Unit4NevertoooldGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版(2020)选择性

新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4Nervertoooldtolearn

GrammarandUsage◆Simplesentences(简单句)◆Compoundsentences(并列句)◆Complexsentences(复合句)◆

Compound-complexsentence(并列复合句)Focuson基本结构AnalysisofcomplicatedsentencesReadandpointouttheirsentencepatterns.Allofuslaughed!Imissmygrandma.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Hetoldusafunnystory.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.Hetalkedtoomuch.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.主语+谓语

(SV)主语+谓语+宾语

(SVO)主语+谓语+表语

(SVP)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

(SVOO)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(SVOC)主语+谓语+状语

(SVA)主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)Asimplesentencecontainsa_________anda________.ObserveandsaysubjectverbSimplesentence(简单句)对下列句子的成份进行划分Thingschanged.Treesaregreen.Wedon’tbeatchildren.Hegavehissisterthepiano.Ifoundthebookeasy.简单句含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句中包含宾语、定语、状语、补语等，使得句子变得很长。要准确地理解句子，需要理清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。1.

介词短语作修饰语，在句中作定语或状语。Incommunication,asmileisusuallyastrongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude.在交流时，微笑通常是表达友好和开放的态度的强烈信号。状语定语Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleyscanbetakenincolor.用新的科技，水底的山谷能被拍出彩色照片。状语定语简单句2.

非谓语作修饰语，在句中作定语或状语。________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.在一部新电影中，安迪被给予了一个重要角色，获得了一个出名的机会。过去分词短语作状语MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国建成了越来越多的公路，这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅游变得容易多了。现在分词短语作结果状语MoreTVprogrammeswillbeproduced_________(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.还要制作更多的电视节目以提高对食品安全的关注。不定式短语作目的状语Offeredmakingtoraise简单句3.

形容词（短语）作修饰语，在句中作定语或状语。Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.托尼既惊讶又高兴，站起来接受了奖品。作伴随状语Afterschool,heattendedclasses________(relate)tohischosenoccupation.放学后，他参加了与他选择的职业有关的课程。作定语Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some________(have)alifespanofaround20years.蝙蝠是寿命长得惊人的生物，有些能生存约20年。4.

独立结构作修饰语，在句中作状语。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog___________(follow)them.这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。relevanthavingfollowingCompoundsentence(并列句)Readthefollowingsentences.Circlethelinkingwordsandunderlinethemainclauses.1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.由并列连词或其他并列手段连接两个或两个以上的简单句而成的句子叫作并列句。基本结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句。“but”表转折关系不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.“and”表并列关系表示并列关系和递进关系的并列连词有:and,both…and…,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等。“or”表选择关系表示转折和对比关系的并列连词有:but,yet,whereas,while等。表示选择关系的并列连词有:or,orelse,otherwise,either…or…,not…but…等。“so”表因果关系表示因果关系的并列连词有:so,for,thus,therefore等。“or”表结果关系表示条件或结果的常用句型有:祈使句+and/or+陈述句并列句Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,_____youarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.有多达五门的课程，并且你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。1.

并列关系

常用的连词有and（并且），when（就在这时），notonly...

but(also)...（不仅……而且……），neither...nor...（既不……也不……）等。NotonlydoesshespeakSpanish,_____she’salsogoodatcomputers.她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机。并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有and，or，but等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词并弄清楚各分句之间的关系。notonly后的分句要部分倒装andbut并列句Thistimewereallyneedtosucceed,_______peoplewillstartgivingusfunnylooks.这次我们真的需要成功，否则人们会开始用异样的眼光看我们。2.

选择关系

常用的连词有or（或者，否则），otherwise（否则），or

else（否则），either…or…（要么……要么……）。Eitherhecouldnotcome_____hedidnotwantto.他要么是不能来，要么就是不想来。Don’tstartgivingmeproblems;___________I’llhavetobeveryunpleasantindeed.不要开始给我找麻烦，否则我就不客气了。orelseotherwiseor并列句There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery______anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎同样聪慧的人却没能做到。3.

转折关系

常用的连词有but（但是），while（然而），yet（可是）等。She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,_____shelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.她原来住在伦敦和曼彻斯特，但这两个地方她都不喜欢，所以她搬到了剑桥。I’vebeenawayonlyforthreeyears,_____Icanhardlyrecognizemyhometown.我仅在外三年，可我几乎认不出我自己的故乡了。while

butyet并列句Theresearchlackssolidevidence,_____itsconclusionsaredoubtful.这项研究缺乏可靠的证据，因此，它的结论值得怀疑。4.

因果关系常用的连词有for（因为）和so（所以，因此）等。Welistenedeagerly,_____hebroughtnewsofourfamilies.我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。for意为“因为”，for引导的分句是对前面分句的补充说明。sofor特殊并列连词及并列句1.when可用作并列连词，意为“这时、那时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(1)“beabouttodosth.when...”意为“正要做某事，这时突然……”；我正要上床睡觉，这时电话突然响起。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.(2)“beonthepointofdoingsth.when...”意为“正要做某事，这时突然…”；(3)“bedoingsth.when...”意为“正在做某事，这时突然……”；(4)“had(just/already)donesth.when...”意为“刚做完某事，这时突然…”。2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语，表条件或结果。Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebutton______ahighly­trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。Startoutrightaway,____

we'llmissthefirsttrain.立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。andor并列连词的考查主要集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”、and表示并列、yet/but表示转折、or表示选择、so表示因果、while表示对比、when表示“突然”等方面。Complexsentence(复合句)Readthefollowingsentences.Marktheclauses,andidentifythetypesoftheclauses.1.Whatsurprisedmemostwashiswayofspeaking.

