2024年小升初英语衔接：特殊句式（原卷版）

衔接点10特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接）

素养目标

小学要求主要学习疑问句、感叹句、Therebe句型

1、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；

2、疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；

初中要求

3、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；

5、由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。

知识梳理

1_____________

【小学特殊句式考点聚焦】

感叹句

1.选词填空

WhatHowWhataWhatan

⑴__________nicetheskirtis!⑵一______hotitistoday!

⑶__________bighorsestheyare!(4)—______interestingbookitis!

(5)__________cleverboyheis!(6)—______clevertheboyis!

⑺__________hardJackworks!(8)—______fastPeterruns!

(9)_____finedayitis!(10)_______nicepicturestheyare!

疑问句

在下面的横线上填上恰当的疑问词。

howlongwherehowmanywhenhowtallwhichwhywhose

howmuchwhohowfarwhathowoldhowhowheavy

(1)-istheweatherliketoday?-It*ssunny.

(2)-penisit?-ItsMary's.

(3)-doesLucycometoschool?-Shecomestoschoolbycar.

(4)-isyourjacket?-It*s100yuan.

(5)-isLucyfrom?-She,sfromAustralia.

(6)-areyou?-Pmelevenyearsold.

(7)-areyou?-Pm155cm.

(8)-areyou?-Pm60kg.

(9)-boysarethereinyourclass?-Therearetwelve.

(10)boyisyourbrother?-Theoneinaredcap.

(11)-isyourmathsteacher?-MrChenismymathsteacher.

(12)-isitV-Itsabout50kilometres.

(13)didyoustayinAmerica?-Fortwoweeks.

(14)doesyourfathergotowork?-At8:30a.m.

(15)-doyoulikewinter?-BecauseIcanskate.

Therebe句型

1.选择正确的词填空。(16分)

(l)There(is/are)sevendaysinaweek.

(2)There(is/are)somemilkinthefridge.

(3)There(is/isn't)anymoneyinhispocket.

(4)There(is/was)abridgethreeyearsago.

(5)(Is/Are)thereanyapplesonthetable?

(6)There(is/are)aChinesebookandthreemathsbooksinmybag.

(7)There(are/aren't)anysheepatthisfarm.

(8)There(is/are)somebreadforyou.

【初中特殊句式考点聚焦】

^=@考点清单^=

简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。一般分为陈述句、疑

问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

一、陈述句：

用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。

陈述句的肯定式：

Heisamiddleschoolstudent.(他是个中学生)

Ihaveahammerinmyhand.(我手上有把锤子)

Sheteachesusgeography.(她教我们地理)

Thenewplaywasgoodenoughandeverybodyenjoyedit.(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢)

陈述句的否定式：

1.谓语动词如果是be、助动词、情态动词时，在它们的后面加“not”。

如：Mybrotherisnotateacher.(我的弟弟不是教师)

Hedoesnothaveacousin.(他没有堂兄弟)

Iwillnotgotheretomorrow.(明天我不去那儿)

Youmustnotmakesuchmistakesagain.(你不该再犯类似错误了)

2.谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，须在它的前面加donot(don9t).

如：Idon'tknowanythingaboutit.(此事我一无所知)

LiMingdoesnotfeedpigsinthecountryside.（李明不在农村养猪）

Wedidn'texpecttomeetherrighthere.（我们没指望着在这里见到她）

Wedidn'thaveameetingyesterdayafternoon.（昨天下午我们没有开会）

［注意］

1.句子中如果有alkboth>verymuch/well等词时，用not一般构成部分否定，如果要完全否定，则通常使用none、

neither>not...atall

如：Allofthemwentthere.—»Noneofthemwentthere.（他们全都去了那里―他们全都没去那里）

2.句子中含有little、few>too（太）、hardly>never、neither>nor、seldom等词时,则视为否定句。

如：Fewpeoplelivetherebecauselifethereisveryhard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）

二、疑问句

一般疑问句：用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。

1.一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be、助动词、情态动词时，则将它们（提前）放到主语前面。

