美英报刊阅读lesson 1

美英报刊文章阅读

（精选本）（第五版）UNITONELESSONONE

PART

ONEWARMINGUP

PART

ONE

WARMINGUP

Directions:Inthispart,youaregoingtosee4logosofworldfamousnewsagencies.DoyouknowtheirEnglishandChinesenames.

TheAssociatedPress(AP)美国联合通讯社Reuters路透社AgenceFrance-Presse

(AFP)

法国新闻社

TheInterfaxNewsAgency国际文传电讯社PART

TWOBUILDINGUPVOCABULARY

PART

TWO

BUILDINGUPVOCABULARY

ambitiousbarrierbrilliantcapabilitycommitmentcultivatediscriminationevaluate障碍承诺雄心勃勃的聪明，高智商的歧视能力评价培养头版新闻的；很有新闻价值的庆祝活动，庆典festivity

frontpage

PART

TWO

BUILDINGUPVOCABULARY

innovation

launch

participate

pose

rank

secure

setting

transform

发起

排行

革新，创新

参与

环境，氛围

造成（难题等）

改变，转型

确保

牺牲品

提升

upgrade

victim

PART

THREE

READINGCOMPREHENSION

Chinaopensdoorsofstate-runcompaniestoworld’stoptalent

PART

THREE

READINGCOMPREHENSION

Vivek

WadhwaPART

THREEChinaopensdoorsofstateruncompaniestoworld’stoptalent.

Thetop1talentincountriesaroundtheworldhaveanewsuitor:theChinesegovernment.Chinahasasevereshortageofskilledtalentand,inapolicyreversal,hasdecidedtoopenitsdoorstotalentfromaroundtheworld.ThiscouldmeanthatthebrilliantNASAscientiststheU.S.,couldfindnewemployment—andanewhome—inShanghaiorBeijing.Chineseresearchlabshavelonghaddifficultyrecruitingqualifiedworkerstoperformnecessaryresearchanddevelopment,anditscorporationsstruggletofindcompetentmanagers.ThesituationwilllikelygetworseasChina’sindustriesgrowanditincreasesitsnationalR&Dspendingfromthepresent1.62percentof,accordingtotheChinesegovernment,totheplanned2.5percentby2020.laidofftosuspend(workers)fromemploymentwiththeintentionofreemployingthematalaterdate解雇、遣散

high-tech高科技的，“hightech”的形容词形式，也作“hightechnology”。

GDPabrev.andinitialsofGrossDomesticProduct.Itreferstothemarketvalueofallofficiallyrecognizedfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.国内生产总值

PART

THREEChina’sPresidentHu

Jintao,inMay2010,declaredtalentdevelopmentanationalpriorityinordertofillthevoid.ThegoalistodramaticallyincreasetheeducationlevelofChina’sworkforceandtobuildaninnovationeconomy.

Oneoftheseprogramsisthe“.”Theprogram’sgoalistobring2,000experiencedengineers,scientists,andotherexpertsofChineseoriginbackfromtheWest.Thegovernmentalsoannouncedthatitaimstocultivate100“”whocanleadChinesefirmsgettingintotheranksoftheworld’stop500countries.strategicentrepreneursThousandForeignTalentsProgramChinahaslaunchedseveralhigh-priorityprogramstoencourageskilledChinesetoreturnhome—allinanefforttomeetthecountry’spressingtalentdemands.中国已经启动了几个优先项目以鼓励具有熟练技能的海外华人回国，这一切正是为了满足国内对人才的紧迫需求。

PART

THREEBotheffortsarerunningaheadoftargetaccordingtoDr.,theDirectorGeneraloftheCenterforChinaandGlobalizationandanadvisortotheChinesegovernment.Chinahadrecruitedmorethan1,500“highqualitytalents,”accordingtoWang,and300returneeshadbeenenrolledinmanagementtrainingcoursesbyAugust2011.Thecourseswereconductedbyseniorministers.Theseindividuals,whilere-earninghowtooperatesuccessfullywithintheChinesesystem,areexpectedtoserveasacriticalcatalystintransformingChina’sinnovationenvironmentinwaysthatwillenhancethecountry’scompetitiveedge11acrossarangeofkey,strategicindustries.

