Unit1HonestyandresponsibilityExtendedreading知识点课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

XB4Unit1ExtendedreadingLanguagepoints

(Para.1)1.我很高兴也很荣幸…… _____________________2.在这个特殊的场合 _____________________

(Para.2)3.接受……进入……

_____________________4.即将/要发生在…身上 _____________________5.做好充分的准备 _____________________6.应对…的挑战 _____________________7.高度责任感_____________________

Itismypleasureandprivilegetodo…onthisspecialoccasionaccept…into…beinstoreforbewellpreparedmanagethechallengesofawell-developedsenseofresponsibilityExpressions

(Para.3)

8.对……负责 _____________________9.把……看作…… _____________________10.不是……而是……_____________________任……处置，对……无能为力 _____________________没有责任感 _____________________认真对待…_____________________

beresponsiblefortreat…as…not…but(rather)…atthemercyofhavenosenseofresponsibilitytake…seriously

(Para.4)

14.按时完成…… _____________________15.听从某人的指导 _____________________16.远远超出 _____________________17.经历，经受 _____________________18.出故障，弄错 _____________________19.践行……的美德 _____________________20.拼尽全力

_____________________meetdeadlinesfor...followone’sguidancegofarbeyondgothroughgowrongpracticethevirtueofgiveone’sbest

着手/开始做…… _____________________……的方方面面 _____________________

除了_____________________

(Para.5)

24.为……承担责任 _____________________25.社会的进步 _____________________26.一个有机整体 _____________________27.对……有影响/起作用 _____________________28.因此 _____________________29.捡起;获得;乘载;偶然学会 _____________________30.促成，导致……

_____________________setouttodoinallaspectsofapartfromassumeresponsibilityforthebettermentofsocietyanorganicwholemakeadifferencetoasaresultpickupcontribute/leadto激励某人做某事 _____________________有能力做某事 _____________________使…焦虑不安

_____________________

(Para.6)

34.正如谚语所说…… _____________________35.播下……的种子 _____________________36.祝你们一帆风顺 _____________________inspiresbtodosth.havethepowertodosth.weighonsbasthesayinggoessowthe

seeds

ofwishyoueverysuccess

Takingresponsibility(Line1)Honouredguests,teachersandstudents,itismypleasureandprivilegetowelcome

youheretodayandpresentmythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion.

承担责任尊敬的来宾、老师们、同学们，欢迎你们今天来到这里，

我很高兴和荣幸，在这个特殊的场合分享我的一些见解。1.privilege

n.荣幸；特殊利益

vt.给予特权,特别优待theprivilegeof...……的特权havetheprivilegetodosth./ofdoingsth.有特权做某事Itisa/sb’sprivilegetodosth.有幸做某事privileged

adj.

享有特权的；有特别恩典的eg.Asastudent,youhavethe

ofusingthelibrary’sresources.privilege(Line3)Students,thetimehasarrivedforyoutofullyacceptyourpassageintoadulthood.

IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults,

whositbeforemetoday,readytoembracethenextphaseofyourlives.Youmust

bebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstoreforyou.

同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我看到你们从紧张的高一新生，成长为今天坐在我面前的自信的青年，准备着拥抱你们生命的下一个阶段。你们对即将到来的人生经历，肯定既感到兴奋又有些担忧。2.IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults,whositbeforemetoday,readytoembracethenextphaseofyourlives.(Line4-5)①本句是一个复杂句。由who引导的从句，拓展资料说明先行词。②readytoembrace…是形容词短语作_______，表示伴随。非限制性定语adults状语3.Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstoreforyou.

(Line5-6)

instore(forsb.)即将发生（在某人身上）；等待着（某人）①参观画展的人将会发现许多令他们惊奇的东西。Therearelotsofsurprises

visitorstothegallery.②Wedon'tknowwhatlifeholdsinstoreforus.

翻译：

。

我们不知道等待我们的将是什么样的生活instorefor(Line7)Don'tworry,foryouareallresponsibleyoungpeople,wellpreparedandwellequippedtosuccessfullymanagethechallengesoftheyearsahead.不要担心，因为你们都是负责的年轻人，你们已经做好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。(Line9)Atschool,youhavegraduallyunderstoodtheimportanceofawell-developedsenseofresponsibility.Youacceptthatyouareresponsibleforyoursuccessesandyourfailures.Hopefully,youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdensyou,butrather

asafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuturedevelopment.在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们明白应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。4.

Hopefully,youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdensyou,butratherasafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuture

development.not...butrather...不是……而是……两个由介词as引出的短语，由并列结构not...butrather...连接定语从句把……看作；把……视为希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。(Line13)Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibilityisatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour.没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布;同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。5.Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibilityisatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehavior.

