2025年高考英语总复习专项练习4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解

练习4单句语法填空+阅读理解

I.单句语法填空（定语从句和状语从句）

1.Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek,atimemostofourclientswillhavebeenbackfrom

abroad.

答案与解析：when句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国外回来了。设空

处引导定语从句，先行词为atime,关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。

2.[2024•湖南长郡中学检测]Thereasonhewaslateforworkwashemissedthebusby

oneminutethismorning.

答案与解析：why;that句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了公共汽车。第一空

应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason,第二空应用that引导表语从句。故填why;that。

3.[2024-河北深州中学期末]Withatotallengthof4,000metersandawidthof75meters,oneofitsrunways

isa4Frunway-thehighestlevelintheinternationalaviationindustry,largecivilaircraftlikeanAirbus

A380cantakeoffandland.

答案与解析：where句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4000米，宽75米，是国际航空业中等级最高的

4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非

限制性定语从句，先行词是runway,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

4.WheneverIreadtheoldletters,wasfairlyoften,sweetmemorieswarmedmyheart.

答案与解析：which分析句子可知，wasfairlyoften是个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整

个句子，系动词was前缺少主语，故填which。

5.Withalovingcharacter,Tomissuchakindandhelpfulpersonwecannotpraisetoomuch.

答案与解析:as分析句子可知，定语从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词akindandhelpfulperson

前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。

6.ItisthefamilyphotohungonthewallthatalwaysremindsmethatfamilyistheplaceIshould

trymybesttotakecareof.

答案与解析：which/that分析句子结构可知，动词短语takecareof后缺少宾语，且先行词为theplace,

故用which或that来引导该定语从句。

7.AsfarasIamconcerned,youthisaperiodweshouldstudyhardandmakeourselveswell

preparedforthefuture.

答案与解析：when分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词aperiod,且在从句中作时间状

语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为未来做好充分准备的时期。

8.Youngsheis,shehastraveledtomanycountriestoputonshows.

答案与解析：as/though分析句子结构可知，as/though在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示

“尽管”。

9.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.

答案与解析：before那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开

To根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前"，故填before。

10.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedhecouldn'tsleeplastnight.

答案与解析：that分析句子结构可知，此处为such...that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从

句,故填thato

II.阅读理解

A

2023•新课标I卷记叙文320词★★★☆☆

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage

（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,a

cityinsoutheastChina.

（"Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat*shappening.Thenyoulet

thesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机

器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoods

aroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthis

processcouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索

房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石

后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及第二段

“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?（在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些

植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。

2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

D・Totesttheeco-machine.

答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（几个星期后，约

翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleft

waspurewater.（他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它

就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

3.Whatistheauthor*spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn*sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.He

developedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healso

designedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（这些年来,约翰承担了许多重

大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态

机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。

4.WhatisthebasisforJohn*swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat's

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把微生物放在新的关系中,

并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然

可以自我修复。故选A。

B

2024.新课标H卷，B记叙文269词★★☆☆☆

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveour

phones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.

Well,there*sakiosk（小亭）forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates（检票口）andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,a

three-minute,orafive-minutestory,“saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFrancisco

BayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-like

shortstory.”

It'sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunched

lastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.

Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders."Wewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacallto

artistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,“Trostsays."Andasofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120

submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.^^

Ridershipontransit（交通）systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshort

storiessavetransit?

Trostthinksso.

“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetherider

experience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,“shesays.

Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.

语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——阅读亭项目

【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯官艾丽西亚・特罗斯特根据车站乘客的

需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。

5.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.

B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers*needs.

D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

答案与解析：C推断。题干中的kiosk在第二段“there'sakiosk（小亭）forthat”中首次出现，句中的that

指代文章第一段中的"butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted”,即很多人仍然喜欢

选择传统方式，读一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目，故答案为C。

6.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?

A.Bypopularity.B.Bylength.

C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.

答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据文章第三段中的“ittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,or

afive-minutestory"和"Youchoosewhichlengthyouwant”可知，你可以根据自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3

分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故答案为B。

7.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?

A.Organizingastorycontest.

B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.

C.Choosingaprintpublisher.

D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.

答案与解析：A理解具体信息。根据文章第五段中的"wedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmit

storiesforacontest"和"asofrightnow,we*vereceivedabout120submissions”可知，特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交

故事参加比赛，并且目前为止收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛，故答