如：Isheanengineer?（他是工程师吗？）

Haveyougottoday'snewspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）

Shallwegotoseeafilmthisevening?（我们今晚去看电影好吗？）

Canyouexplainit?（你能解释它吗？）

Isthereanyfishforsupper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）

Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?（你想出去散步吗？）

谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，则在主语前面加助动词do/does/did,原来的谓语动词改为原

形。

如：Doyougetupatsixeverymorning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）

Doesshestudyhard?（她学习努力吗？）

Didyougothereyesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）

2.一般疑问句的回答：

一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：

Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?（你力口入我们打篮球好吗？）

―Yes,wewill.（是的我们会。）/一No,wewont（不我们不会。）

3.一般疑问句的否定结构（即否定形式的一般疑问句）表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等，只要将“not”置于主语

之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be,have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。

如：Willhenotcome?（他难道不来吗？）

Isn'tyoursisteraPartymember?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）

这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的，就用“yes+肯定结构'如果回答

是否定的，就用“110+否定结构”。（情况与反意问句类似。）

如：Can"heanswerthequestion?（他不能回答这个问题吗？）

一Yes,hecan.（不.他能回答这个问题。）一No,hecan't.（是的.他不能回答这个问题。）

特殊疑问句

L特殊疑问句结构是：

疑问代词

除who以外的疑问代词短语+一般疑问句+?

疑问副词

如：Whatdoyouwant?（你要什么？）

Who（m）areyoulookingfor?（你在找谁?）

Whichclassareyouin?（你在哪班？）

Whendidyougetupthismorning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）

Wherehaveyoubeen?（你到哪儿去了？）

Whydidhegotobedsoearly?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）

Howdidyougothere?（你是怎么去的那儿？）

但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述包词序相同：

如：Whoisdancingoverthere?（谁在那边跳舞？）

有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。

如：Whatisonthewall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）

Whichisyours?（哪个是你的？）

Whosebookisinyourbag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）

［注意］从陈述句改为特殊问句时，先将句子改为一般问句，再将（划线）提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首，特别

要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问，那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。

2）常用疑问代词和疑问副词

疑问代词疑问副词

what,who(whom,whose),whichwhen,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much)

疑问词提问对象

对主语，谓语、表语、宾语提问

Whatmakesyousoworried?Theexammakesmesoworried.

What（什么）Whatareyoudoing?IamwatchingTV.

Whatisthis?Thisisaruler.

Whatcanyousee?Icanseeadog.

对主语提问

Who(谁)

Whoisourmonitor?Tomisourmonitor.

Which（哪个）对定语提问

Whichskirtdoyouprefer?Iprefertheredone.

When（什么时对时间提问

候）Whendoyougetupeveryday?Igetupat6o'clock.

对地点提问

Where（哪里）

Wherearethey?Theyareathome.

对原因提问

Why（为什么）Whydidn'tyoufinishyourjobintime?BecauseIwasverytired.

Whydoyoustudysohard?Topasstheexam.

对表示方式、程度的词提问

How（怎样）Howdoyougotoschool?Igotoschoolbycar./by+doinc.

Howisyourschoolday?Ifs200d.

对年龄提问

Howold（多大）

Howoldisyourson?Heistwoyearsold.

Howmany对数量提问,后接可数名词复数

（多少）Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?Therearethreeteachersinmyschool.

对数量提问后接不可数名词/对钱提问

Howmuch

Howmuchwaterinthebottle?Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.

（多少）

Howmucharethesocks?Thesocksareseverdollars.

Howlong对时间段提问

（多长时间）Howlongdoesittaketogotoschool?Ittakesme2hourstogotoschool.

Howoften对频率提问

（多久）Howoftendoyoudoexercise?Idoexerciseonceaweek.

对距离提问

Howfar（多远）

Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Itis3kmfrommyhometoschool.

Howsoon对将来时间提问

（多久后）Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?Iwillfinishmyworkinanhour.

