重庆市乌江新高考协作体2023-2024学年高二上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆市乌江新高考协作体2023-2024学年高二上学期开学英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemanbuyforhisfather?A.Ahat.B.Acard.C.Ashirt.2.HowwillTomknowiftheschooliscanceled?A.Byaskinghismother.B.Bywatchingthesnow.C.BycheckingtheTVnews.3.Wherewasthemanborn?A.InAmerica.B.InEngland.C.InCanada.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Annamaynothavetime.B.Annaisatherbrother’shouse.C.Annashouldinvitehimtodinner.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemusicfestivalthisyear?A.It’stoofaraway.B.It’stooexpensive.C.It’stoocrowded.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。6.HowmanyfiftiesdidFredstartwith?A.Two.B.Five.C.Ten.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inamathclass.C.Inagrocerystore.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whoinvitedthewomantotheparty?A.Michael.B.Michael’ssister.C.Michael’sbrother.9.WhatisthemangoingtogetforMichael?A.AnewCDplayer.B.Somerecords.C.Severalbaseballcards.10.Whycan’tthewomandecidewhattogetforMichael?A.Sheforgetswhathelikes.B.Sheonlyhasalittlemoney.C.Shedoesn’tknowhimwell.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.WhatwillJudydothisafternoon?A.SendPeterabrochure.B.Designsomemodels.C.Attendameeting.12.WhydoesPetermakethephonecall?A.Toordersomemachines.B.Toaskforcoloredpictures.C.Tochangethedeliverytime.13.Whenwillthespeakerssigntheagreement?A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Atnoontomorrow.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。14.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’sdoctor.C.Theman’spersonaltrainer.15.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Joinabasketballteam.B.Organizeasportsteam.C.Teachhighschoolsports.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodofirst?A.Stopeatingicecream.B.Haveamedicalexamination.C.Eatmorefruitandvegetables.17.Whydoesthewomansuggestthemanexercisemore?A.Toloseweight.B.Topreventaheartattack.C.Tostrengthenhismuscles.听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18.Howdidtheoldwoman’scookiesbecomefamous?A.Shestartedagoodcookiebusiness.B.Shegavethemtochildrenforfree.C.Shebakedtheminaspecialkitchen.19.Whydidthechildrenhelptheoldwomanatfirst?A.Theoldwomanwastoobusy.B.Theirparentswantedthemtodoso.C.Theywantedtogetsomeexperience.20.Whatdidthechildrendowhentheoldwomangotsick?A.Theycookedfoodforher.B.Theytookturnslookingafterher.C.Theysoldcookiestopaythedoctor.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butit’stooeasytobetrickedintobad“advertisingopportunities”andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.Facebookadvertising:Facebookprovidestheperfectadvertisingplatformforauthorsbecauseitallowstargetingveryspecificcategoriesofpeople.Theotheradvantageisthatit’seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary(货币的)commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.Amazonadvertising:Amazonallowsyoutoshowadsaboutyourbookdirectlyonotherbookpagesandsearchresultpages.SincetheirmainUSrolloutin2017,they’vebecomethemosteffectiveadvertisingplaceforauthors.Bookbubadvertising:Bookbubrolledoutaself-serveadplatformin2016,whichthey’vegreatlyimprovedsince.It’salesscompetitiveplayingfieldthanFacebookorAmazon,butitdoeshaveitsfeatures.Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou’rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.Othertypesofadvertisingincludesearchadvertising,Goodreadsadvertising,banneradsonwebsites,etc.Thesehaven’tproducedthesameeffectiveresultsformostauthorsyet,buttheycouldbejustaseffective(ormore)ifyouwriteinacertainfield.1.WhatisspecialabouttheFacebookadvertising?A.Itiseasyforauthorstoaccess.B.Itaimsatsavingmoneyforreaders.C.Itallowsadjustinginvestmentbyprofit.D.Itincludesdifferentcategoriesofinformation.2.Whichissuitabletopromoteyourbookwithadiscount?A.Facebook. B.Amazon. C.Bookbub. D.Freebooksy.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Togetreaderstobuymorebooks.B.Toraisepeople’sreadingawareness.C.Toofferauthorsadvertisingplatforms.D.Tohelppublisherscommunicatewithreaders.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种在书籍推广中常用的几种广告形式，并详细描述了每种广告形式的特点和优势，以及如何使用它们来提高书籍的知名度和销售量。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theotheradvantageisthatit’seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary(货币的)commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.(另一个优点是它很容易测试。你可以从低至5美元的预算开始，如果你的投资回报是积极的，你可以逐渐增加你的资金投入。)”可知，Facebook的广告很容易测试，可以从低预算开始，如果回报很好，就可以增加资金投入。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou’rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.(折扣/促销广告：如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。)”可知，如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。故选D。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butit’stooeasytobetrickedintobad“advertisingopportunities”andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.