2025版高考英语总复习Unit1Greatscientists高考题型分组训练新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE1Unit1Greatscientists高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细微环节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ABerthavonSuttnerreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1905—shewasthefirstwomantoreceiveit,andalsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize.ShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,sheremainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.WhenshebecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner'sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninanaristocratic(贵族的)militaryfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworkingforpeace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,aswellastheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.Hernovel,LayDownYourArms,wasoneofthemostinfluentialanti－warbooksofalltime,andhelpedtomakeheraleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope.Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwouldbreakoutinEuropeifnationsdidn'tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajorachievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarⅠbrokeout.AhundredyearsaftershewontheNobelPeacePrize,nationsstillseemtoviewwarasachoicetoworkouttheirproblems.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelpstrengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit'stimetoputanendtowar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者BerthavonSuttner。1．BerthavonSuttner________.A．workedforAlfredNobelfor20yearsB．helpedAlfredNobeldrawuphiswillC．persuadedAlfredNobeltojointhepeacemovementD．inspiredAlfredNobeltoestablishtheNobelPeacePrize[解析]细微环节理解题。由第一段中的“alsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize”和其次段中的“hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner'sinfluence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到BerthavonSuttner的影响。[答案]D2．Paragraph3ismainlyaboutBerthavonSuttner's________.A．effortsandcontributionstothepeacemovementB．familybackgroundandworkexperiencesC．writingcareerandlifeexperiencesD．ambitionandgoalsinlife[解析]段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocieties”和“themostinfluentialanti－warbooks”以及“aleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope”可知，本段主要讲解并描述了BerthavonSuttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。[答案]A3．WhatdoweknowaboutLayDownYourArms?A．Itwasbasedonatruestory.B．ItrecordedBerthavonSuttner'sdailylife.C．Itwasaboutanaristocraticmilitaryfamily.D．ItshowedBerthavonSuttner'swishforpeace.[解析]推理推断题。由第三段中的“anti－warbooks”和“Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman”可知，《放下武器》这部小说反映了BerthavonSuttner对世界和平的渴望。[答案]DBContestantsfromaroundtheworldmetinPomona,ThebotswereparticipatinginthefinalroundoftheUS'sDARPA(DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency)RoboticsChallenge.Thisevent,whichtookplaceonJune5－6,testedrobotsonhowwelltheycouldrespondduringadisasterandthewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize.TheDARPAchallengewascreatedafterthe2011FukushimanucleardisasterinJapan.Anearthquakecausedatsunami,whichdamagedanuclearpowerplant.Workersattheplantneededtoshutoffanimportantvalve(阀门),butitwastoodangerousforhumanstoreachit.TheUSscientistsatDARPAwonderedwhetherthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidedifarobothadbeensenttodothe_job.Sotheysetuptheroboticscompetition.Turningavalvewasjustonetaskarobotmighthavetoperformwhenenteringadisasterzone.Inadditiontodoingthis,robotsparticipatinginthechallengehadtonavigateacoursecontainingseveralothertasks:drivingandexitingavehicle,openingadoor,walkingoverorclearingobjects,cuttingaholeinawall,plusclimbingaflightofstairs.Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour,andpointswereawardedbasedonhowquicklytherobotscompletedatask.Theydidn'thavetoattemptallthetasks.Tomakethingsevenmorerealistic,challengeorganizerscausedshortcomputer－systemblackouts(断电)thatpreventedrobotsandthehumanoperatorscontrollingthemfromcommunicating.Thatmeansteamshadtoprogramtheirbotstobepartiallyautonomous(独立的).Robotsalsocouldn'tbeattachedtoanythingthatcouldkeepthemfromfallingdown,whichhappenedalot.