Chinaisgettingmoreambitious,basedontheinitialrecruitmentsuccessesofthereturneeprogram.HuiyaoWangPART

THREETheChinesegovernmentinvitedmetoattendtheInternationalConferenceonthe“ExchangeofTalent”heldinShenzhenonNov.5.VicePremier,ZhangDejianglaunchedChina’s“ThousandForeignTalentsProgram,”which,forthefirsttime,opensChina’sdoorstoskilledforeignerstosecurelong-termemploymentinChina.TheChinesegovernmentannouncedthatitwillallowforeignnationalstotakeseniorrolesinscienceandtechnologysectorsand.TheywillalsopayforeignerssalariesequaltowhattheycanearnattoppayingjobsinAmerica.Andthegovernmentannouncedthatitintendstooffertoforeignentrepreneurs.state-ownedenterprisespermanentresident-typevisas永久居住签证(greencard)

ThisannouncementwasfrontnewsinChina,anditsimportanceshouldnotbeunderestimatedintheU.S.wherethesedevelopmentswerenotwidely.

covered这项计划在中国登上了报纸的头条新闻，但是在美国对这类事件却没有广泛的报道，然而，我们不能低估其重要性。

toreportthedetailsof(anevent)byanewspaper,TVnetworketc包含，覆盖

PART

THREETheseprograms,whichwereannouncedwithamazingfanfare,representasignificantbreakfromthetraditional“useChinese”policiesandagreateropennesstotheoutsideworld.Chinesegovernorsandseniorofficialsfromacrossthecountryparticipatedintheceremonies,andtheChinesegovernmentclaimedtheconferencehad100,000attendees.

Thefestivitiesthataccompaniedthisweredazzling,withculturalentertainersandacrobatsbroughtinfromalloverChina.DenisFredSimon,authorandVice-ProvostforInternationalAffairsattheUniversityofOregonwasoneofthenineforeignexpertsattheShenzhenconference.China,saidSimon,seestalentasthenextbigglobalracefordrivingcompetitivenessandinnovation.nothingshortofnothinglessthan,nothingbut（用于加强语气）不少于...的；简直

Thecountryisdeterminedtowinthisraceifonlytoensureitcancompletethegoaloftransformingitseconomy.

中国下决心要赢得这场比赛，即使只是为了确保实现其经济转型的目标。

PART

THREEWangalsoexplainedthattheChineseseethisnewtalentpoolasthekeytomovingfroma“madeinChina”orientationtoa“createdinChina”capability.Butsometimesthingsaren’tasrosyastheyseem.Someofthereturneeshavefoundthemselvesvictimsofdiscriminationandpettyjealousyfromthosewhostayedbehind.Moreover,theyhavestruggledtore-adapttoChina’srelationship-orientedculture,whichstandsinsharpcontrasttotheperformance-orientedcultureoftheWest.Comparedtothegenerallytransparentsetofrulesanddecision-makingprocessesthatarecommonplaceinU.S.andEuropeanresearchanduniversitysettings,returneesarefrequentlyconfoundedbythe“personalized”waysareevaluatedandaredistributed.China’sfuturegrowth,continuedWang,willrelymoreonthenewtalentstrategy,evenasitspastsuccesseswerebuiltmainlyonitsandinvestment.中国未来的发展将更加依赖于这一新人才战略，尽管它过去的成功基本上依靠的是它的人口优势和外国投资FDI。

populationdividendadvantagesobtainedfromthepopulation—人口优势（指一个国家的年轻劳动人口占总人口比重较大，抚养率比较低，为经济发展创造了有利条件。）

researchproposalsadocumentwrittenbyaresearcherthatprovidesadetaileddescriptionoftheproposedprogram.Itislikeanoutlineoftheentireresearchprocessthatgivesareaderasummaryoftheinformationdiscussedinaproject.（研究计划）

researchgrantsfundingdesignatedforresearch研究经费

PART

THREETherealityisthatdespitethegoodintentionsoftheprogram,theChineseresearchenvironmentremainsplaguedbyplagiarism,fraud,andotherscandals.