没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。(1)

该句运用了类比(Analogy)的修辞手法。类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。句中将没有锚的船的遭遇与没有责任感的人的处境进行了类比，使人懂得负担责任的重要性。Theeffectsofconsumingelectronicmediaarelikelytobefarmorelimitedthanthepanicimplies.Mediacriticswriteasifthebraintakesonthequalitiesofwhateveritconsumes,theinformationaequivalent(等同的)of"youarewhatyoueat."Aswithancientpeopleswhobelievedthateatingfierceanimalsmadethemfierce,theyassumethatwatchingquickcutsinrockvideosturnsyourmentallifeintoquickcutsorthatreadingbulletpointsandonlinepostingsturnsyourthoughtsintobulletpointsandonlinepostings.TheanalogyinthefinalsentenceofPassage2hasprimarilywhicheffectA.Itusesornate(华丽的)languagetoillustrateadifficultconcept.B.Itemployshumortosoftenasevereopinionofhumanbehavior.C.Italludes(暗指)tothepasttoevokeanostalgic(怀旧的)response.D.Itcriticizestheviewofaparticulargroup.(2).mercyn.

仁慈,宽恕

→mercifuladj.

仁慈的;宽大的

→bemercifultosbatthemercyof...

任由……摆布;受……控制showmercytosb=havemercyonsb怜悯某人It’samercythat...

幸亏……CaptainWhitebeathiscrewwithoutmercy.Theboywasscreamingand

beggingformercy.

无情地求饶【语境应用】单句语法填空。1)Theyshowedmercy________theirenemies.2)Theshipwas________themercyofthestorm.3)Shegotonherkneesandbegged________mercy.4)Therewasatimewhensomeendangeredanimalswerekilled_________mercy.5)Itis_________mercythatnoonewasinjuredinthebombexplosion.to

at

forwithoutae.g.①Weclearedthesnow,andourneighborsdidlikewise.

我们清扫了雪，邻居也这样做了。

②Justwatertheseplantstwiceaweek,and

likewise

theonesinthebedroom.

翻译：

。(3)likewiseadv.

同样地，类似地；也，而且这些植物一周浇两次水，睡房里的那些也一样(Line17)Asstudents,youmusttakeyourstudiesseriouslyandacceptresponsibilityforyour

ownlearning.Thismeansmeetingdeadlines

foryourschoolwork,followingyour

teachers'guidance,andofcourse,alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence.However,

yourresponsibilitiesgofarbeyondyourstudies.作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学习，对自己的学习负责。这意味着及时完成学习任务，遵从老师的指导，当然，还有总是以优秀的学业表现为目标。然而，你们的责任远远超出了学习。(Line19)Asyougothroughyourdailylife,

youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.Instead

ofbeingquicktoblameothers,analysetheproblem,andifitisindeedyourown

fault,bereadytoadmityourmistakeandthencorrectit.Thisway,youpractise

thevirtueofcourage.在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多的困难,事情也会出错。不要急于抱怨他人，要分析问题;如果确实是你自身的过失，要勇于承认错误，然后去纠正它。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。6.Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.(Line19-20)as引导时间状语从句where

引导定语从句，修饰先行词

situations(1)这是一个复杂句，属于主从复合句。由一个时间状语从句和一个主句构成。该主句本身也是一个主从复合句，其中包含着关系副词where引导的定语从句，对situations加以修饰和限制situation,case,point,stage,condition,position,occasion,scene等可以表示抽象地点。主句Asyougothroughyourdailylife,youwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.

在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的且可能会出错的情况.(2)gothrough

经历；遭受①She'sbeengoingthroughabadpatchrecently.

她最近很不走运。②He'samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe'shadtogothrough.

经历了种种磨难，他还那么乐观，令人惊叹。abadpatch

困难时期，倒霉时期①Thebillmighthavegonethroughiftheeconomywasgrowing.

如果经济保持增长的话，那个议案或许已经获得通过了。②Let'sgothroughtheargumentsagain.咱们再详细研究一下这些论据吧。③

Shewentthroughthecompany'saccounts,lookingforevidenceoffraud.她仔细审查公司的账目，寻找诈骗的证据。④Theboyswentthroughtwowholeloavesofbread.这些男孩把整整两条面包吃得精光。(法律、协议、决定)获得通过(尤指反复地)详细研究，仔细琢磨仔细察看某事物；检查某事物；审查某事物用完；耗尽gothrough

获得通过;详细研究;仔细检查;用完【拓展与应用】：用through相关短语填空getthrough通过，做完，接通gothrough审阅，检查，用完seethrough识破,看透pullthrough渡过危机，康复lookthrough翻阅，浏览，快速查看putthrough接通，完成①.Everyonewillhavetoatestbeforetheyareadmittedtotheuniversity.②.Ithinkyoucanthefirstfivechaptersbeforethedeadline.③.Thisstunningyoungwomanhadme.④.Theoldsoldiertwoworldwars.⑤.Wearedeterminedourprojectaheadoftime.⑥.Icouldneverlietomymotherbecauseshe’dmestraightaway.

getthroughpulledthroughlookthroughwentthroughseethroughtoputthrough(Line23)Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo,however

difficultthatmightbe.Thisway,youpractisethevirtueofdetermination.Be

honestbysayingwhatyoumeanandbymeaningwhatyousay.Thisway,you

practisethevirtueofintegrity.Takingresponsibilityinallaspectsofyoureveryday

life,

therefore,willhelpbuildastrongcharacter.无论你们打算做什么，无论有多困难，一旦决定就都要尽力去做。这样，你们就践行了决心的美德。诚实地说出自己的想法，忠实地去做你所说的。这样，你们就践行了正直的美德。因此，在日常生活的各个方面承担责任将有助于塑造坚强的品格。