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在加利福尼亚州实行的DARPA机器人挑战赛。4．Whatdoweknowaboutthisyear'sDARPAchallenge?A．Itlastedfivedays.B．ItwasheldinJapan.C．Itswinnergotacashprize.D．ItswinnerwillworkinFukushima.[解析]细微环节理解题。由其次段的“thewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize”可知，加利福尼亚州实行的为期两天的DARPA机器人挑战赛冠军得主获得了200万美元的现金大奖。[答案]C5．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejob”inParagraph3referto?A．Toopenadoor.B．Tocloseavalve.C．Topredictatsunami.D．Torebuildanuclearpowerplant.[解析]词义揣测题。画线部分所在句的thedisaster指代上文的福岛核电站事故，科学家认为假如当时能有机器人去关闭核电站的阀门，那么那场事故就会避开，故此处的thejob指关闭阀门。[答案]B6．TherobotsthatparticipatedintheUS'sDARPAchallengewererequiredto________.A．challengeallthetasksB．haveagoodsenseofsmellC．completetheirtasksinanhourD．actinthedarkinthewholeprocess[解析]细微环节理解题。由最终一段介绍机器人参赛规则的“Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour”可知，参赛机器人须要在一个小时之内完成竞赛内容。[答案]C7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anucleardisaster.B．Aresearchprogram.C．Aroboticscompetition.D．Ascientificorganization.[解析]主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在加利福尼亚州实行的DARPA机器人挑战赛赛况及其规则。[答案]CC(2024·江苏苏州期中调研)AbiologistfromtheNationalParkServicediscoveredarareandunusualmammoth(猛犸)skull(颅骨)buriedina13,000－year－oldrocklayerontheSantaRosaIsland,thesecondlargestlandmassintheChannelIslands,California.Thefossiloftheextinctgiantanimalisleavingmanypaleontologists(古生物学家)scratching_their_heads.Thespeciesoftheindividualitbelongedtocan'tseemtobeidentifiedyet—it'stoobigtobeapygmy(特殊矮小的)mammothandtoosmalltohavecomefromaColumbianmammoth.Somesayit'sanewspecieswhileothersbelievethetruthliessomewhereinbetween.Judgingfromitssize,thenewlyfoundmammothskulldoesn'tseemtofitanyofthetwospecies,Columbianorpygmy.Tomakethingsevenmoreconfusing,oneofitstwotusks(象牙)isnearlyfivefeetlongandcoiledinamannerthatresemblesthoseoffullygrownmammothsbutthelefttuskisshorterandsloping,morelikeajuvenile's(青少年)．Moreinterestingthanthemammoth'slineage,however,mightbeitsstory.Thegiantmammallived13,000yearsagoorroughlythesametimelineofthe“ArlingtonMan”，a13,000－year－oldhumanskeletonalsofoundonSantaRosa.Some3,000yearslaterhumanswerealreadyspreadthroughoutthecontinentandtheChannelIslands'mammothwentextinct.Thepresentfindingmighthelprevealalinkbetweenthetwo.Theremainsalsoseemtoconfirmalong－heldassumptionthatthereweretwomammothmigrationstotheChannelIslands.“ThediscoveryofthismammothskullincreasestheprobabilitythattherewereatleasttwomigrationsofColumbianmammothstotheislands，”saidUSGSgeologistDanMuhs.语篇解读：文章主要介绍一个新发觉的猛犸头盖骨，这个猛犸头盖骨有很多未解之谜。8．Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthepale－ontologistsfeel________.A．excited B．confusedC．anxious D．frustrated[解析]词义揣测题。依据文章第一段的“Thespeciesoftheindividualitbelongedtocan'tseemtobeidentifiedyet”可知，它属于什么物种还不能被确认，故scratchingtheirheads意为“困惑的”。故选B。[答案]B9．Whichisamongthereasonswhythenewlyfoundskullisspecial?A．Itsstructure.B．Theplacewhereit'sfound.C．Itsage.D．Itsshape.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据其次段的“Tomakethingsevenmoreconfusing,oneofitstwotusks(象牙)isnearlyfivefeetlongandcoiledinamannerthatresemblesthoseoffullygrownmammothsbutthelefttuskisshorterandsloping,morelikeajuvenile's(青少年)．”可知选C。[答案]C10．Whatcanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．TheSantaRosamammothmigratedtotheChannelIslandsfromelsewhere.B．Theremaybealinkbetweentheextinctionofmammothsandthespreadofhumans.C．AtleasttwomammothgroupsmigratedtotheChannelIslandsduringdifferentperiods.D．Thereremainsnofinalconclusionastohowmanymammothgroupsmigratedtotheislands.[解析]推理推断题。依据文章最终一段的第一句和“ThediscoveryofthismammothskullincreasestheprobabilitythattherewereatleasttwomigrationsofColumbianmammothstotheislands”可知，对于多少猛犸群迁徙到岛上还没有最终的结论。故选D。[答案]D11．Thispassagemainlytellsusthenewlyfoundmammothskull________.A．