GRE（ANALYTICALWRITING）综合模拟试卷1（共45题）

GRE（ANALYTICALWRITING）综合模拟试卷1（共9套）（共45题）GRE（ANALYTICALWRITING）综合模拟试卷第1套一、陈述观点(本题共3题，每题1.0分，共3分。)1、Claim:Inanyfield—business,politics,education,government—thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Reason:Thesurestpathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaimandthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.标准答案：Thequestionofwhetherthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyearsisanissuewithwideimplications.Inthisdebateitisimportanttopointoutthatfailingtoimposelimitsonthedurationofpowerbenefitsonlythoseinpower,whiletheabilityoftheenterprisetosucceedasawholesuffers.Therearemanybenefitstorenewedleadership,includingmoreincentiveforproperexecutionofdutiesaswellasopportunitiesfortheapplicationofnewideasandapproachestooldproblems.But,asbeneficialasnewleadershipcanbeforachievingsuccess,thereareothermoreeffectivewaystostimulatethesameresult.Therefore,whileIagreewiththeclaimthatinanyfieldthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears,inmyopiniontherearemorereliablepathstosuccessthanrevitalizationofleadership.Onecompellingargumentinsupportoftheclaimisthatforcingthoseinpowertostepdownafterfiveyearsisnecessarytokeepleadershipmotivatedtowardachievingsuccess.Forexample,ifthepresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnotforcedtostepdownafterfouryearsunlessreelected,hewouldloseapowerfulsourceofmotivationtosuccessfullyservethewillofthepeople.If,contrarytotheclaim,presidentialtermslastedindefinitely,thepresidentcouldgovernthenationaccordingtopersonalgoalswithoutconsequence.Forthisreason,asystemwithouttermlimitsinviteslacklusterperformanceandcorruption.Thus,inanyfieldthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Secondly,thereasoninsupportoftheclaimistrueinthatoneeffectivepathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Newleadershiphastheabilitytoprovideanenterprisewithrenewedenthusiasmaswellasnewideasandapproaches.Whenanenterpriseundergoesachangeofleadership,itisoftenthecasethatthereisincreasedenthusiasmatalllevelsoftheenterprise,whichcanleadtoincreasedsuccess.Furthermore,enterprisesareequallylikelytobenefitfromnewleadershipthroughtheapplicationofnewideasandapproachestooldproblems.Notallleadershavethesamestrengthsandweaknesses,andthereforeitishighlyunlikelythatanyoneleaderwouldbeabletosolveallproblems.Byinstatingnewleadership,enterprisesaregiventheopportunitytobenefitfromthestrengthsofanewleader,whichoftenresultsintheabilitytosolvepreviouslyunmanageableproblems.Thatsaid,thereasongiveninsupportoftheclaimisnotentirelycorrect.Whileitistruethatnewleadershipcanstimulatesuccessthroughrevitalization,theassertionthatthisisthesurestpathtowardsuccessisunfounded.Amongthemanypathstosuccessthereareseveralthataremoreimportantthanrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Forinstance,revitalizationresultingfromothersourcescanleadtomoresuccessthanrevitalizationthroughleadership.Toillustratethispoint,considerthepossiblebenefitsofdiscoveringanewtechnologytoabusiness.Whenabusinessisabletooutpaceitscompetitorsbyemployingabetterproduct,oramoreefficientmeansofproduction,successisalmostguaranteed.Inlightofthisexample,itbecomesobviousthatrevitalizationthroughnewleadershipisnotthebestwaytoensuresuccess.Insummary,requiringleadershiptostepdownafterfiveyearsisaneffectivemeanstoensurethestabilityandsuccessofanyenterprise.Whilethispolicymaynotbethemosteffectivepathtosuccessduetotheexistenceofother,equallyeffectivemethods,itremainsnecessarytoensurethatleadersaremotivatedtoservetheinterestsoftheenterpriseinpursuitofsuccess.