(每天都有成千上万的书出版，图书广告在提高人们对这些书的认识方面起着至关重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺骗到糟糕的“广告机会”，并做出错误的决定。以下是几种行之有效的数字广告形式。)”可知，文章主要提供了一些有效的数字广告形式。故选C。BAsfarasweknowbatteriesareplayinganimportantroleinourlife.Wecouldn’tlivewithoutbatteries.Whyso?Batteriesprovidepowerforanythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems(M/NEMS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.“Peoplebeartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.4.Accordingtoparagraph1and2,wecanlearnthat________.A.batteriescanonlypowersmallsensorsB.thelargerbatteriesare,themorepowertheycanprovideC.JaeKwonisworkinghardtoimprovechemicalbatteriesD.certainmethodswithhighenergydensitycanprovidepowerabundantly5.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4________.A.tointroducevariousenergysourcesB.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystemC.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedD.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied6.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto________.A.getridoftheradioactivewaste B.declinethedamagetolatticestructureC.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries D.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteries7.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery________.A.couldbeextremelythin B.willsoonreplacethepresentoneshasC.usesasolidsemiconductor D.passedthefinaltest〖答案〗4.D5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Kwon和他的研究团队一直致力于建造一个小型核电池，并且解释了它的关键部件以及对核电池的安全推测和预测。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”(MU电子与计算机工程助理教授JaeKwon说:“为了提供足够的能量，我们需要某些具有高能量密度的方法。”放射性同位素电池可以提供比化学电池高得多的功率密度。”)”可知，某些能量密度高的方法可以提供充足的能量。故选D项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.(Kwon说，虽然核能电池会引起担忧，但它们是安全的。)”和第四段中“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.(然而，核动力源已经安全地为各种设备提供动力，如起搏器、太空卫星和水下系统。)”可知，Kwon在第四段举例子是为了说明核电池可安全使用。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段““Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶体结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”(“使用放射性电池的关键是，当你收集能量时，部分辐射能会破坏固体半导体的晶格结构，”Kwon说，“通过使用液体半导体，我们相信我们可以最大限度地减少这个问题。”)”可知，液态半导体是被用来减少对晶格结构的损害。故选B项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.(Kwon表示，电池可能比人的头发还薄。)”可知，他的核电池可能非常薄。故选A项。CIntheannalsofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含义).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏见)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,havecomeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseincomeinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAIsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAItobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalcommunitymustcometogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促进)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemethodbywhichmachinesacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A.Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B.Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C.Byingestingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D.Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.9.Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A.Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B.BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C.Throughpersonalexperiences.D.ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAI.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB.UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC.ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD.BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AIhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B.TheglobalcommunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.C.TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D.ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.D11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.(人工智能的核心是数据。大量的数据被输入到算法中，从这些数据中学习，使它们能够做出预测，识别模式，甚至做出决策。)”可知，机器获得执行传统上需要人类智能的任务的能力的方法是通过摄取和处理大量数据。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.(人工智能的变革潜力是不可否认的。例如，在医疗领域，人工智能可以帮助早期发现疾病，预测患者的预后，甚至提出治疗方案。在金融领域，算法可以预测股票市场趋势，并提供个性化的理财建议。在交通方面，配备人工智能系统的自动驾驶汽车有望减少事故，缓解交通拥堵，并改变城市景观。)”、第四段“However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含义).(然而，潜力越大，责任越大。人工智能的兴起引发了关于其道德含义的争论。)”、第五段“Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.(此外，人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量的工作岗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.(另一个主要问题是人工智能的“黑匣子”性质。)”可推知，作者通过展示人工智能的积极潜力和挑战来论证人工智能的影响。故选B。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.(总之，人工智能是我们这个时代最深刻的发明之一。虽然它提供了巨大的机会，但它也带来了我们作为一个社会必须欢迎的重大挑战。当我们站在这个技术的十字路口时，我们的选择将决定人工智能对人类是有益还是有害。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。