2025年牛津译林版中考英语复习语法专题宾语从句（讲练结合）

宾语从句【知识梳理一】宾语从句的概念、结构和类别1.概念:当宾语是由一个句子在充当时,这个句子就叫宾语从句。常置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句如：Ilovewhatyougaveme.从句主句连接词从句主句连接词类别一、动词宾语从句（大多数动词或者动词短语后接宾语）Iknowwhathewantstodo.二、介词宾语从句（介词后的宾语为从句）Wearetalkingaboutwhoshouldgothere.三、形容词宾语从句（常用形容词:glad,pleased,sure,sorry,afarid,）IamsureIwillpasstheexam.【巩固练习】画出下面句子的宾语或宾语从句Tomsucceededinpassingtheimportantexam.Wearetalkingaboutwherewearegoing.IwonderifImayhaveawordwithyou.I’msorrythatIcan’tplaybasketballwithyoutonight.【知识梳理二】宾语从句的连接词考点一：由that，if或whether引导的宾语从句在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。一、由that引导的宾语从句1.that可以引导宾语从句，此时从句部分相当于一个陈述句。that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。宾语从句可跟在主句动词（know，think，believe，hope，mean，wish，say等）或主句形容词（afraid，certain，sure，glad，sorry等）之后。Ibelieve(that)youareapersonofgodcharacter. 我认为你是一个具有优秀品质的人。Ihope(that)shewillbeeawonderfulwomanjustlikehermother.我希望她将成为一个像她母亲一样了不起的女性。Iamafraid(that)Iwilllosethisimportantmatch. 恐怕我会输掉这场重要的比赛。Iamglad(that)youcanefordinner. 我很开心你能来吃晚餐。【特别提醒】在以下情况下，that不可省略。A.当宾语从句的主语是that时。Hesaysthatisarealgoldennecklace. 他说那是一条真的黄金项链。B.当宾语从句前有插入语时。Hesays,forexample,heisinterestedinMaths. 他说，例如他对数学感兴趣。C.当宾语从句为主从复合句时I’mafraidifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.D.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.2.由that引导的宾语从句的否定形式当主句的主语是第一人称（I，we），而且谓语动词是think，guess，believe，suppose,expect等时，如果从句要表达否定含义，则否定只能体现在主句的谓语动词上面，这种情况叫作否定前移。Idon’tthink(that)thegirlcandotheworkalone. 我认为这个女孩自己做不了这份工作。Idon’tbelieve(that)herefusedtheinvitation. 我相信他没有拒绝邀请。由if或whether引导的宾语从句1.当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。后接if/whether的常见词有：ask/wanttoknow/wonder/doubt/I’mnotsure。Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim. 他问我是否可以帮助他。Couldyoutellmeif/whetherheknowsheraddress? 你能告诉我他是否知道她的地址吗?2.if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。(1)if或whether引导宾语从句时，虽具有疑问的意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。Didyouknowthewaytothehospital?Theoldwomanaskedme.→Theoldwomanaskedmeif/whetherIknewthewaytothehospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。Idon’tknowif(whether)hehasehere.我不知道他是否来过这儿。Tomaskedif(whether)Ihadreadthebook.汤姆问我是否看过这本书。一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if，而在以下几种情况下，只能用whetherA.与ornot直接连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。Nobodyknowswhetherornotitwillraintomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否会下雨。B.在介词后只能用whether，不能用if。Theboyworriesaboutwhetherhehashurthismothersheart.男孩担心他是否伤了妈妈的心。C.在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。Ican’tdecidewhethertogoortostay. 我不能决定是走是留。D.作discus等词的宾语时，只能用whether不能用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop. 我们讨论是否该关闭那家商店。常用口诀：前有介词狼，后有todo虎，句中句末有not,只能用whether.【例题精讲】1.—Youlooksoworried,James.Whathappened?—I’mstillthinking______Icanpasstheexamornot.though B.whether C.unless D.until2.—Idon’tcareof__________heishandsome.why B.whether C.if D.who3.—DoyouknowifTom____________toplaybaseballwithus?—Hewilleifhe___________timetomorrow.es;hasB.es;willhave C.wille;hasD.wille;willhaveBBC考点二：连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句1.特殊疑问句作宾语从句可由连接代词what/who/whom/whose/which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,因此不能省略。【精讲】e.g.Doyouknowwhowillethisafternoon?(作主语)你知道今天下午谁会来吗?e.g.Didyouhearwhatshesaid?(作宾语)你听见她说什么了吗?e.g.Idon'tknowwhosethatis.(作表语)我不知道那是谁的。e.g.Couldyoutellmewhichbuswehavetotake?(作bus的定语)你能告诉我我们得坐哪路公共汽车吗?【例题精讲】1.Everyonecanplayanimportantpartinsociety.Asmembers，weshouldtryourbesttodo_______.A.whatweshoulddo B.whatshouldwedoC.howweshoulddo D.howshouldwedoA2.特殊疑问句作宾语从句也可由连接副词when/where/how/why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。含有how的疑问词组也可引导宾语从句，主要有howold/howmanyhowmuchhowoften等。【精讲】e.g.Wedidn'tknowwhenshewouldeback.我们不知道她什么时候回来。e.g.CanyoutellmehowIgettothepostoffice?你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗?e.g.Doyouknowhowoldheis?你知道他多大吗?【例题精讲】1.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how2.—Doyouknow________?I'mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.LilivedAC3.连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，若从句的主语与主句的主语(或主句的间接宾语)相同，则可用“连接代词连接副词+动词不定式”的结构代替宾语从句。【精讲】e.g.Ican'tdecidewhatIshouldbuyformydaughter.=Ican'tdecidewhattobuyformydaughter.我不能决定该给我女儿买什么。IwanttoknowhowIgetthere.=Iwanttoknowhowtogetthere. 我想知道怎样去那里。巩固练习一.