud

tohavewon

thefirstplace.Heis

glad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.We

were

astonished

tofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(1)常用于“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”结构中,

形容词作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词多是sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。动词不定式作原因状语2.原因状语2.原因状语：sb.beadj.todo听说你要来中国旅游，我感到很高兴。I’mdelighted/glad

tohearthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit.HearingthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit,Ifeelverydelighted.听说你觉得很难适应高中的生活，我觉得很难过。I’msorry

tohearthatyoufinditdifficulttogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.1.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.

2.Hearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.3.Sheistootiredtodothejob.4.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Willyoubesokindastoopenthewindow?不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用onlyto,too...to,enoughto,so...asto来表示结果状语。Infinitiveasadverbial3.结果状语①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我说了什么使你这么激动?不定式作结果状语常与learn,find,see,hear,make等动词连用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她气得连话都说不出来。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)

④too…todo1.LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronaut

tobesentintospaceinChina.2.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.3.LiuYanghasstrongdesiretogotospaceagain.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributivetodo作

定语1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

______________inspace.2.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

=Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedream__________space.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesasattribute.togetmarriedtoflyinto◆Tosmokesomuchisnotverygoodforyourhealth.◆Toform

agoodhabitoflearningisimportantforusstudents.FunctionsofinfinitivesassubjectSummary:单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。常用结构有：①Itis＋adj.＋(of/forsb.)todo...②Itis＋a/an＋名词＋todo...③Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience...todo...④Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork...todo...1.It’snecessaryforustotakeagoodrestbeforeanexam,whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.2.I’mcertainitisagoodchancetoshowyourexcellenthandwriting.Functionsofinfinitivesaspredicate◆Myhouseworkistoclean

all

theroomsformyparentstoday.◆Hisambitionistosetup

schoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies.Summary:不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。Functionsofinfinitivesasobject1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.I’mverybusyatpresent,soIhavetorefusetohelpyou.Summary:动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面，常见的动词有agree,ask,decide,hope,fail,manage,pretend,refuse等。3.Hestilldidn’tunderstandhowtooperatethemachine.Summary:能接“疑问词＋todo”的动词(短语)有decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,findout,understand,see,wonder,hear,explain,tell等。4.IfinditverydifficulttocommunicatewithhiminEnglish.Summary:当不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。可接it作形式宾语的动词有feel,find,make,think等。

Summary:

动词不定式用作定语，放在被修饰的名词________。1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示__________的动作。后面尚未发生2.名词前有_______________等词以及最高级修饰时,其后要用动词不定式。3.抽象名词________________________________________________等或不定代词_______________等后面常用不定式作后置定语。4.当名词与定语之间存在_____关系时。5.当名词与定语之间存在_____关系时。6.当名词与定语有______关系时。Shewasthefirst

Chinesewomantogotospace.first,last,next,onlyJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,waysomething,nothingSheisanicepersontoworkwith.动宾Wemustfindapersontodothejob.主谓Wegottheordertoleavethecity.同位Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.主动语态被动语态意义一般式todotobedone

.进行式

.完成式动作发生在谓语动作

.the

infinitive

tense表将来正在发生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonesummaryattribute定语todo1.放在被修饰名词后面,常表示将要发生的动作；

2.普通名词被序数词、最高级、theonly、thenext等修饰时；3.抽象名词后：dream,desire，opportunity

......4.被修饰词为不定代词：something,nothing,anything等

单句语法填空①________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse．②WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance_______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields．③WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive．④Wouldyoubesokindas________(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?TolearntovisittofindtospareSummarizetheusagesofinfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.adverbial状语attribute定语todo目的状语:结果状语:enoughto

(足够做...),too...to(太...而不能),so/such...asto

(如此...以至于)多修饰名词常作后置定语往往表示晚于谓语发生的动作普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰抽象名词常有：dream,desire,chance,hope,promise,idea,fact,way...todo,inorderto

(可句首句中),soasto

(只能句中)1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

____________________________.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater__________________________________________________.togetmarriedinspaceto/inorderto/soastorecycleitforlateruseRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Chang