由此可知，D项：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety(平衡人工智能在现代社会中的潜力和挑战)是最好的标题。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促进)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.(从好的方面来看，许多专家认为，通过建立正确的框架，投资于教育和再培训，我们可以利用人工智能的力量为更大的利益服务。通过培养一种持续学习的文化和跟上技术进步的步伐，社会可以从人工智能的前景中受益，同时避免其潜在的危险。)”可知，解决人工智能带来的困境需要我们社会的共同努力。故选D。DFrozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthecurrenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.12.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeacomparison13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Acomprehensiveview.14.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.15.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries〖答案〗12.C13.D14.B15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。【12题详析】推理判断题。第一段“Frozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.(时间凝固，一只1.25亿年前的哺乳动物正在攻击一只恐龙。一头3900万年前的鲸鱼，是有史以来最重的动物。已知最古老的水母，来自5.05亿年前。古生物学产生了有新闻价值的发现)”讲述了古生物学产生了有新闻价值的古老化石发现，再结合第二段“Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.(此外，化石为漫长的生命史提供了直接证据，使古生物学家能够用他们提供的数据来检验进化论的假设)”和“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”可知，作者在前两段提出了一个观点——古生物学的意义不仅是化石发现，它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史。故选C项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。由第三段“Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.(古生物学家为我们提供了一个了解现代气候变化的独特vantage。他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用。化石对预测未来气候变化至关重要的气候模型提供了关键的限制。化石记录为生命将如何应对预测的未来气候条件提供了重要的见解，因为这些情况在地球历史上以前就发生过)”可知，古生物学家通过对化石进行研究，获得了重要的见解，使他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用，所以他们能为人类了解现代气候变化提供独特全面的视角，划线词意为“Acomprehensiveview(全面的视角)”。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。由第四段中“Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.(寻找过去大规模灭绝的原因开始了跨科学领域的开创性研究，重点关注未来对人类的潜在威胁)”和最后一段中“Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.(古生物学家知道，了解生命的过去对于预测和适应生命和人类的未来至关重要)”可知，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家能得出过去的经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯。由此推知，作者同意“过去的经验教训有助于预测未来的威胁”。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。由第二段中“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”和其它段落可知，文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在，D项“古生物学远不止是新的化石发现”符合文意，可以作为小标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Activelisteningisacommunicationskillthatinvolvesgoingbeyondsimplyhearingthewordsthatanotherpersonspeaksbutalsoseekingtounderstandthemeaningandintentionbehindthem.Theword“active”impliesthatyouaretakingsometypeofactionwhenlisteningtoothers.____16____BefullypresentActivelisteningrequiresbeingfullypresentintheconversation.Itenablesyoutoconcentrateonwhatisbeingsaid.Beingpresentinvolveslisteningwithallyoursensesandgivingyourfullattentiontothespeaker.Tousethisactivelisteningtechniqueeffectively,putawayyourcellphone,ignoredistractions,andshutdownyourinternaldialogue.____17____Andleteverythingelseslipaway.Payattentiontonon-verbalcues(非言语暗示)Asmuchas65%ofaperson’scommunicationisunspoken,____18____.Thisinvolvesnotfoldingyourarms,smilingwhilelistening,leaningin,andnoddingatkeypoints.Itcanalsobehelpfultopayattentiontoyourfacialexpressionswhenactivelisteningsothatyoudon’tconveyanytypeofnegativeresponse.KeepgoodeyecontactWhenengagedinactivelistening,makingeyecontactisespeciallyimportant.Thistellstheotherpersonthatyouarepresentandlisteningtowhatheorshesays.____19____Atthesametime,youdon’twanttousesomucheyecontactthattheconversationfeelsstrange.Tokeepthisfromhappening,followthe50/70rule.Thisinvolvesmaintainingeyecontactfor50%to70%ofthetimespentlistening,holdingthecontactforfourtofivesecondsbeforebrieflylookingaway.BepatientPatienceisanimportantactivelisteningtechniquebecauseitallowstheotherpersontospeakwithoutinterruption.Beingpatientinvolvesnottryingtofillperiodsofsilencewithyourownthoughtsorstories.Thisalsorequireslisteningtounderstand,nottorespond.____20____Also,don’tchangethesubjecttooabruptlyasthisconveysboredomandimpatience.A.Don’tprepareareplywhilelistening.B.Italsoshowsthatyouaren’tdistracted.C.Thisisn’thelpfulduringactivelistening.D.Souseopen,non-threateningbodylanguage.E.Don’tfocustoomuchoninsignificantdetails.F.Placeyourfocusonyourconversationpartner.G.Thisinvolvesusingcertainstrategiesortechniques.〖答案〗16.G17.F18.D19.B20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是积极倾听，以及做到积极倾听的方法。【16题详析】上文“Theword“active”impliesthatyouaretakingsometypeofactionwhenlisteningtoothers.(“积极”这个词意味着你在倾听别人的时候正在采取某种行动)”提到了积极倾听，选项G中this是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以G选项“这涉及到使用某些策略或技巧。”能承接上文，且能总领下文小标题中提到的技巧。故选G项。【17题详析】上文“Tousethisactivelisteningtechniqueeffectively,putawayyourcellphone,ignoredistractions,andshutdownyourinternaldialogue.(为了有效地使用这种积极倾听技巧，把你的手机收起来，忽略干扰，关闭你内心的对话)”提到了如何避免分散注意力，选项F中focus是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以F选项“把你的注意力放在你的谈话对象身上。”符合语境。故选