Thereisanevengreaterchallenge,however.Returneesarerefusingtomakefull-timecommitmentstotheirnewChineseemployers.Manyhavereturnedonlysporadically,oftennotmeetingthestatedresidencyrequirementsoftheThousandTalentsProgram.

ThebestoftheChinesetalentpoolabroadhasnotyetchosentoreturntoChina,especiallyinthescienceandtechnologyfields,saidSimon.Somewhowereconsideringreturninghome,hesaid,arestillwatchingandwaitingastheirpeerscopewiththechallengesofreturning.Familyconsiderationsalsoposeanimportantbarrier,saidSimon,asmanyChineseexpatriatesbasedoverseaswouldprefertheirchildrentocompletetheireducationabroadandnothavetosufferthroughChina’s“examinationhell”priortocollege.PART

THREEDiscussionswithChinesegovernmentleadersinShenzhenmadeitclearthatChineseleadersarenotsatisfiedwiththelevelofinnovationinthecountry.ItoldthemthatIdidn’tbelievethatChinacouldfixthisproblemmerelythroughreturnees.ChinawouldneedtolearnsomeofthetechniquesthatIndianindustryhasemployedtoupgradeitsworkforce.

China’smostcriticalchallengewillbetocreateamoreconduciveenvironmentforentrepreneurship.Innovationrequiresrisktaking,breakingexistingsystemsandchallengingthenorms.WithinHu

Jintao’smodelofa“harmonious”society(whathecalls“”),thispresentssomerealchallenges.UntilChinaallowsandencouragesmore“outofthebox”thinkingandbehavior,itsimplywon’tinnovate,norwillitproducethetypesofbreakthroughproductstopChineseleaderswishtoseecomingoutofChina’sresearchlabsandkeyenterprises.(FromTheWashingtonPost,November16,2011)hexieshehuiPART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERSWhatisthemainreasonforChinatoopenitsdoortotalentsfromotherpartsoftheworld?

1.Chinahasasevereshortageofskilledtalents.ThesituationwilllikelygetworseasChina’shigh-techindustriesgrowanditincreasesitsnationalR&Dspending.PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

Whatisthe“ThousandForeignTalentsProgram”?

2.The“ThousandForeignTalentsProgram”islaunchedbytheChinesegovernmenttobring2,000experiencedengineers,scientists,andotherexpertsofChineseoriginbackfromtheWest.PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

Sofar,whathasChinabeendoinginwelcomingthereturnees?

3.Chinahasrecruitedmorethan1,500highqualitytalents,and300returneeshavebeenenrolledinmanagementtrainingcourses.Theseindividuals,whilerelearninghowtooperatesuccessfullywithintheChinesesetting,areexpectedtoserveasacriticalcatalystintransformingChina’sinnovationenvironmentinwaysthatwillenhancethecountry’scompetitiveedgeacrossarangeofkey,strategicindustries.PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

Whatarethefavorableconditionsofferedtoattractthoseoverseastalents?

4.TheChinesegovernmentannouncedthatitwouldpermitforeignnationalstotakeseniorpositionsinscienceandtechnologysectorsandstateownedenterprises.TheywillalsopayforeignerssalariesequaltowhattheycanearnattoppayingjobsintheU.S.Andthegovernmentannouncedthatitintendedtoofferpermanentresidenttypevisastoforeignentrepreneurs.PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

WhatproblemshavesomeofthereturneesfoundaftercomingbacktoChina?

5.Someofthereturneeshavefoundthemselvesvictimsofdiscriminationandpettyjealousyfromthosewhofellbehind.Moreover,theyhavestruggledtoreadaptthemselvestoChina’srelationshiporientedculture,whichstandsinsharpcontrasttotheperformanceorientedcultureoftheWest.Forinstance,returneesarefrequentlyconfoundedbythe“personalized”waysresearchproposalsareevaluatedandresearchgrantsaredistributed.PART

FOUR

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS

WhyistherehesitationamongthoseoverseasChinese？

6.Becausetheyarefacedwiththechallengesofreturning.Forexample,theywouldprefertheirchildrentocompletetheireducationabroadandnothavetosufferthroughChina’s“examinationhell”priortocollege.

