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课程主题:介词与数词专题讲解授课时间:学习目标学习目标:掌握数词的相关用法和考点;2.掌握介词的相关用法和考点。教学内容【进门测试】1.I’dlike__________(wash)clothes.2.Lethim__________(put)booksontheshelf.3.Ilike__________(walk)thedogafterdinner.4.Mylittlebrothercan’t__________(sweep)thefloor.5.There__________(be)anybreadonthetable.6.Billyisgoodat__________(skate)ontheice.7.Billylikes__________inthe__________room.(read)8.Where__________SuHai__________?She__________onSunStreet.(live)9.Ican’tplaybasketball.Mybrothercan’tplaybasketball__________(too).10..Hisfather_______(work)inthecity,andhismotherisa_______(teach).11.Mybirthdayison__________(nineteen)ofApril.12.__________(Tim)birthdayisonthe30thofAugust.13.Canyouhelp__________(I),Bobby?14.What’swrongwith__________(she)?15.Helenlikes__________(eat)sweets.答案:1.towash2.put3.walking4.sweep5.is6.skating7.readingreading8.doesliveliveseither10.worksteacher11.thenineteenth12.Tim’s13.me14.her15.eating【多元导学】【互动精讲】批注:知识点精讲与练习。建议时间为60分钟。数词【知识梳理1】数词的概述数词分为基数词和序数词。【知识梳理2】基数词例:one,two,three,four…像这样表示数目数字的词叫基数词。批注:让学生数数,体会数字的概念引出基础词的概念。1、基数词的写法:(1)1~12:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve(2)13~19:以-teen为结尾:thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen(3)20~90:以-ty结尾:twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety(4)21~99:十位与个位之间要加连字符“—”:twenty-one,sixty-five,ninety-nine总结:1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty21twenty-one3three13thirteen30thirty32thirty-two4four14fourteen40forty43forty-three5five15fifteen50fifty54fifty-four6six16sixteen60sixty65sixty-five7seven17seventeen70seventy76seventy-six8eight18eighteen80eighty87eighty-seven9nine19nineteen90ninety98ninety-eight10ten100onehundred批注:特别强调十二(twelve),二十(twenty),十四fourtee,四十forty,九十ninety,这几个数的写法学生易错。基数词的读法:(1)基本掌握:百:hundred;千:thousand;百万:million;十亿:billion这些单词后面不加s,除非特殊情况,成百上千hundredsof,成千上万thousandsof,上百万的millionsof,在英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”,但美式英语中则不用。(2)例子说明:202读作:twohundredandtwo234读作:twohundredandthirty-four1,234读作:onethousand,twohundredandthirty-four3,077读作:threethousand,andseventy-seven11,234读作:eleventhousand,twohundredandthirty-four155,721读作:onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwenty-one6,155,702读作:sixmillion,onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwo26,000,008读作:twenty-sixmillion,andeight【知识梳理3】序数词例:first,second,third…像这样表示顺序次第的词叫序数词。序数词的写法:=1\*GB3①序数词一般是以与之相适应的基数词加词尾th构成,如:seventh,tenth…=2\*GB3②特殊的变化:one(first),two(second),three(third),five(fifth),eight(eighth),nine(ninth),twelve(twelfth)=3\*GB3③以-ty结尾的词,要先变y为i,再加eth,如:twenty(twentieth),forty(fortieth).=4\*GB3④以one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine收尾的多位数词,要按照第一条变法变。如:twenty-one(twenty-first),thirty-two(thirty-second),forty-five(forty-fifth)基数词变序数词口诀来啦基数词变序数词口诀来啦一二三,自己记,(词尾分别tdd)五和十二f替ve,八省t,九去e,遇到y变ie,再加th,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以,其他全部加th。批注:学生最容易写错four/fourteen/forty及nine/nineteen/ninety的基数词,特殊强调一下four—fourth,fourteen—fourteenth,forty—fortieth,nine—ninth,nineteen—nineteenth,ninety—ninetieth2、序数词表示日期2001年6月30日译为June30,2001/June30th,2001/thethirtiethofJune,2001批注:具体到某天日期前用on,如:onJune30,2001【例题精讲】例1.--When’syourbirthday?--It’sonthe________ofDecember.解析:本题问“你生日是什么时候?”本题表达12月3日即:thethirdofDecember,所以填third。答案:third例2.--What______isittoday?--It’sthesecondofJanuary.A.dateB.dayC.colourD.time解析:根据回答今天是1月2日,判断问句询问日期所以是选择date,选A答案:A批注:对日期提问用:Whatdateisittoday?(或What’sthedatetoday?)对星期提问用:Whatdayisittoday?对时间提问用:Whattimeisit?(或What’sthetime?)【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空:1.Westillneed(nine)morechairsforthemeetingroom.2.Eric,the(five)sonofthefamily,hasaspecialinterestinphysics.答案:nine,fifth【知识梳理4】数词的某些用法1、表示计量:表示事物的计量,即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度,应采用基数词。如:Itis50metres/kilometers/mileslong(wide,deep,high).它有50米/千米/英里长(宽、深、高)。2、表示编号:编号的数字如果过小,可用序数词或基数词表示;如果数字较大,通常用基数词表示。如:Thetenthlesson=LessonTen