知识点解析：题目要求考生围绕以下这组表述论述个人观点：“[主张]：在任何领域中，无论是商业、政治、教育还是政府，当权者都需要在完成5年任期后下台。[理由]：对任何企业来讲，取得成功最可靠的道路就是通过更新领导层增加活力。”在展开论述的过程中，考生需要讨论题干中支撑“主张”的“理由”。范文脉络全篇论述了“更新领导层是增加组织活力的好方法，但并不是保证成功最有效的方法”的观点。全文呈现总（第1段）一分（第2至4段）一总（第5段）的段落关系。范文的具体思路如下：第一部分：[总述]探讨题干观点，并点明论点“当权者都要在完成5年任期后下台，而且有比更新领导层更可靠的获取成功的方式”。1）当权者是否该适时让位是个复杂的问题。2）不限制当权者的任期只能给当权者谋取利益，让企业遭殃。3）更新领导层有许多好处，但是让企业获得成功的方法不仅限于更新领导层，还有其他更有效的方法。第二部分：[分述]围绕论点展开论证。（一）迫使当权者在任5年后下台是必要的，这样可以保持领导层的进取心：1）例如，美国总统：①如果总统在完成任期后继续当政，他将丧失服务于人民的动机。②如果任期无限延长，总统会根据自己的意志治理国家，而不会担心有任何后果。2）没有任期限制的体制会滋生毫无活力的管理和腐败现象。（二）更新领导层的好处：1）更新领导层是任何企业取得成功的一个有效途径。2）新领导层有积极性，有新点子和新方法。①有新领导的企业，方方面面呈现新气象，能取得更大的成绩。②应用新点子、新方法，可以解决旧问题。a每个领导都有不同的优缺点，一个领导不可能解决所有的问题。b企业会从新领导的管理中获益，很可能解决过去不能处理的问题。（三）针对题干“理由”论述“更新领导层不是最好的获取成功的方式”：1）说“更新领导层”是通向成功最可靠的方法，理由并不充分。2）还有更重要的方法可以帮助企业获得成功：①其他形式的更新会带来更大的成功。a发现可应用于商业的新技术。i应用更好的产品或更有效的生产方式，商家更有可能战胜竞争者。ii新技术可以保障企业获得成功。第三部分：[总述]总结并重申论点。1）要求当权者任满离职是维护稳定和企业成功的有效方式。2）虽然此政策不是最好的取得成功的方式，但对于确保领导层积极服于务企业利益来说是很有效的。2、Claim:Inanyfield—business,politics,education,government—thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Reason:Thesurestpathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaimandthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.标准答案：Thequestionofwhetherthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyearsisanissuewithwideimplications.Inthisdebateitisimportanttopointoutthatfailingtoimposelimitsonthedurationofpowerbenefitsonlythoseinpower,whiletheabilityoftheenterprisetosucceedasawholesuffers.Therearemanybenefitstorenewedleadership,includingmoreincentiveforproperexecutionofdutiesaswellasopportunitiesfortheapplicationofnewideasandapproachestooldproblems.But,asbeneficialasnewleadershipcanbeforachievingsuccess,thereareothermoreeffectivewaystostimulatethesameresult.Therefore,whileIagreewiththeclaimthatinanyfieldthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears,inmyopiniontherearemorereliablepathstosuccessthanrevitalizationofleadership.Onecompellingargumentinsupportoftheclaimisthatforcingthoseinpowertostepdownafterfiveyearsisnecessarytokeepleadershipmotivatedtowardachievingsuccess.Forexample,ifthepresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnotforcedtostepdownafterfouryearsunlessreelected,hewouldloseapowerfulsourceofmotivationtosuccessfullyservethewillofthepeople.If,contrarytotheclaim,presidentialtermslastedindefinitely,thepresidentcouldgovernthenationaccordingtopersonalgoalswithoutconsequence.Forthisreason,asystemwithouttermlimitsinviteslacklusterperformanceandcorruption.Thus,inanyfieldthoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Secondly,thereasoninsupportoftheclaimistrueinthatoneeffectivepathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Newleadershiphastheabilitytoprovideanenterprisewithrenewedenthusiasmaswellasnewideasandapproaches.Whenanenterpriseundergoesachangeofleadership,itisoftenthecasethatthereisincreasedenthusiasmatalllevelsoftheenterprise,whichcanleadtoincreasedsuccess.Furthermore,enterprisesareequallylikelytobenefitfromnewleadershipthroughtheapplicationofnewideasandapproachestooldproblems.Notallleadershavethesamestrengthsandweaknesses,andthereforeitishighlyunlikelythatanyoneleaderwouldbeabletosolveallproblems.Byinstatingnewleadership,enterprisesaregiventheopportunitytobenefitfromthestrengthsofanewleader,whichoftenresultsintheabilitytosolvepreviouslyunmanageableproblems.Thatsaid,thereasongiveninsupportoftheclaimisnotentirelycorrect.Whileitistruethatnewleadershipcanstimulatesuccessthroughrevitalization,theassertionthatthisisthesurestpathtowardsuccessisunfounded.Amongthemanypathstosuccessthereareseveralthataremoreimportantthanrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.Forinstance,revitalizationresultingfromothersourcescanleadtomoresuccessthanrevitalizationthroughleadership.Toillustratethispoint,considerthepossiblebenefitsofdiscoveringanewtechnologytoabusiness.Whenabusinessisabletooutpaceitscompetitorsbyemployingabetterproduct,oramoreefficientmeansofproduction,successisalmostguaranteed.Inlightofthisexample,itbecomesobviousthatrevitalizationthroughnewleadershipisnotthebestwaytoensuresuccess.Insummary,requiringleadershiptostepdownafterfiveyearsisaneffectivemeanstoensurethestabilityandsuccessofanyenterprise.Whilethispolicymaynotbethemosteffectivepathtosuccessduetotheexistenceofother,equallyeffectivemethods,itremainsnecessarytoensurethatleadersaremotivatedtoservetheinterestsoftheenterpriseinpursuitofsuccess.知识点解析：暂无解析3、Claim:Nationsshouldsuspendgovernmentfundingfortheartswhensignificantnumbersoftheircitizensarehungryorunemployed.Reason:Itisinappropriate—and,perhaps,evencruel—tousepublicresourcestofundtheartswhenpeople’sbasicneedsarenotbeingmet.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaimandthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.标准答案：ThereisaChineseproverb,attributedtoMoZi,"Agrainofriceisadropofsweat."Perhapstheartistswiththeirhandsoutwoulddowelltorememberthatwisdombeforebeggingforalivingatpublicexpense.Therearethreelinesofreasoningthatsupportcuttingfundingfortheartsinhardtimes.Tobeginwith,thereissimpleeconomics.Everyfamily,whenitcomestotimetotightenitsbelt,cutstheentertainmentbudgetfirst.Yettheartistswouldhavethegovernmentfundtheireffortswhennooneispayingforthem.Whatisthedifferencebetweenprivateeconomyandpublichere?Itcannotbethattherearetwosourcesofmoney,privateandpublic.Allpublicmoneyistaxmoney,takenfromthecitizens.Amanwhocannotaffordtogotoamovieorconcertis,bytheartist’slogic,stilltobeforcedpayingforthesame.Worse,thecoercioniscovert,buriedingovernmentspendingbills.Second,fundingtheartsintimesofhardshipiselitist.Menwhoworkwiththeirhandscannotfindwork;menwhoneverworkedwiththeirhandsasktobeguaranteedaliving.Ifthegovernmentcannotensurethatordinarypeoplecangettheirliving,bywhatlogicisittosupportthosewhocannotearnalivinganddothegovernmentitselfnoappreciableservice?Privilegemustbesupportedbyclearreasons.Finally,thebusinessofgovernmentasspelledoutintheConstitutionistoprovideforthepersonalandpropertysecurityofitscitizensandfacilitatetrade.Traditionally,thishasbeenheldtoextendtoanarmy,apoliceandjudiciary,andmaintaininginfrastructure.Itisdifficulttosquarethesedutieswithsupportforthearts,saveasanoptionalluxuryitem.Tocountertheseobjections,one’sopponentmightciteErasmus,"WhenIhavemoney,Ibuybooks.WhenIhavemuchmoney,Ibuyfoodaswell."Therearemoreimportantthingsthanmerefood,theargumentmightrun.Thepeopleneedupliftandcivilizationaswell.Moreover,theartsloverwillmaintainthemoneythatgoestotheartsisbutapittancecomparedwiththetrulymonstrousmilitaryspendingthatthecountryengagesin.Sincethatformeramountislow,whetheritisspentorsavedmatterslittleintheschemeofgovernmentfinance.Thesearethestandardarguments.Tothemitmustberepliedfirstthatmodernartisthoroughgoinglyelitist.Acenturyagomosteducatedmencouldnamehalfadozenlivingartists.Itisarareindividualtodaywhocannamebutone.Artnolongerreachesthepeople.AsOrtegayGassetwrote,"Loversofmodernartarethenewaristocracy."Ifarthasnodiscernibleimpactonthepublic,therationaleforitssupportcrumbles.Asforthe"civilizing"effectofart,neverforgetthatitwas"DasVolkderDichterundDenker"—theGermans,the"NationofPoetsandPhilosophers"—wholaunchedthebloodiestwarinhistory,allinthenameof"Kultur."True,theamountspentontheartsistiny.But,mustonecautiontheartistsnottobesoliteral-mindedandcrassastoreckonallintermsofdollars?Worksofartacquirefamefortheemotionaleffecttheyproduce.Consider,then,theemotionaleffectontheunemployedtobetoldthatthetaxesheoncepaidgonottofillhisbellynow,buttosupplythewantsofadauberofcolorsandrhymerofwords.Noneofthisistobetakenasanattackonthearts.Therespondenthereisawriterwhosometimespaintsandkeenlyappreciatesclassicalmusic.Butwhentimesarehard,prioritiesmustbeset.Governmentactivityandspendingmustreturntobasics.Itisbothrevealedtruthandsoundcommonsensethat,"Mandoesnotlivebybreadalone."Buttheauthorofthosewordsneverdeniedthatmandoeslivefirstofallbybread.知识点解析：暂无解析二、评估论证(本题共2题，每题1.0分，共2分。)4、Twoyearsago,radiostationWCQPinRockvilledecidedtoincreasethenumberofcall-inadviceprogramsthatitbroadcast;sincethattime,itsshareoftheradioaudienceintheRockvillelisteningareahasincreasedsignificantly.GivenWCQP’srecentsuccesswithcall-inadviceprogramming,andcitinganationwidesurveyindicatingthatmanyradiolistenersarequiteinterestedinsuchprograms,thestationmanagerofKICKinMedwayrecommendsthatKICKincludemorecall-inadviceprogramsinanattempttogainalargeraudienceshareinitslisteningarea.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.标准答案：WCQPinRockvillereportsagrowingmarketshareoflistenerstwoyearsafterswitchingtoalargelycall-inlineup.KICKRadioinMedwaycontemplatesdoingthesameinhopeofsimilarresults.Beforeplayingcopy-cat,though,KICKneedstolookcloselyathowapplicabletheWCQPexperienceislikelytobetoitsown.Tostartwith,justhowsuccessfulisWCQP?Anincreaseinlistenersisalwaysgood.Butistheincreasegreatenoughtojustifyachangeinphilosophy,programming,andprobablypersonnelbyKICK?Toanswerthis,weneednumbers,notvague,qualitativeadjectiveslike"more."IfWCQP’sisthesuccessstoryitistoutedtobe,surelyotherlocalstationshaveimitateditsprogrammingstyle.Havetheirresultsbeensimilarlysuccessful?Moreimportantly,dotheythemselvesreportthesimpleprogrammingshifttohavebeenthesinglemostimportantfactorinsuccessnew-found?ForthatmatterhastheprogramchangealonebeenthekeytoWCQPsuccess?Havetherebeenanyotherchangesthatmightseemlikelytodrawlisteners?HasthestationlandedoneormorehighlycharismaticDJs?Haveitsmusicofferingsimprovedradically?Ineffect,dolistenerstuneinforthemusicandtheDJs,butstayforthetalk?Themostimportantsetofquestions,however,isthatfocusingcloselyonKICKitself.IsKICK’slistenershipsufficientlyakintoWCQP’stosimilarlybedrawntocall-inshows?IfWCQPbroadcaststoasophisticatedurbanlisteningbase,whileKICK’sdemographicconsistsofrabidTexasfootballfans,theresultsofplaying"metoo!"mightbedisappointing.AssumingKICK’slistenersmightconceivablybedrawninlargenumberstocall-inradio,itneedsnexttobeaskedwhetheranyotherstationsintheMedwayareahavegoneovertoaWCQP-typeformat.Ifanumberalreadyhave,KICKmightbetryingtobreakintoanalreadysaturatedmarket.Insuchcase,standingpatmightbeKICK’sbestcourse.Assmallgroupsofmusicloversdriftawayfromnowcall-inheavystations,KICKmightcarveoutitsownpeculiarlisteningniche.Thiswillbeespeciallythecaseifcall-inradioprovestobeapassingfad.Arethere,then,indicationsthatcall-inradioisthewaveofthefuture?Or,conversely,aretherecounter-indications?ThesematterscallforatleasttentativeanswersbeforeKICKreinventsitself.Finally,oddasitmaysoundinthe"growthatallcosts"hologramofAmericanbusiness,doesKICKneedtodoanythingatall?Thatis,initsownlisteningarea,howsuccessfulisKICK?Aretheygainingmarketshare?Losingit?Orstayingmoreorlessstatic?If"KICKisKing!"anychangeisliabletobefortheworse.Ascountlessgenerationsoffathershavecounseledgenerationsuncountedofsons,"Ifitisn’tbroke,don’tfixit."知识点解析：暂无解析5、ThefollowingisarecommendationfromthebusinessmanagerofMonarchBooks."SinceitsopeninginCollegevilletwentyyearsago,MonarchBookshasdevelopedalargecustomerbaseduetoitsreader-friendlyatmosphereandwideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.Lastmonth,BookandBean,acombinationbookstoreandcoffeeshop,announceditsintentiontoopenaCollegevillestore.MonarchBooksshouldopenitsownin-storecafeinthespacecurrentlydevotedtochildren’sbooks.Givenrecentnationalcensusdataindicatingasignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten,salesofchildren’sbooksarelikelytodecline.Byreplacingitschildren’sbookssectionwithacafe,MonarchBookscanincreaseprofitsandwardoffcompetitionfromBookandBean."Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.标准答案：Panickysentriesontheirfirsttourofcombatdutyarenotoriousfor"shootingatghosts,"thatis,forpanickingandrespondingtoimaginarythreats.ItisnoprettysighttoseeaveteranbusinesslikeMonarchdoingessentiallythesamething.Thatstoreplanstochangethecharacterofitsentireoperationbasedonacoupleofstill-hazysurmisesaboutthefuture.BookandBean,acombobookandcoffeeshop,willsoonopendoorsinCollegeville.Monarchplansacopy-catfacilityinitsstore,basedapparentlyontheassumptionthatthenoveltywillseriouslycutintoitsbusiness.Remodelingisn’tcheap,neitherisafirst-classcoffeeshop’sset-upandstaffing.Monarchcouldbeinvestingheavilyincompetingwithabusinesswhoseimpactisnotyetclear,whosesuccessisfarfromassured.Inordertomakeroomforitscoffeecorner,Monarchwilleliminateitschildren’ssection.Thereasoningbehindthisisbasedontheresultsofanationalcensusindicatingthenumberofrug-ratsandankle-bitersisdeclining"significantly"nationwide.Thisassumesnotonlythatthecensusisright,butthatitsforecastaboutchildreniscorrectforcollegeville.Demographicchangeisnotahomogenousprocess.IfthepercentofPakistanisgrew15%nationwideandPeoriahad100