合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn’tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?(why,what)【答案】1.why2.who3.that4.how5.howsoon6.whether7.whether8.what9.why10.what二.句型转换1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)→Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）→I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）→Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettohehospital.（改为简单句）→Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywille,_____________?(改为反意疑问句)【答案】1.if/whetherhewanted2.don’tthink,is3.whichtrousersshecan4.howtoget5.willthey【知识梳理三】宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即主语在前谓语在后,即使宾语从句本身是疑问句,也要将其变成陈述句语序。例1.Iheard(that)hewonaprize.例2.Theydon’tknowwhereheis.如果what’swrong/what’sthematter在句中充当宾语从句,语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语,其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。例1.Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.例2.Shedoesn’tknowwhat’sthematterwithhim.例3.Jackdidn’tknowwhathappened.【例题精讲】例1.–Couldyoutellme______?–Welostthegame,butwearestillabletogotoAustralia.A.wheretheChinaNationalteamwouldplayagainstIraqB.whetherwewonthesoccergameagainstIraqC.whenhesawthesoccergamebetweenPRCandIraqD.whyhedidn’twatchthesoccergame例2.—Couldyoutellus_______?—Aboutfiveminutes.A.howsoonwillthefilmend B.howlonghasthefilmbegunC.howsoonthefilmhasended D.howlongthefilmhasbeenonBD【知识梳理4】宾语从句的时态如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）,从句的时态根据实际情况而定。例1.Sheknows(that)herparentswillarriveinNanjingtomorrow.例2.Iknow(that)helivedherefiveyearsago.例3.Wehaveheard(that)shepractisesdancingeveryday.例4.Iamlookingforwheremypurseis.如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时）,那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时例1.Ididn’tknow(that)hewoulde.例2.MissLitoldus(that)shehadseenthefilm.例3.Isaw(that)shewastalkingwithhermother.注意如果主句中出现couldyou/wouldyou,这些不是过去时,而只是表示委婉语气,用法视为一般现在时,所以从句依具体时态而定。3.当从句是客观真理、定义、公理或定理时,不论主句是何种时态,从句都用一般现在时。例1.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthtravelsaroundthesun.例2.Shesaid(that)twoplusthreeisfive.口诀:主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。【例题精讲】例1.—Doyouknow______tomorrow?—At8o’clock.A.whendidshee B.whenshecameC.whenwillshee D.whenshewille例2.—Howdoyouplantospendtheingsummerholiday?—Ihaven’tdecided.Iwonder_________duringtheholiday.A.whereamIgoingtospend B.whetheritwasgoingtobesunnyC.whowillIinvitetohaveatripwithme D.ifmymotherwillgivemeextrahomework例3.—IwonderwhatMr.Wangaskedyoujustnow?—Heasked________.A.whetherIwilltakepartinthesingingpetition B.howlongIhaveboughtmynewbikeC.whatwaswrongwithmyoldbike D.howmuchmoneydidIspentonbooks例4.Marywantedtoknow_________________A.ifwewouldhavea7dayholidayornot B.howsoonwewillbeinvitedC.ifBeijingisthecapitalofChina D.whatyouweretalking例5.Hewantedtoknow____________.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeeting B.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe'sgoingtodoatthemeeting D.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld例6.Idon’tunderstand________suchasillyquestioninclassyesterday.A.whydidJohnask B.whyJohnaskedC.whyisJohnasking D.whyJohnasks例7.—Iwonderifyourfather_______youtogoswimming.—I’mnotsure.ButIwilltellyouifhe_______toletmejoinyou.A.willallow;agrees B.allows;agreesC.allows;willagree D.willallow;willagreeDDCCBBA【课堂检测】单选题1.Ihear__________hewillbebackinamonth.A.whether B.that C.what D.which2.Theteacheraskedme__________Ineededanyhelp.A.whether B.that C.what D.which3.—Doestheteacherknow__________willethisafternoon?—Yes,hedoes.A.which B.whose C.where D.who4.Doyouknow_____Isawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whom B.when C.where D.how5.Teenagerswithworkingexperiencesknowmoreclearly________theywillbeinthefuture.A.who B.why C.where D.what6.—Iwonder________MottStreet.—Gothreeblocksandturnright.It’srightthere.A.ifcouldyoutellmehowtogetto B.thatyoucouldtellmehowIcangettoC.ifyoucouldtellmehowIcangetto D.thatcouldyoutellmehowIcan7.—It’ssaidthatparentscanbeoffonFridayafternooniftheyneed.—Isthattrue?ButI’mwondering_________.A.thattheycanaskforleaveonFriday B.whycantheyaskforleaveonFridayC.whencantheyaskforleaveonFriday D.whethertheycanaskforleaveonFriday8.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?—Yes.Goalongthestreetandturnrightatthecinema.Thenyouwillfindit.A.whereisthenearestbank B.wherethenearestbankisC.wherewasthenearestbank D.wherethenearestbankwas9.We