09必修三Unit4语法语法不定式作定语和状语（原卷版）

09必修三Unit4语法：语法精讲精练不定式作定语和状语eq\a\vs4\al(一、动词不定式的形式)动词不定式的形式是to＋原形动词。在某些情况下to可省略。形式主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing现在完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone现在完成进行式tohavebeendoingeq\a\vs4\al(二、动词不定式作定语)1.动词不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。Theairporttobepletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区旅游业的发展。HiswishtohaveaTVsetofhisownwilletrue.她想拥有一台自己的电视的希望将会变成现实。2.动词不定式(短语)作定语时，一般情况下会将其置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。(1)主谓关系被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通常由only,very,next,last，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。Thefuturetogreetuswillbeverybright.迎接我们的未来会十分美好。He’salwaysthefirstpersonoftheteamtoputthesolutiontotheproblem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。(2)动宾关系被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应接必要的介词。Theteacherleftusalotofproblemstosolve.老师给我们留了许多道题去解答。Hecanfindnoonetomakefriendswith.他找不到可交朋友的人。MrBrownhassomethingimportanttodealwithatpresent.目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。【温馨提示】当动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有其逻辑主语或者是说话人做该动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义；若没有其逻辑主语或说话人不做该动作，则用被动形式。Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要写。(“我”写)Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.老妇人有一封信要写。(老妇人自己不会写信，是让别人帮忙写)(3)修饰关系动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,time,decision,effort,failure,offer,promise,right,way,wish,reason等。Nowitistimetobeginourclass.现在是上课的时间了。Isthatthewaytoopenthecan?那就是打开罐头的方法吗？Thevoluntaryservicegivesyouachancetochangelives,includingyourown.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolvetheplexproblems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。eq\a\vs4\al(三、动词不定式作状语)动词不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。1.表示目的(1)表示目的的动词不定式常置于句首。Tosucceed,hemustbelieveinhimselffirst.要想成功，首先他必须相信自己。(2)为了强调表示目的的动词不定式结构，特别是在动词不定式结构前有否定词not时，通常可以在动词不定式符号to之前加上inorder或soas，但是soastodo不能放在句首。Inordernottomissthetrainhewentearly.为了不错过那列火车他早早地就走了。Theteacherraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard.为了让别人听见，老师提高了音量。(3)动词不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语，但也有例外的情况。Theysentamantomendthewindow.他们派了一个人去修窗户。2.表示原因动词不定式放在系表结构后面表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。Iamverysorrytohearthat.听到这事我很难过。3.表示结果当动词不定式表示事先没有预料到的结果时，应将其放在句子后面。在so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to,enoughtodo等结构中的不定式都表示结果。IrushedtothestationasfastasIcould,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.我以最快的速度赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开了。I’mtootiredtostayuplonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。四、单句语法填空：1.Theairport__________(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Thebestway__________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.3.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdream__________(explore)space.4.—Thelastone__________(arrive)paysthemeal.

—Agreed!5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld__________(go)intospace.6.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew__________(deal)withallbyourselveseveryday.7.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogether__________(discuss)thisquestion.8.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough__________(get)arelatedcollegedegree.9.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,__________(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.10.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only__________(find)itdidn’tfit.11.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad__________(find)themalive.12.Thequestionwasverydifficult__________(answer).13.Theboxislightenough__________(carry).14.__________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.15.__________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.16.Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomething__________(make)yourvisittrulymemorable.17.__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.18.JenniferMauerbecamethefirstinherlargefamily__________(earn)bachelor’sdegree.19.__________(test)theeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabitstheresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.20.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomyisachance__________(keep)Americanstrength.21.Fortunately,afterbriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenough__________(allow)toleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.22.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain__________(catch).23.MajorthemeparksinJapanhavebeenclosedsinceasearlyasFebruary__________(stop)thespreadofCOVID19.24.Ihavenoone__________(blame)butmyselfforwhatIhavedone.25.Ihavetheability__________(take)chargeofthepaper­cuttingexhibitiontobeheldnextSunday.26.LiYingisthefirstperson__________(join)thevolunteeringclubinherclass.27.Mr.Johnsonistheonlyforeignteacher__________(invite)toattendthemeeting.28.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__________(eat).29.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandremendedwonderfulplaces__________(eat),shop,andvisit.30.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativeperson__________(bee)involved,includingworkshopsandevents.31.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine__________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.32.Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty__________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.33.Totellthetruth,everyonethoughtshewasthemostsuitablewoman__________(take)thejob.34.I’veheardthatafootballmatchwillbeheldnextFridayandIcan’twait__________(watch)it.35.Afterreachingyourdestination,youwillhaveaday__________(explore)andbeamazedbythisancientcity.36.Shehasthepotential__________(improve)individualattainmentandbeeafamouswriter.37.