选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。

1）构成：（1）|一般疑问句+or+第二选项二

（2）特殊疑问句+第一选项（+第二选项）+or+第三选项？

2）选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答，不可以用yes/no回答。

如：Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?-Agirl.（—你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？一一是女孩。）

Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?-Tea,please.（--你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？——请来茶吧。）

Whichdoyoulikebest,singing,dancingorskating?

-Dancing,ofcourse.（----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？--当然是跳舞啦！）

对点特训

1.______isyourhometown?Ican'tfinditanywhereonthemap.

A.WhatB.WhichC.WhenD.Where

2.-______haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?

一Forthreeyears.

A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howfar

3.―______doyouplayvolleyball,Amy?

一Threedaysaweek.

A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowoftenD.Howmuch

4.-______didtheonlineconcertbegin?

-Youdidn'tmissanything.Ithasjustbegun.

A.WhenB.WhereC.WhatD.Why

5.-______isChina9sTiangongspacestationfromus?

——About400kilometersabovetheearth.

A.HowmuchB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howlong

6.-IlovethisT-shirt.________doesitcost?

一50yuan.Whynottryiton?

A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowoldD.Howmuch

7.—______willyouleaveforcamping?

-Thisweekend.Everythingisreadyforthepicnic.

A.WhenB.WhereC.HowD.Why

8.-______canyouskiprope,Linda?

一Over200timesinaminute.

A.HowsoonB.HowfarC.HowfastD.Howlong

三、祈使句

祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。

祈使句的肯定式：动词（原形）+其他

如：Pleasegivemeahand.（请帮忙）/Shutup!（住嘴!）

祈使句的否定式：Don't+动词原形+其他

如：Pleasedon,ttalkinlowvoices.（请不要低声讲话。）

Don'tlookback!（不要掉头看。）

［注意］以Tet，s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let、”后面。

如：Let飞nottroublehim.（我们不要打扰他。）

肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Pleased。helpme!（请千万帮帮我。）

对点特叫

1.fasttoyourdreams,forifdreamsdie,lifeislikeabroken-wingedbirdthatcanneverfly.

A.HoldB.ToholdC.HeldD.Holding

2.一Cindy,outtherubbishwhenyouleave.AndI'lldothedishes.

—OK,Dad.

A.takeB.takesC.tookD.totake

3.-Yourroomisinaterriblemess，Tom.yourbookshereandtherenexttime.

一OK,.Tilputthemawayinfiveminutes,Mum.

A.Don'tleave;Iwon'tB.Won'tleave]will

C.Don'tleave;IwillD.Won^leave;Iwon't

4.MrLee,（notmix）yourlifeandworktogether.

5.（make）suretherearenomistakesinyourpaperandyoucanhanditin.

四、感叹句

感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”

对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：

What+（a/an）+（形容词）+名词+陈述句结构（主谓语］,用来强调句子中的名词,

如：Whatagood*kindgirl（sheis）!（她是多么善良的好女孩!）/Whatbadweather（itis）!（天气真糟糕!）

仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：|How+形容词/副词+陈述句结构（主谓语）|，用来强调句子中的

形容词、副词或动词。

如：Howcarefullytheoldmanwalks!（这老人走路真小心!）

Howdeliciousthefoodis!（这食品真好吃！）'

Howbeautiful!（真美呀!）

Howbeautifulthegirlis!=Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!

对点特训

1.clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.

A.WhatB.HowaC.HowD.Whata

2.greatscientistYuanLongpingis!Hespentallhislifeontheresearchofrice.

A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa

3.niceitistodrinkacupofcoffeeafterlonghours'work!

A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa

4.-greatsurprisetoseeyouhere,Daniel!

-Yeah.Wehaven?tseeneachotherforquitealongtime.

A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How

6.doyouadmireYuanLongpingfor?

一Hedevotedallhislifetotheresearchanddevelopmentofbetterriceplants.

A.WhyB.WhatC.HowD.Where

7.Itisreallyapleasanttimetohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday.(改为感叹句)

pleasanttimeitistohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday!

8.Dadusuallymakesbadplansbutthistimehegotitright,finally.asurprise!