PART

FIVE

LEARNINGMORELOGOOverviewTheWashingtonPost

isaleadingAmericandailynewspaper.Itisthemostwidelycirculated

newspaper

publishedin

Washington,D.C.,andoldestextantinthearea,foundedin1877.LocatedinthecapitalcityoftheUnitedStates,

ThePost

hasaparticularemphasisonnationalpolitics.Dailyeditionsareprintedforthe

DistrictofColumbia,

Maryland,andVirginia.Thenewspaperispublishedasa

broadsheet,withphotographsprintedbothincolorandinblackandwhite.Intheearly1970s,inthebestknownepisodeintherecenthistoryof

ThePost,reporters

BobWoodward

and

CarlBernstein

ledtheAmericanpress'sinvestigationintowhatbecameknownasthe

Watergatescandal;reportinginthenewspapergreatlycontributedtotheresignationofPresidentRichardNixon.Inyearssince,itsinvestigationshaveledtoincreasedreviewofthe

WalterReedArmyMedicalCenter.Thenewspaperisalsoknownasthenamesakeof"TheWashingtonPostMarch",which

JohnPhillipSousa

composedin1889whilehewasleadingthe

UnitedStatesMarineBand;

itbecamethestandardmusictoaccompanythe

two-step,alate19th-century

dancecraze.ThePost

haswon

47PulitzerPrizes.Thisincludessixseparate

Pulitzersawardedin2008,thesecond-highestnumberevergiventoasinglenewspaperinoneyear.

The

PulitzerPrize

isaU.S.awardforachievementsinnewspaper

and

onlinejournalism,literatureand

musicalcomposition.Itwasestablishedin1917byprovisionsinthewillofAmerican(Hungarian-born)publisher

JosephPulitzer,andisadministeredby

ColumbiaUniversity

inNewYorkCity.Prizesareawardedyearlyintwenty-onecategories.Intwentyofthese,eachwinnerreceivesacertificateandaUS$10,000cashaward.

CirculationAccordingtothedataofSeptember30th,2003,theaveragecirculationofTheWashingtonPostwas768,023,

whichranksfifthbehindTheLosAngelsTimes,TheNewYorkTimes,TheWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.HISTORYFoundingandearlyperiodThepaperwasfoundedin1877by

StilsonHutchins

andin1880theSundayeditionwasadded,thusbecomingthecity'sfirstnewspapertobepublishedsevendaysaweek.WilkinsacquiredHatton'sshareofthepaperin1894atHatton'sdeath.AfterWilkins'deathin1903,hissons,JohnandRobertran

ThePost

fortwoyearsbeforesellingitin1905to

JohnRollMcLean,owneroftheCincinnatiEnquirer.

Meyer-GrahamperiodTheWashingtonPostwaspurchasedinabankruptcyauctionin1933byamemberofthe

FederalReserve'sboardofgovernors,

EugeneMeyer,whorestoredthepaper'shealthandreputation.In1946,Meyerwassucceededaspublisherbyhisson-in-law

PhilipGraham.Post-Graham

period

In1996,thenewspaperestablisheda

website.In2010,thepaperciteditslocalfocusasareasonforrunningitsfirst-everfrontpageadvertisement:theCapitalOne

adwasbeingruntodrawattentiontotherebrandingof

ChevyChaseBank,abankCapitalOneboughtin2009.AccordingtothePost'svicepresidentofadvertising,thepageoneadvertisementisa"verylocal,useful-information-for-our-readerstypeofcampaign.水门事件

(Watergatescandal)

1973年5月7日，《华盛顿邮报》以其调查水门事件的报道为公众服务而荣获普利策奖。这一事件是1972年6月有人企图在民主党全国委员会总部安装窃听器而引起的，到4月为止它已酿成全国性的大丑闻。事件结果ThescandalledtothediscoveryofmultipleabusesofpowerbytheNixonadministration,articlesofimpeachment（弹劾）,andtheresignationofRichardNixon,thePresidentoftheUnitedStates,onAugust9,1974