第10课

Room405

第405号房

Page215

第215页

No.14MiddleSchool

第14中学

TelephoneNO.5855806

电话:5855806表示不确切的数字:基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字,而基数词复数形式加上“of”表示确切的数字。如:fivehundredstudents

500名学生

twothousandpeople

2000人

hundredsofstudents

几百名学生

millionsofworkers

数百万的工人表示年龄的主要句式如下如:

Heisaboyof10yearsold.

Heis10yearsold.

Attheageoften,hebegantolearnEnglish.

Heis10(yearsofage).

Heisaten-year-oldboy.

5、基数词表示时刻(1)顺读法:钟点+分钟(按照顺序用基数词直接说:先说时,再说分)逆读法:分钟+钟点7:25seventwenty-fivetwenty-fivepastseven12:54twelvefiftyfoursixtoone9:15ninefifteenaquarterpastnine2:30twothirtyhalfpasttwo方法总结:顺读法比较简单直接按顺序说即可,逆读法借助to和past可以通过下面的公式记忆:分<30分past时分>30分to时+1分=30halfpast时分=15aquarterpast/to时(2)钟点时刻前介词用at,如:在9点15分ataquarterpastnine复习:at用于:时刻,三餐,年龄,节日(无day)in用于某年,某月,某季节on用于具体某一天,如:onSundaymorning,onacoldmorning,onthemorningofSeptember25th.onSunday,onthefirstofJune等。

【例题精讲】例1.Linglingisin__________.A.ClassFour,GradeSixB.Gradesix,ClassFourC.Classfour,gradesixD.Grade6,Class4解析:根据句意六年四班先写班级再说年级,班级,年级,数词的首字母都大写,所以选A.例2.Wearelearning___________

now.