9.1wasredintheface.IwishedIcoulddisappear!

10.thankfulIwastomyfriendJohn!

」箍合演练

一.情景对话

请通读下面的对话，根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选

项。

A

(JohnandhisfriendKatearetalkingonthephone.J=John,K=Kate)

J:Hello?

K:Hi,John!1Youweren'tatthepartylastSunday.

J:I'monvacationrightnow.

K:Great!2

J:Pmafraidnot.It'sanunusualbeach.Inmyopinion,thefewerpeople,thebetter.

K:3

J:That'strue.Thesunisshiningbrightlyandtheseaissobeautiful.

K:4

J:Nothingmuch.Ijustreadandresteveryday.Infact,Iwasasleepbeforeyourcall.

K:Oh,Pmsorry.5

J:Thanks.Seeyounextweek.

A.Whereareyou?

B.Thatsoundsnice.

C.IsitaplaceIknow?

D.Haveagreatvacation.

E.Manypeopleareattheparty?

F.Didyoudoanythingspecialthere?

B

Man:Goodmorning,welcometotheArtSchool.

Woman:Thanks.I'dliketojoinoneofyoureveningartcourses.

Man:OK.]

Woman:Chinesepaintingcourse.IlikeChinesepainting.2

Man:Yes,itis.Verybeautiful.Nowletsfillinthisform.3

Woman:LucyGreen.

Man:Whichcountryareyoufrom?

Woman:Well,4ButactuallyI'mAmerican.

Man:Isee.Nextquestion.Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?

Woman:5

Man:Thanks.Now,Illgiveyousomeinformation.

A.It*ssobeautiful.

B.Whichcourse?

C.IworkhereinEngland.

D.Whatsyourname,please?

E.Yes,it's58CharnwoodRoad.

F.HowdoyouknowaboutChinesepainting?

二.短文填空

Oneday,Iwantedmyfathertogetsomefruitforme.SoIsaidtomyfather,"Dad,1.here!^^

Whenmydadheardme,hecameoverrightaway.However,mymomsaidtome,"2.sayitthatway.

Sayitmorepolitely.9,

“Ididn*twantto,“Ireplied.t4Ifyoudon*tsayitpolitely,then3.watchingTVfromnowon!”my

momsaidangrily.

4.sadIwaswhenIheardthis!Thenmymomsaid,"5.youwantotherstobepolite

toyou?Ifso,youshouldbepolitetootherstoo.”

Indeed,weshouldbepolite,oritmightmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.

三.方框选词填空

askbedon'thelphowlong

makeneedwait

Pre-examstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents'lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufrom

thinkingclearly.Sohere]sometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.

Beorganizedandstartearly

Thebestwaytodealwithexamstressistohaveagoodstudyplan.Decidehowmuchtimetospendoneach

subject.Anddon't2untilthelastminutetostudyeverything.

Don'tbeafraidtoask

Whenwedon'tunderstandsomething,wefeelstressed.Ifsnormal.Butdon'tworryaboutit,dosomething

aboutit!3yourteacherforhelp.Allteacherswanttheirstudentstodowellinexams.

Healthybody,healthybrain

Yourbody4exerciseforyourbraintoworkbetter.Sodon'tstudyallthetime.Itcanjust5you

morestressed.Dosomesport,gotothegymorjustgoforawalk.Justgetupandmove!

Eatandsleepwell

It'simportantforyourbraintorest.6doyouneedtosleepeverynight?Atleasteighthours.Eata

healthydietandavoiddrinkswithcaffeinethatcanstopyoufromsleepingwell.

7keepyourstresstoyourself

Finally,ifyouhavefollowedallthisadviceandyoustillfeelstressed,thendon'tkeepitasecret.Talkto

someone,yourmumoryourdad,afriendorateacherandtellthemhowyoufeel.Weallneed_8

sometimes.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.

拓展培优

Manfirstlanded（着陆）onthemoonin1969.Butdidyouknowthatmanwas

notthefirsttotravelaroundthemoon?