7.Alwaysgiveyourbestin

whateveryousetouttodo,

howeverdifficultthatmightbe.这是一个复杂句，属于主从复合句。由主句和however引导的让步状语从句构成。该主句本身也是一个复合句，它包含了whatever引导的宾语从句，充当介词in的宾语。whatever意为“无论什么”，在宾语从句中作do的宾语。whatever引导的从句作介词in的宾语主句however引导让步状语从句(Line28)Apartfrompersonaldevelopment,assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalso

importantforthebettermentofsociety.Societyisanorganicwhole,andassocial

beings,wehavearesponsibilitytomakeacontribution.Youmayhaveheardthe

storyofasmallboywhotriedtosavestarfishleftonthebeachafterastorm,by

throwingthembackintothesea.除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，作为社会的一员，我们有责任做出贡献。你可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。8.Apartfrompersonaldevelopment,assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalsoimportantforthebettermentofsociety.

除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。assumev.承担（责任）；就（职）；取得（权力）①Themassmediashouldassume

responsibilityfor

socialeducation.

大众传媒应该承担起社会教育的责任。②MrCrosswillassumetheroleofChiefExecutivewithateamoffourdirectors.克劳斯先生将出任首席执行官，手下有4位经理。assumev.假定；假设；认为①Iassumethat

youneedtomakeanapologytoher.我认为你需要向她道歉。②Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.

咱们暂时假设计划成功。③________(assume)thatwecan'tgetthenecessaryequipment,

wewillhavetogiveuptheexperiment.

assumingthat表示"假设/如果"，引导从句，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。Assumingbettermentn.

改进；改善；改良betteradj.较好的，更好的v.

超过，胜过；改善，改进①Hisresearchisforthebettermentofmankind.

他的研究是为了人类进步。②翻译：我们正在为改善社会而工作。

Weareworkingforthe

betterment

ofsociety.

9.Youmayhaveheardthestoryof

asmallboy

whotriedtosave

starfish

leftonthebeach

afterastorm,by

throwingthembackintothesea.关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰

asmallboy过去分词短语作定语，修饰starfish方式状语(Line32)Passers-bytoldhimthathewaswastinghistime,

forhecouldnotpossiblysavethemall.However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,

believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved.Asaresult,

thepassers-byfeltinspiredandjoinedhiminsavingthestarfish.Similarly,the

littlethingsyoudocanmakeadifference!路人们告诉他，他是在浪费时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到启发，和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的小事也能带来不同!10.However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved.V-ing作

状语宾语从句定语从句makea/no/some/...differencetosb/sth

有（或没有、有些等）作用，关系，影响①

Changingschoolsmadeabigdifferencetomylife.

转学对我的一生有着重大影响。②

这场雨对比赛没多大影响。

Theraindidn'tmakemuchdifferencetothegame.

discouraged

adj.

灰心的，泄气的【同根词】discourage

v.

使泄气，使丧失信心；阻拦，阻止discouragesbfromdoingsth

使某人泄气而不做某事①Allthemembersfeltdiscouragedbecauseoftheslowprogressinwork.

因为工作进展缓慢，所有成员都感到灰心丧气。

②

Youshouldnotletonefailurediscourageyou.

你不该失败一次就灰心。

③

没有人可以阻止我追求梦想。

Noonecandiscouragemefrompursuingmydream.discouragingadj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的discouragementn.

劝阻(不可数)；使人泄气的事物，挫折(可数)couragen.勇气encouragev.鼓励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事【拓展】用courage的相关形式填空。①.It's

thatsomanystudentshavefailed.②.Despiteallthese

,sherefusedtogiveup.③.Peopleshouldhave

the

to

standupfortheirbeliefs.

④.Weare

to

learn

foreignlanguagesatschool.discouragementsdiscouragingcouragediscouraged根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子(每空一词，

含缩略形式)。①

___________________________(别泄她的气);she’sdoingherbest.②Hisfather____________________________________________________(阻止他参加)

theactivity,becausehethoughtitwasawasteoftime.③

Ithinkhemust____________________(感到沮丧)becauseofallthecriticismhehasreceived.④Wefelt_____________(discourage)whenweheardthe______________(discourage)news.Don’tdiscourageher

discouragedhimfromtakingfeeldiscouragedpartin

discourageddiscouraging(Line36)Forexample,pickingupgarbagearound

yourneighbourhoodcontributestoacleanerenvironment.Reportingaspeeding

carhelpsensureroadsafety.Beingenergy-efficientleadstosavingsofourprecious

naturalresources.Doingvolunteerworkatalocalnursinghomebringsloveand

warmthtotheelderly.例如，在社区清理垃圾有助于建设清洁环境。举报一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工会给老人们带去爱和温暖。(Line10)Justlikethe“starfishboy”,youmayeveninspirepeople

aroundyoutodothesame,whichisanaddedbonus.Workingtoge