__________(make)afilmlookreal,greateffortmustsometimesbemadetoresearch,findandbuildobjects.38.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhewouldgotoabigcity__________(find)ateachingjob.39.MoreTVprogramswillbeproduced__________(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.40.__________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.41.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only__________(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.42.Iwasshocked__________(hear)thatalargenumberofpangolins(穿山甲)werebeingkilledfortheirmedicalvalue.43.Iamdelighted__________(inform)youthatthisyear’smusicfestivalwillbeheldshortly.44.Asafanofthewriter,Iamdesperate__________(have)accesstogettinghislatestbook.45.Difficultastheproblemwas__________(overe),theykeptonseekingforpossiblesolutionsinsteadofgivinguphope.46.Weareveryawareofthevalueoftheproductweareproducingandwearenotscared__________(charge)forit.47.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew__________(deal)withallbyourselveseveryday.48.It’ssaidthatthenextOlympicGames__________(hold)intheircountrywillcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.49.Backpackerpolicies（保险单）arespeciallydesigned__________(meet)yourneeds,byofferingahighlevelofcoverforalongtimeoftravel.50.Thetextistoodifficult.Theexplanationofourteacherwillhelpmakeiteasy__________(understand).五、高考真题回顾：1.(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)—__________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.(2022·全国I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority__________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.(2022·新高考全国I卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup__________(see)them.4.(2022·全国甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep__________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.5.(2022·全国乙卷)__________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia......6.(2021·全国II卷)Idecidedtodosomething__________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.7.(2019·全国I卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.8.(2019·江苏卷)__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.9.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong__________(see)thebenefit.10.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___________(improve)waterquality.11.(2017·浙江)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring__________(cook)ameal.12.(全国Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__________(create)specialdesigns.13.(四川)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__________(eat)!六、语篇语法填空：(1)The78thUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblypassedaresolution(决议)onFriday,officially1(announce)theLunarNewYear,alsoknownastheSpringFestival,asaUNfloatingholiday.Expertssaidthemoveshowsthe2(significance)influenceofChinesecultureandwillcontribute3thepromotionoftheGlobalCivilizationInitiative.TheLunarNewYearnotonlybearstheideasofpeaceandharmony4(value)byChinesecivilizationbutalsocarriesthemonvaluesofhumanitysuchasfamilyharmonyandharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumans5nature.ThereasonwhytheLunarNewYearcanpassnationalbordersandisincreasinglyweledbymanycountries6(lie)mainlyintherichculturalheritageofChinaandthedrivingforceofglobalization.Astheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,China’sculturalelementshavespreadalongsideitseconomicinfluence.Inthetrendofglobalization,people’sinterestindiverseculturesis7(gradual)increasing,andtheLunarNewYearhasbeeamajormeansforpeople8(municate)andconnect.Therefore,theofficial9(recognize)oftheChineseNewYearasaUNholidayfullyreflectsanemphasisontheinheritanceandinnovationofcivilization,10willpromoteexchangesandmutuallearningamongdiverseworldculturesandactivelyembodytheUN’svaluesofdiverseandinclusiveculturalideals.(2)BeingthebiggestandtheoldestinAmerica,theChinatowninSanFranciscoisaverypopulartouristattraction,1canbevisitedatanytimeoftheyear.Theplaceusedtobethe2(settle)ofChineseimmigrants.Withtime3(go)by,itturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.Inthe1906earthquake,mostofChinatown4(destroy),butthecityandresidentsrebuiltit,takingcaretoincludelotsofChinesearchitecture,such5thelegendaryDragonGate,theTinHowTempleandBankofCanton.OnPortsmouthSquare,visitorscanexperience6(tradition)Chinesecultureinreallife.Youcanfindallkindsofsouvenirs,goods,clothingandChineseherbalmedicinethere.What’smore,youcantasteandbuy7(variety)ofChinesetea.TheChinesefoodthereis8(especial)appealingwithtraditionaldishesfromalloverChina.Chinatownsplay9importantpartinthediversecultureoftheUSA.TheyallowvisitorswhohaveneverbeentoChina10(experience)traditionalChineseculturefirsthand.(3)AputerprogramhasbeatenahumanplayerattheancientChineseboardgameGo(围棋).Itmarkedanimportantadvanceforthe1(develop)ofartificialintelligence.Theprogram,2(call)AlphaGo,hadtaughtitselfhowtowin.ItbeattheEuropeanplayerinallfivegamesofamatchinOctober.Thedeveloperssay3(it)learningabilitymaysomedayletputershelpsolvereal­worldproblems.Thosecouldincludemakingmedicaldiagnosesand4(explore)scientificresearch.Previouslyputershavebeatenhumansinothergames.Butamongclassicgames,Gohaslongbeenviewedasthemostchallenginggameforartificialintelligencetomaster.Therefore,manypeoplefindit5(accept)whenAlphaGowonthehumanplayer.Goinvolvestwoplayerswhotaketurnsputtingmarkersonacheckerboardlikegrid(格子).Playersobtaintheopponent’spieces6surroundingthem.Therulesaresimple,7playingitisnot.It’s8(probable)themostplexgameevercreatedbyhumans.MartinMueller,aputingscienceprofessor,9(work)onGoprogramsfor30years.Heoncesaid,“Thenewprogramisreallyabigstepupfromeverythingelsethatwe’veseen.It’savery10(amaze)pieceofwork.”(4)Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutspaceexploration.Somepeoplethink1(explore)spaceisawasteoftimeandmoney2othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspaceis3(help)tous.Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadea4(different)inthefightagainstworldhunger.Scientistsusethedata5(c