—

theonlyresignationofaU.S.Presidenttodate.对水门事件的报道，为《华盛顿邮报》带来了最辉煌的时刻。

特点擅长报道美国国内政治动态

追求事实真相报道著名的五角大楼事件，伊拉克战争，水门事件等。拥有优秀的职业团队Vivek

Wadhwa

Vivek

WadhwaisVicePresidentofAcademicsandInnovationatSingularityUniversity;FellowofArthur&ToniRembeRockCenterforCorporateGovernance,StanfordUniversity;DirectorofResearchattheCenterforEntrepreneurshipandResearchCommercializationatthePrattSchoolofEngineering,DukeUniversity;anddistinguishedvisitingscholar,HalleInstituteofGlobalLearning,EmoryUniversity.WadhwaoverseestheacademicprogramsatSingularityUniversity,whicheducatesaselectgroupofleadersabouttheexponentiallygrowingtechnologiesthataresoongoingtochangeourworld.InhisrolesatStanford,Duke,andEmoryuniversities,Wadhwalecturesinclassonsubjectssuchasentrepreneurshipandpublicpolicy,helpspreparestudentsfortherealworld,andleadsgroundbreakingresearchprojects.Heisanadvisortoseveralgovernments;mentorsentrepreneurs;andisaregularcolumnistforTheWashingtonPost,BloombergBusinessWeek,andtheAmericanSocietyofEngineeringEducation’sPrismmagazine.ThousandForeignTalentsProgram外专千人计划In2008,theChinesegovernmentstartedaplancalledthe“OverseasHighlevelTalentsIntroductionProject”（海外高层次人才引进计划）,referredtoasthe“ThousandTalentsPlan”.Accordingtonationaldevelopmentstrategicgoals,theChinesegovernmentwantedtointroduceabout2,000scientistsandleadingtalentstoChinawithin5to10years.Inordertocompetefortalentsandscientists,thelocalgovernmentslaunchedthelocal“ThousandTalentsPlan”.Accordingtotheproject’seligibilitycriteria（合格标准）,employersshouldbeuniversities,scientificinstitutions,ChineseinvestedenterprisesorjointventuresinwhichChineseinvestorshaveamorethan50percentstake.Thetargetedforeignprofessionalsincludeprofessorsatprestigiousuniversitiesandscientificresearchinstitutionsaswellasseniortechnologyandmanagementprofessionalsinworldrenownedcorporationsorfinancialinstitutions.TheProgramalsoseeksthosewhocontrolintellectualpropertyrights（知识产权）ormastercoretechnologyandthosewithoverseasexperienceinstartingandrunningbusinessesandotherskillsthatChinaurgentlyneeds.StrategicEntrepreneurship

战略型企业家素质Strategicentrepreneurshipisanewlyrecognizedfieldthatdrawsfromthefieldsofstrategicmanagementandentrepreneurship.Thefieldemergedofficiallywiththe2001specialissueoftheStrategicManagementJournalon“strategicentrepreneurship”;theStrategicEntrepreneurshipJournal,appearedin2007.Strategicentrepreneurshipisbuiltaroundtwocoreideas.(1)Strategyformulationandexecutioninvolvesattributesthatarefundamentallyentrepreneurial,suchasalertness,creativity,andjudgment,andentrepreneurstrytocreateandcapturevaluethroughresourceacquisitionandcompetitivepositioning.(2)Opportunityseekingandadvantageseeking—theformeristhecentralsubjectoftheentrepreneurshipfield,andthelatter,thecentralsubjectofthestrategicmanagementfield—areprocessesthatshouldbeconsideredjointly.Thisentryexplainsthespecificlinksbetweenstrategyandentrepreneurship,reviewstheemergenceanddevelopmentofthestrategicentrepreneurshipfield,anddiscusseskeyimplicationsandapplications.Itsfocushasbeenonhowfirmssystematicallydiscoverandexploitopportunitiesviaprocessesofsearch,learning,andinnovation.HuiyaoWang王辉耀WangHuiyao(1958-)isawellknownleadingauthorityonglobaltalent,returnees,overseasChineseandstudents,andmigratio