2023年中考英语语法复习之主谓一致（学生版）

语法专题十六、主谓一致

重考是精讲

主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致.有三条原则：

1.语法一致原则2.意义一致的原则3.就近原则

考点一、语法一致原则

是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致.即主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复

数,谓语动词也采用复数形式.

1、主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语

动词用单数.

>Coffeeismorepopularinwesterncountries.

2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式.如：

>Someboysareplayinginthepark.

3、由and或both.,.and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数.例如：

>Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.

［注意］1）但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式

（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）.例如：

>TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.

2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no,each,every或manya,morethanone修

饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式.例如：

AInourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.

AManyastudentishavingpracticeinthatfactory.

4、如果主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,but,

except,besides,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas,morethan,in

additionto等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致.

》AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedthemountain.

AMaryaswellasherfriendslikesthispainting.

5、"anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；"Thenumberof+复数名

词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如：

AAlargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.

>Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis2500.

6、oneof+复数名词+谓语动词单数”表示".....之一”.

>OneofmypenfriendsisfromBeijing.

7、noneof后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数或复数均可.如；

ANoneofthosebooksis/aregood.

8、由one,eachother,everyone,each...and...作主语时，谓语动词用单数.

>Eachofushasamathbook.

9、由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词和不定代词either/neither+of+n.作主语

时,谓语动词用单数.

>Everyoneknowssmokingcigarettesisbadforhealth.

>Neitherofthetwocomputersischeap.

10、在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词

的数一致.例如：

>Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.

11、由〃分数或百分数+of+名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与。f后

面的名词（短语）保持一致.例如：

ATwothirdsofthecountryisdryordesert.

>30percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.

12、glasses,pants,trousers,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名词作

主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果前有“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries

（aspecies）of,apairof等+名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式.例如：

AThiskindofmenisdangerous.

考点二、意义一致原则,是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致.

1、以集体名词army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team,

crew,crowd,public等集体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作

一个整体时,谓语用单数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数.如：

AOurclassisbetterthananyotherclassesatplayingbasketballinour

school.

AOurclassareplayingabasketballmatchtomorrow.

2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people,police,cattle等，作复数看待，谓语在任何

情况下都用复数.而有些名词如news,politics等以-s结尾，但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单

数.

［注意］population单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some,most或与分数、

百分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式.例如：

>Mostofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人.

>Thepopulationinourcountryisverylarge,andeightypercentofthe

populationarefarmers.

3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则，

通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数.如：

>Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.对于我们来说,20年是一段很长的时间.

>Onethousandpoundsisalotofmoney.——千英镑是彳艮大——笔钱.

4、如果主语由〃the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数

形式.表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式.

>Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾.

>Thesickisoneofthestudentsinourclass.那位病人是我们班的一个学生.

5、〃the+姓氏复数”表示〃一家人或夫妇二人”.做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式.

6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式,如

glasses,trousers（裤子），shoes,chopsticks（筷子），goods（货物），scissors（剪

刀），socks,compasses（圆规），但如果这些名词前有apairof,等量词修饰时，（clothes被

修饰asuitof）,谓语动词一般用单数形式.例如：

>Yourtrousersneedwashing.你的裤子该洗了.

>Myglassesarenew.我的眼镜是新的.

>Apairofnewshoesisinyoursuitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里.

三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则.

1当or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but

also...,not...but....,whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于

最靠近于它的名词或代词.

>EitheryouorLilyistodothecleaningaftersupper.

ANotonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenwerethere.

2、在therebe或herebe句型,主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致.

>Thereisadeskatableandthreechairsintheroom.

考点精练

中考语法一主谓一致专项练习

（共计50小题,每小题2分，总分100分.）

1.EachofusWeChat（微信）nowadays,eventheoldpeople.

A.playsB.playC.playingD.played

2.Herearesomeforyoutoread.

A.milkB.teaC.books

3.1Tom,what'syourdaddoing?

——Hemybike.

A.repairB.repairsc.isrepairingD.willrepair

4.Aftertheboy'shomeworkhewentouttoplay.

A.finishedB.finishesC.wasfinishedD.isfinished

5.Everyone_______here.Let'sgo.

A.amB.areC.is

6.NotonlySambutalsohisparents—_________comingtoChinasoon.