Pakistanislastyear,itdoesnotfollowtheynowhave115.Monarchneedstoturnitsattentiontowhatshiftsarepresentlocally.EvenassumingthatMonarchisrightandthenumberofchildrenisdeclininglocally,itsproposalisanoverreaction.Theyassumethatthe"significant"declineinthenumberofchildrenisenoughtorenderitschildren’sbooksectionunprofitable.Oratleasttheyassumethatthedeclineissufficienttorenderthatsectionlessprofitablethanacoffeeshop.Arelatedassumptionhereisthatfewerchildrenleadtofewersalesofchildren’sbooks.Thisisprobablyaverysafeassumption.Still,ifonecangobythetown’sname,onemightexpectawell-educatedpopulace.Collegetownsdotendtobeliteratelittleenclaves.Assuch,thoughthenumberofchildrenmaybegoingdown,theirpercapitabookbuyingisstilllikelytotopthenationalaverage.Monarch’sassumptionmaybeabitgloomierthantheactualsituation.Monarchassumesthatalloftheforegoingwarrantsreplacingitschildren’ssection.Thisassumesthattheshiftinchildren’snumbersisthesolenoteworthydevelopmentaffectingthebooksellingbusiness.Isit?Certainlythereareotherdemographictrendsthataffectabookstore.ImmigrationandpoliticallycorrecteducationmightbetakingabiteoutofclassicEnglishliterature.(JosephConrad,StephenCrane,andevenMarkTwainhavecomeunderfirefromthePCInquisition.)MightnotMonarchhedgeitsbets?Thatis,mighttheynotmakeroomforthecoffeeshopbyshrinking—notyeteliminating—thestore’sfourorfiveslow-movingsections?Thiswouldamounttoaflexibleresponseastrendsemerge.MonarchfurtherassumesthatBeanandBookwillaffordcompetitionthatcallsfor"wardingoff."WithMonarch’stwentyyearheadstartinwinningcustomerloyaltyandcateringtotheirneeds,itmightseemthatitisB&BwhoneedstoworryhowitwillbudgetheMonarchmonolith.Whenyou’reNumberOne,youcanaffordtoawaittheshapeoftheother’seffortsbeforecraftingaresponse.Monarchstandspoised,however,tocommittoaprematureprogramofaction.知识点解析：暂无解析GRE（ANALYTICALWRITING）综合模拟试卷第2套一、陈述观点(本题共3题，每题1.0分，共3分。)1、Educationalinstitutionshavearesponsibilitytodissuadestudentsfrompursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,besuretoaddressthemostcompellingreasonsand/orexamplesthatcouldbeusedtochallengeyourposition.标准答案：Theissueofwhethereducationalinstitutionshavearesponsibilitytodissuadestudentsfrompursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceediscomplicated.Itistruethatthereisconsiderablesupportfortheopinionthatstudentsshouldbeencouragedtopursueanysubjectofpersonalinterest.However,educationalinstitutionsexisttoeducatestudents,andwiththisgoalinmindeverystepshouldbetakentoensurethatstudentsaresuccessfulintheirstudies.Allowingeverystudentunfetteredentryintoanyfieldofstudywouldhaveadeleteriouseffectonthisgoal,thereforeeducationalinstitutionsmustdissuadestudentsfrompursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.Onecompellingargumentinsupportofthestatementisthatstudentsshouldbedissuadedfrompursuingfieldsofstudytheyareunlikelytobesuccessfulinbecauseunderperformingstudentscanhaveadeleteriouseffectonthequalityofeducationforallotherstudentsinaclass.If,contrarytothestatement,allstudentswereallowedentryintoallfieldsofstudy,thenthepaceofclasseswouldhavetobedecreasedtoaccommodatetheweakerstudents.Asaresultlessmaterialwouldbecoveredandqualityofeducationwouldsufferaccordingly.Simplystated,allowingstudentstopursuefieldsofstudytheyareunlikelytosucceedinisimprudentduetothenegativeeffectssuchapracticewouldhaveonthequalityofeducationforallstudents.Anothermeaningfulargumentconcernsthesecondaryfocusofacademicinstitutions.Whileitistruethateducationistheprimaryfocus,thegoalofstudentsuccessshouldalwaysbeaclosesecond.Whenconsideringthataprimaryfocusofacademicinstitutionsistoensurestudentsuccess,thereisnoquestionthatinstitutionsshoulddissuadestudentsfrompursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheyouthfulnessofthemajorityofstudentsistakenintoaccount.Anumberofstudentsaretooinexperiencedtomakeprudentacademicdecisionswithoutassistancefromacademicinstitutions.Inlightofthis,ratherthanallowingstudentstopursuefieldsofstudythattheyhavebeendeterminedtobeunlikelytosucceedin,institutionsshouldprovideguidanceforstudentsinfindingthefieldstheyaremostlikelytosucceedin.Giventhegoalsofacademicinstitutions,thepolicyoutlinedinthestatementjustmakessense.Opponentsofthisviewmaycontendthatitisdifficultorevenimpossibletoaccuratelydeterminewhichstudentswillbesuccessfulinafieldofstudy.Forinstance,inanyfieldofstudystudentsadmittedwithperfectgradepointaveragesandexamscoresareoftenoutperformedbystudentswhoonlyjustmetentrancerequirements.Whilethispointisdulynoted,theargumentisshort-sightedinthatitdoesnotchangethefactthateducationqualitywouldstillsufferifallstudentswereallowedentryintoallfields.Educationalinstitutionsregularlyhavethousandsofstudentsandpoliciesthatcannotbedeterminedbasedonstatisticaloutliers.Inlightoftheabove,itbecomesclearthatinordertobestensuretheeducationqualityandsuccessofstudents,educationalinstitutionsareresponsiblefordissuadingstudentsfrompursuingfieldsofstud)’theyareunlikelytosucceedin.Ininstitutingsuchapolicy,thoughsomestudentsmaybediscouragedfrompursuingfieldsthattheyarecapableofperformingwellin,theeducationqualityandsuccessofthestudentbodyasawholewouldbeimprovedandthesegoalsmustremainthemostimportanttoeducationalinstitutions.知识点解析：题目要求考生围绕“教育机构有责任劝导学生不去研究他们不太可能成功的领域”这一论断论述个人观点。考生无论持何种立场，都要在论述中重点驳斥与己方观点相左的一方可能会使用的有力论据和例子。范文的具体思路如下：全篇以“教育机构的目标”为切入点，论述了“教育机构必须劝导学生不去研究他们不太可能成功的领域”的观点。全文呈现总（第1段）一分（第2至4段）一总（第5段）的段落关系。第一部分：[总述]支持题干观点，并点明论点“教育机构必须劝导学生不去研究他们不太可能成功的领域”。1）一方面，我们应该鼓励学生钻研自己感兴趣的领域。2）另一方面，教育机构的存在是为了教育学生，这要求教育机构保证学生在学业上取得成功。3）让学生毫无限制地学习各个领域的知识会影响教育机构达到自身目的。第二部分：[分述]论证教育机构为什么要阻止学生任其兴趣发展。（一）不限制学生学习的领域会对教学质量产生不良的影响：1）学习落后的学生会影响同班其他同学所受教育的质量。2）如果学生什么都可以学，教学进度必然将放慢，以便让落后的学生能够跟上。3）课堂教授的内容减少，教学质量相应降低。（二）教育机构首要的关注点是保证学生学业成功：1）学生学业上的成功和教育一样重要。2）某些学生太年轻、缺乏经验：①没有教育机构的帮助，学生不能做出谨慎的课业选择。②教育机构应该为学生提供指导，帮助学生找到最可能成功的领域。3）根据教育机构的目标，支持题干观点。（三）驳斥与己方相左的观点：1）有人认为不可能准确地判断学生可能会成功的领域。①例如，入学分数高的学生常常被压线入学的学生反超。2）但是，允许学生学习任何他们喜欢的领域，还是会降低教学质量。3）教育机构通常有数千学生，他们没有教育经验，不能决定教育政策。第三部分：[总述]总结并重申论点“为了保障教育质量和学生的学业成功，教育机构要劝导学生不去从事不太可能成功的领域”。1）有些学生可能会受到劝阻，没有进入自己也可以取得成绩的领域。2）但是，教学质量和学生整体的课业成功程度将提高。2、Claim:Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive.Reason:Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation’sculturaltraditionsarepreservedandgenerated.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.andthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.标准答案：Forthemajorityofhumanhistorytheruralpopulationhasoutstrippedtheurbanpopulation.However,thetraditionaldemographicmodelhasrecentlybeensubjecttoupheavalastheperce