A.thetwenty-firstlesson

B.LessonTwenty-firstC.the21thlesson

D.Lesson21st解析:本句句意为“我们现在正学习第21课”。lesson在前面,后面跟基数词,排除B,D;在表达日期时序数词可以简写,在此不能用简略的表达,选A.例3.Igetupaboutsevenfifty-five.A.in B.on C.at D.for解析:钟点时刻前介词用at,选C【巩固练习】1.Nanhuidistrictwillprovidefivesquaremetersofcheaperhouses.A.millionsofB.millionsC.millionD.millionof答案:C2.Wewillbegladtocelebrateourmotherland,China'sbirthdayonOctober1st,2009.(sixty)答案:sixtieth3.用past或to的句型。(1)Whattimeisit?(8:30)It’s___________________________.(2)Whatisit?(9:15)It’s___________________________.(3)Whattimeisit?(7:45)It’s___________________________.(4)Whatwasthedate?(1893年1月26日)It____________________________________________________________________.答案:1.It’shalfpasteight.2.It’saquarterpastnine.3.It’saquartertoeight.4.ItwasJanuarytwenty-sixtheighteenninety-three.名词【知识梳理1】基本概念名词是表示人或物、地点、行为、感情以及抽象概念的词。是世界上万事万物的名称。【知识梳理2】基本分类名词专有名词(首字母大写)普通名词可数名词个体名词(个别人或事物football,factory)集体名词(若干个个体组成的集体class,army)不可数名词物质名称(无法分为个体的事物milk,water)抽象名词(动作、状态等抽象概念love,interest)专有名词:表示某一特定的人、月份、节日、地名、机构等。例:SongWei,July,China普通名词:表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可分为可数名词和不可数名词。【知识梳理3】可数名词的复数变化1)五种规则变化※直接加-s的占多数;如:bookstudentcomputerbasketmovieapplekey※词尾若是-s,-x,-ch,sh,直接加上-es;如:busboxclasswatchbrushmatchglassdish※“辅音字母+y”,要把y变为i再加-es;如:babyladyfamilycitystoryfactorycountryhobby如果是元音字母+y,直接+s;如:toydayboykey※词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要把f或fe变为ve;如:leaf→leaves、half→halves、wife→wives、knife→knives、shelf→shelves、wolf→wolves;thief→thieves※词尾若是o,加-es的有Negro,hero,mango,tomato和potato;其他加s。2)五种不规则变化※单复同形:sheep,deer,fish※变元音:foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice※变词尾:ox-oxen公牛,child-children孩子口诀一:中日不变英法变,其余一律加-s;口诀一:中日不变英法变,其余一律加-s;口诀二:中日友谊是一致,英法联盟a改e,其他一律加-s。不变:Chinese-Chinese中国人Japanese-Japanese日本人词尾加-s:如:German-Germans德国人Russian-Russians俄罗斯人Roman-Romans罗马American-Americans美国人Australian-Australians澳大利亚人Indian-Indians印度人变man为men:Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人Englishman-Englishmen英国人German-Germans是陷阱※复合名词:(1)直接把后面的名词变复数;如:tooth-brushes(牙刷),appletree→appletrees(苹果树)(2)由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词,两部分皆变。如:mandriver-mendrivers,womandoctor-womendoctors3)只有复数形式的名词:一些学科名词:mathematics(数学),physics(物理学),politics(政治学)等由两部分组成:pants,trousers,jeans,shorts,glasses,chopsticks,scissors,socks,gloves等【例题精讲】写出以下单词的复数形式:toy-__________dish-__________mango-__________map-__________leaf-__________sheep-__________tooth-__________woman-_________factory-__________zoo-__________ship-__________radio-__________German-__________Chinese-__________Englishman-__________答案:toys;dishes;mangoes;maps;leaves;sheep;teeth;women;factories;zoos;ships;radios;Germans,Chinese,Englishmen【巩固练习】判断下列句子的正误,正确的填“T”,错误的填“F”,并改正:1.I’dlikesometomatosforlunch.()2.Howmanyphotoscanyousee?()3.TherearetwobigzoosinShanghai.()4.Tomlikescollectingleafves.()5.ZhangPengiscatchingbutterflysnow.()答案:1.Ftomatos改为tomatoes2.T3.T4.Fleafves改为leaves5.Fbutterflys改为butterflies【知识梳理4】不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词,称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如:rubbish,milk,rice,soup,water,money,meat等。1)常考不可数名词water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(纸),time(时间),music,weather,news,fish(鱼肉),exercise(锻炼),room(空间),information。2)不可数名词的量aglassofwater一杯水acupoftea一杯茶abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶apieceofbread一片面包abasketoffood一篮食物apieceofnews/bread一条消息/一片面包twobagsofrice两袋米threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡fivekilosofmeat五公斤肉twopiecesofbread两片面包注意:一些可数名词也可以用单位词表示量:单位词和名词同时变复数如:twobagsofapplesfourpoundsoftomatoes四磅西红柿room(空间)—rooms(房间)room(空间)—rooms(房间)work(工作)—works(著作)glass(玻璃)—glasses(眼镜)time(时间)—-times(倍数,次数,时代)paper(纸)—papers(试卷,证件,报纸)fruit(水果)—fruits(各种水果)drink(饮料)—drinks(各种饮料)【例题精讲】翻译短语和句型:例1.一杯牛奶__________________三杯咖啡_________________解析:凡是用量词表达的不可数名词变成复数时,复数加在“量词”上。答案:aglassofmilk;threecupsofcoffee例2.有一些面包在冰箱里。___________________________________________________答案:Thereissomebreadinthefridge.【巩固练习】用be的适当形式填空:1.There________(be)somegreentreeshere.解析:Therebe句型be动词选择看后面的名词,后面名词是trees复数形式,所以填are。2.There________(be)somemilkinthebottle.解析:这里be动词后面是不可数名词milk,所以填is。3.There_________(be)someeggsandsomebreadonthetable.解析:本题考查therebe句型的就近原则,这里离be动词近的名词是eggs,所以be动词用are。4.There_________(be)somebreadandsomeeggsonthetable.解析:这里考查therebe句型的就近原则,这里离be动词近的是不可数名词bread,所以be动词用is。批注:be动词的选择是有其后的名词决定的。be动词后面是并列名词时,be动词选择遵循就近原则,即取决于离be动词近的名词。【知识梳理5】名词所有格名词所有格是表示人或物品的所属关系,它有两种形式:“’s所有格”和“of所有格”(1)’s所有格构成形式1)首先判断好名词的单复数,其次,若名词以s结尾,为避免重复,直接加’;若名词没有以s结尾,则加’s如:Lucy’shair,mymother’sbag,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,students’readingroom学生们的阅览室2)表示时间,距离的词的所有格加’s,以s结尾只加’,如:fiveminutes’walk(2)共同所有格与个体所有格如:She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一个母亲)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母亲)(3)of所有格构成形式如果名词代表的事物是无生命的,常用“of+名词”来表示它的所有格,翻译时采用倒叙。如:thewindowsoftheclassroom教室的窗户窗户的教室(4)双重所有格:of+名词所有格,如:afriendofmine我的一个朋友如何判断是共同拥有还是分别拥有,需要根据所有格后面名词的单复数进行判断,如果是单数,就表明是共同拥有,如果是复数,就表明是分别拥有。【例题精讲】例.Thisisnotmydictionary(字典).It’s________.Shelent(借出)ittomethismorning.A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysister’sD.mysisters解析:句意为:这不是我的字典,它是我姐姐的。所以此处应为“mysister’s”,选C答案:C【巩固练习】用所给词的适当形式填空:1.Ifoundsomethingimportantin_____(today)newspaper.