OnSeptember14,1968,theSovietSpaceProgramsenttwotortoises（乌龟）into

spaceforatriparoundthemoon.Afteraweek-longtrip,thetortoiseslandedin

theIndianOcean.TheytraveledbacktoMoscow（莫斯科）onOctober7.

Boththetortoisesstilllivedafterthetrip.Theylostabout10%oftheirbody

weight（体重），buttheywerestillhealthy.Theyweredissected（解剖）onOctober11,1968.Scientistswantedtosee

howtheirbodieschangedafterthespacetravel.Theyfoundthat"Eatingnofoodmadethetortoisesthinner.butnot

thespacetravel”.

Itshowedthattheanimalscouldliveaftertravelingaroundthemoon.Butthisdidnotmeanthatmancoulddothe

same.Thetwotortoiseswerethefirsttotravelaroundthemoonsuccessfully.Before1968otheranimalswerealso

senttotravelinspace,butmanyofthemcouldn'tlivetotravelbacktotheearth.

1.Howlongdidthetwotortoisestravelinspace?

2.Whywerethetwotortoisesdissected?

3.Whatmadethetwotortoiseslosetheirbodyweight?

4.Whendidthetwotortoisescomeback?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

Acolorfulbalcony（PH台）withfreshvegetablesandfruitshasturnedintoacommonsightthisyear.Shanghai,

Beijing,andDongguanareamongthetopfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers,whoaremainlyintheir20sand30s.

Coriander,chives,chilipeppersandtomatoesarethemostpopularchoices.

Inthefirstthreemonthsthisyear,salesofvegetableseedsonlinedoubled.LuZhipeng,whoheadsTmalfs

flowerdepartment,saidbalconygardeningisnowworth（值）tensofbillionsofyuan.

Infact,growingvegetablesinbalconygardensismorethanjustanachievement.Itisbecomingalifestyle.

ZhangMin,atwenty-year-oldgirl,onlyspentalittlemoneyonseedpackages,soilandflowerpotstobuilda

“fhrm"onher6-square-meterbalcony.6iIfeellikeyoungpeoplegrowingvegetablesonbalconiesisaspopularas

squaredancingisforourparents.9,Zhangsaid.Shehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalcony

gardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden,andsheaddsthemtoherdisheswhen

cooking.

Forteenagers,balconygardeningisawaytoenjoynature.Especiallywhentheylivefarawayfromrealfields.

Andbytakingcareofvegetables,theylearntorespectlives.

1.Whatdopeopledoontheirbalconyaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Theygrowvegetablesandfruits.B.Theysellvegetableseeds.

C.Theydosomereading.D.Theyplantflowers.

2.WhatdoesZhangMinthinkofbalconygardening?

A.Popular.B.Expensive.C.Meaningless.D.Educational.

3.WhatdoesZhangMinliketogrowonherbalcony?

A.Coriander,chivesandtomatoes.B.Chillipepper,tomatoesandchives.

C.Chillipepper,chivesandcoriander.D.Tomatoes,redpepperandcoriander.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harvested-mean?

A.Sold.B.Bought.C.Collected.D.Watered.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Popularvegetableseeds.

B.Balconygardeningforchildren.

C.Topfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers.

D.Anewlifestyle-balconygardening.

①InDecember2021,peopleinShenzhenfoundthatwaterranmoreslowlyfromtheirtaps.Thegovernment

（政府）saidthecitywasfacingitsmostseriouswatershortageever.

②SomeothercitiesinthesouthernpartofChina,likeChengduandGuangzhou,arealsobecoming"thirsty”,

thePaperreported.Compared（相比）withnorthernareas,southernareashavemorerainandareclosetomore

riversandlakes.Sowhyaretheystillshortonwater?

③InbigcitieslikeShenzhenandGuangzhou,populationsaregrowingfast.Asaresult,peopleandfactories

needmoreandmorewater.EachpersoninShenzhenhasaboutonly200cubicmetersofwatereachyear.Ifs1/12

ofthecountry'saverage（平均水平）.AccordingtotheUnitedN