A.isB.areC.were

7.Thesurveyonthechildrenthatmorethanfivesi

xthsoftheminterestedinscience।booksbecausethey

seemsalittleboring.

A.show;isB.shows;areC.shows;isD.show;are

8.Withtheintroductionofthezzdoublereduction77policy（双减政策），one

ofthethatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes;isB.change;isC.changes;are

9.-Usingpublicchopsticksnecessarywheneatingwithothers.

-That'sright.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

10.-Hurryup,Jason!We'regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstill

need.

-Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutesenough.

A.washing;areB.towash;areC.towash;isD.washing;is

11.Somepeoplethinkoneofthemostusefulinventionsthe

smartphone.

A.areB.isC.wereD.be

12.There______twopeoplewaitingforyououtsidenow.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

13.IplantotraveltoAmericanextmonth,andIthink2000dollars

___enough.

A.wasB.areC.isD.were

14.Thezebraeatsgrass,butiteatmeat.

A.doesn，tB.didn，tC.don，t

15.Thenumberofthewhalessmallerandsmallerbecauseofhuman

activitiesnow.

A.wereB.wasc.isD.are

16.Look!Juliaaswellashersisters______akiteontheplayground.

A.flyB.fliesc.isflyingD.areflying

17.Freshwater__more!importantthananythingelse.

A.isB.arec.wasD.were

18.Volunteeringourtimetohelppeople______agoodwaytolearn

things.

A.amB.isC.are

19.—Susan,howmanywomenteachersarethereinyourschool?

一Inourschool,oftheteacherswomenteachers.

A.thirdfourth;areB.thirdfourth;is

C.threefourths;isD.threefourths;are

20.Onethousandkilometers______quitealongwaytotheancient,but

nowwecancompletethejourneyinaboutonehourbyair.

A.wasB.hadC.wereD.have

21.Helikehisbrother.

A.lookB.looksC.looking

22.Mid-AutumnDayusuallyonAugust15thinthelunarcalendar（阴

历）everyyear.

A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.willcome

23.Inthepastpeopledidn，tknowthatlightfaster

thansound.

A.travelsB.travelledC.travel

24.NotonlyPeterbutalsohisfathercrazyaboutthebasketball

match.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

25.Thispairofsockssoft.r11take

A.feel;itB.feels;itc.feels;them

26.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshethetask.

A.finishB.finishesc.finished

27.It'sreportedthatthestudentsinsomeschoolsofourcitya

PEclasseveryday.

A.takesB.takeC.tookD.aretaking

28.—DoyouenjoythesongssungbyJayChou?

一Ofcourse.NotonlyIbutalsomyparentshisfans.

A.amB.areC.wasD.were

29.Someoftheapplesarebad,butIbelievetherestsweet.

A.tasteB.tastesC.aretastedD.istasted

30.NotonlyJackbutalsoIcrazyaboutthefootballmatch.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

31.—Listen!Theresomeoneatthedoor.

一Itmustbeyoursister.

A.is;knockingB.is;knockC.are;knockingD.are;knock

32.—Whatthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?

——Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthemfromthecountryside.

A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are

33.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforyourbirthday?

一Eithernoodlesorbread______OK.Idon，tmind.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

34.EverybodyexceptMikeandLinda_______

therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

35.一Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?

一Wonderful!________oftheland________

coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;are

D.Twofifth;are

36.Lucy________Lilylikesinging.

A.Either,orB.Neither,nor

C.Notonly,butalsoD.Both,and

37.

MyfriendandIareinterestedindrawing,but________ofusis

goodatit.

A.neitherB.bothC.noneD.all

38.Doingeyeexercisesoneoftheusefulwaystoprotectoureyes

A.isB.areC.were

39.Thetwinsfondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.

A.beB.amc.isD.are

40.Look,thesetofkeysontheteacher，sdesk.

A.areB.werec.isD.was

41.一What'sinthepictureonthewall?

一Thereateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.

A.hasB.areC.isD.have

42.BothKateandI______readyforthenewhighschoollife.

A.amB.isc.areD.be

43.Inourschoollibrarythereanumberofbooksandt

henumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.

A.is;areB.has;isc.are;isD.have;are

44.一Thenumberoftouristsover33millionthisyear.

——Ye