2.Chocolateisusuallythe_________(child)favoritefood.答案:1.today’s2.children’s【课堂检测】一、单项选择。()1.Myhomeisabout___________awayfromtheschool.

A.ninetymetre

B.ninetymetresC.ninetymetre

D.nintymetres()2.Thisisher__________birthday.

A.twenty

B.twentieth

C.thetwentieth

D.thetwenty’s

()3.Thebookcost(花费)me_________yuan.

A.fourty-five

B.fortyfiveC.forty-five

D.fourtyfive

()4.--Whatdayisittoday?

--___________

A.June

B.Tuesday

C.Itishot

D.It’sNovember13th

()5.--What’sthedatetoday?

--___________.

A.It’sSaturday

B.It’sJuly

C.It’sfine

D.It’sJuly15th()6.Jimisin__________.

A.classone,gradesix

B.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSix

D.GradeOne,ClassSix()7.Mrs.Green’s______sonisinJapannow.A.twoB.secondC.2thD.thesecond答案:BBCBDCB二、根据句意,从括号里选择正确的单词填空完成句子。1.--Howmanyapplesarethere?--There’re________(fourth,four).2.Thereare_______(twelve,twelfth)monthsayear.3.--Whatdateisittoday?--It’sthe______(six,sixth)ofJanuary.4.Thereare_____(forty,fourty,fourteen)studentsinourclass.Thatis19boysand21girls.

答案:four;twelve;sixth;forty名词练习单项选择()1.Thereare________onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.photoesB.photosC.photo()2.I’dlikesome________.A.tomatoB.tomatosC.tomatoes()3.Allmy________tomybirthdaypartylastnight.

A.friendscameB.friendcameC.friendscome()4.--Whereare________?--Theyareonthechair.

A.Tony'sbooksB.Tony'sbookC.Tonybooks()5.Isawmany________inthestreet.A.peoplesB.peopleC.people’s()6.Thegreensweaterishis________.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’s()7.Thepighasfour________.A.footB.feetC.foots()8.Mytwobrothersareboth________.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen

()9.Icanseeten________inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig

()10.Thegirloftenbrushesher________beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth答案:BCAABCBCAC【要点回顾】1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结;2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结,可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。【温故知新】一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出/。

city______________zoo______________man______________water______________mouse______________boy______________broom______________juice______________horse______________fox______________

thief_____________baby______________radio______________piano______________leaf______________life______________woman______________child______________foot______________deer______________watch______________diary______________day______________branch______________dress______________

sheep______________tea______________rice______________

strawberry___________

peach______________sandwich______________milk______________答案:cities;zoos;men;/mice;boys;brooms;/horses;foxes;thieves;babiesradios;pianos;leaves;liveswomen;children;feet;deerwatches;diaries;days;branchesdresses;sheep;/;/strawberries;peaches;sandwiches;/二、单项选择。()1.The________inouryardareverybeautiful.

A.clothB.waterC.flowersD.news()2.TomisoneoftheChinese________inourschool.

A.boyB.boysC.boiesD.babys()3.Acathasfour________.

A.footsB.feetC.feetsD.foot

()4.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?

A.fishB.bookC.horseD.bird()5.The________hastwo________.

A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watchD.boys;watches()6.Theycomefromdifferent________.A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()7.Howmany________doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato()8.Therearesome________inthese________.A.knifes,pencil-boxesB.knives,pencils-boxC.knives,pencil-boxD.knives,pencil-boxes()9.Thereisno________intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs答案:1-5CBBAB6-9BBDC三、填入所给名词的正确形式。1.Ihavetwo____________(knife).2.Therearemany___________(box)here.3.Therearemany___________(bus)ontheroad.4.Afew__________

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