isamongthebestpreserved,butwithamysteriousstoryB．hasarousedadebateoverwhatspeciesitbelongstoC．isofgreatscientificimportancetomankindD．islikelytoconfirmaformerassumption[解析]主旨大意题。依据文章第一段的“discoveredarare...rocklayer”和倒数其次段的“Moreinterestingthanthemammoth'slineage,however,mightbeitsstory.”可知，文章主要告知我们新发觉的猛犸头盖骨保存完好并且有着神奇的故事。故选A。[答案]AD(2024·湖北省八校联考)Iwasbornonthe17thofNovember1828,inthevillageofNamPing,whichisaboutfourmilessouthwestofthePortugueseColony(殖民地)ofMacao,andislocatedonPedroIslandlyingwestofMacao,fromwhichitisseparatedbyachannelofhalfamilewide.Asearlyas1834,anEnglishlady,Mrs.Gutzlaff,wifeofamissionarytoChina,cametoMacao.SupportedbytheLadies'AssociationinLondonforthepromotionoffemaleeducationinIndiaandtheEast,sheimmediatelytookuptheworkofstartingagirls'schoolforChinesegirls，whichwassoonfollowedbytheopeningofaboys'school.Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(买办)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschoolanditwasdoubtlesslythroughhisinfluenceandmeansthatmyfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.MostcertainlysuchastepwouldhavebeenmoresuitableforChinesepublicopinion，taste,andthewantsofthecountrythantoallowmetoattendanEnglishschool.Moreover,aChinesebeliefistheonlyavenueinChinathatleadstopoliticalpromotion,influence,powerandwealth.IcanonlyguessthatasforeigncommunicationwithChinawasjustbeginningtogrow,myparentshopedthatitmightbeworthwhiletoputoneoftheirsonstolearnEnglish.Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.IamwonderingifthatinfluencedmyparentstoputmeintoMrs.Gutzlaff'sSchool.Astowhatothersequencesithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod.语篇解读：本文主要讲解并描述了作者——“中国留学生之父”容闳7岁时，父亲将他送往英国人郭士立夫人在澳门开办的一所男子学校读书的故事。12．HowwastheauthoradmittedtoMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool?A．Throughhisfather'srequest.B．Throughhisfather'sfriend'shelp.C．Throughhisowneffortstoexams.D．ThroughMrs.Gutzlaff'sinfluence.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Itwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardabout...myfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.”可知，作者是通过父亲的挚友的影响和帮助才上的郭士立夫人的学校。[答案]B13．Whydidtheauthor'sparentsputhimintoanEnglishschool?A．BecauseitmetwithChinesepublicopinion.B．BecauseanEnglishschoolwasmoreinfluential.C．Becausehecouldbecomeasuccessfulinterpreter.D．BecauseforeigntradewithChinawasdevelopingfast.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的倒数第三句“Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.”可知，作者的父母让他上英国学校可能是因为想让他做翻译，以后能在外贸和外交环境中有肯定的优势。[答案]C14．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisparents'decisiontoputhimintoanEnglishschool?A．Itwasskeptical.B．Itwaswonderful.C．Itwasthoughtful.D．Itwasmysterious.[解析]观点看法题。依据最终一段的第三句“Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.”可知，作者至今还不太明白家人把他送到英国学校读书的缘由。[答案]D15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sequences”inthelastsentenceprobablymean?A．Results. B．Order.C．Tricks. D．Progress.[解析]词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“ithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod”可知，上了这个英国学校之后连续发生的事情，都不是父母所能掌控的，由此可推知，此处讲的是这件事的后果。[答案]AⅡ.七选五阅读填空(2024·陕西省高三质检)HowtoChooseaTopicforYourPaperNomatterwhatresearchpaperyouwrite,thefirstandmostimportantstepistochoosethetopic.__1__Herearesometipsforyoutofollow.Tochooseagoodtopic,you'llhavetoaskyourselfsomeimportantquestions.Isthereenoughresearchavailableonthistopic?IsthetopicnewanduniqueenoughthatIcanofferfreshopinions?Isitrelatedtomysubjectandfutureoccupation?__2__Writingaboutsomethingyouenjoycertainlyshowsinthefinalproduct，makingitmorelikelythatyouwillbesuccessfulinwritingapaperaboutsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyouarewritingaresearchpaperforaclass,considertheotherstudents.__3__Howcanyoukeepyourpaperuniqueandinterestingifeveryoneiswritingaboutthesamething?Askyourprofessororclassmatesforadvice,ifyou'restrugglingtocomeupwitha“right”topic.__4__Sometimesaskingprofessorsforhelpmayseemfrightening,butif