2.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.3.Ifeltthatshehadastrongwill.4.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.5.TheletterthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.6.Asshehadapassionforwalking,westartedoffonfoot.

主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句定语从句（原因）状语从句由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句合成的句子叫作复合句。从句可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语或状语，即从句可为定从、状从和名词性从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Hetoldme

thenews.宾语thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语从句howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.whenhewasleavingforParis.Thatsurprisedthepeople

intheroom.主语Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerWhathesaidwhathedid定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句That

isthefact.what

heneeds.whathegaveme.why

hewaslate.because

hewasill.what

hashappened.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Heworked

inthatfactory地点状语Hisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.whereIlivedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.时间状语whenhelivedthereHelivedtherethreeyearsago.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Putthebook

onthedesk.地点状语whereitwas.where

youfoundit.whereyoutookit.用所给连词连接句子Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(条件)We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Compound-complexsentence(并列复合句)Readthefollowingsentence.Circlethelinkingwordandunderlinethemainclauses,thenmarktheclauses.Manymenwhospendtheirworkinglifeinthecitydevotetheirweekendstovoluntarytoilintheirgardens,andwhenthespringcomes,theyexperienceallthejoyofhavingcreatedbeauty.两个或两个以上并列的分句，其中一个或多个又是主从复合句结构，这种句子被称为并列复合句。定语从句时间状语从句ApplyingtherulessimplesentenceAsentencethatonlyhasoneindependentclause.Itcontainsonesubjectandoneverb.Itcanexpressacompleteidea.

Vocationaleducationisnotanewidea.subjectlinkverb(系动词）Exploringtherulescompoundsentenceasentencemadefromtwoindependentsentencesjoinedby“and”,“or”,or“but”.

Intoday'srapidlydevelopingsociety,vocationaleducationisbecomingmoreandmorevaluableanditgivesapplicantanadvantageinthejobmarket.twoindependentsentencesExploringtherulescomplexsentenceAcomplexsentencecontainsamainpartandoneormoreotherparts.Vocationaleducationisnolessimportantthanacademiceducationbecauseitcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticularfield.mainsentenceadverbialclauseofcauseExploringtherulescompound-complexsentenceTwoormorecoordinatedindependentclauseswithatleastonecomplexclausemakeacompound-complexsentence.

Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“learnbydoing”and“learnthroughtrialanderror”,andthenfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.Exploringtherules宾语从句Matcheachsentencewiththecorrecttypeinthetablebelow.Writedownthenumbers.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Simplesentence1CompoundsentenceComplexsentenceCompound-complexsentenceExploringtherules23，5，6，8，94，710WorkouttherulesonPage48.Asentenceinwhichbothcoordinationandsubordinationoccuriscalleda_____

sentence.Identifyinglinkingwordsanddeterminingthefunctionsofclausesarehelpfulinanalysingcomplicatedsentences.Exploringtherulescompound-complexApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperlinkingwords.1.Iwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay.Idecidedtofinishintwodays.IwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenIwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay,

Idecidedtofinishintwodaysso

thatIwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.2.Patrickwasacollegestudent.Heworkedpart-timeinacompany.Hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenPatrickwasacollegestudent,

heworkedpart-timeinacompanybecause

hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.Applyingtherules3.

Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace.Moststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwith

trainingintheworkplace,asaresultofwhichmoststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingof

theirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.ApplyingtherulesB2ThepassagebelowisaboutLeon’sexperienceofvocationaleducationinGermany.Completeitwithproperlinkingwords.Leonwantedtobecomeanelectrician,(1)_____________likemanyyoungGermanstudents,hedecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.InGermany,(2)_______________someonewantstobecomeanelectrician,aphotographerorahotelmanager,theywillprobablygothroughthevocationaleducationsystemwhichcombinestheoryintheclassroomwithpracticeintheworkplace.Leonchosetoworkatanelectricalcompany(3)______________hehadtospendthreedaysaweek.Healsohadtoattendschoolfor12hoursaweek.Atwork,Leonlearntabouthistrade,whichinvolvedmuchdrilling,andhekeptadetailedjournalofthenewskillshewhether/ifandwhereApplyingtherulesacquired.Atschool,heattendedclassesrelevanttohischosenoccupation.Theseincludedlessons(4)______________focusedontopicslikeelectricalcircuits.Thecompanyandtheschooloperatedindependentlyofeachother(5)_____________Leonhadtoshowhisgradestohismanageratwork.Overthecourseofhisstudies,Leonhadtopasstwoexams.Onewastohighlightanygapsinhisknowledge.TheotherwasthefinalexamLeonsattogainthenecessaryqualificationstobecomeanelectrician.Leongraduatedafterdemonstratingtheappropriatelevelofunderstandingandtechnicalcompetence,(6)____________henowanticipatesalongandhappycareerasanelectrician.

that/whichbut/andand/so1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceApplyingtherulesB3Ingroupsofthree,onestudentstartsastoryonthetopicoflearningwithasimplesentence.Thesecondstudentaddsaclausetomakeacompoundorcomplexsentence.Thethirdstudentaddsanotherclausetomakeacompound-complexsentence.Taketurnstocontinuethestory.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.A:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:...ExampleApplyingtherulesA:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady,andsomethingunexpectedhappened.A:Iwasreadingabook.B:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting.C:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting,butthisoldladyaskedtohavealookatthebook.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Igavetheoldladythebook.B:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar.C:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar,soIaskedifshelivedinmyneighbourhood.A:Theoldladysmiledatme.B:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebook.C:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebookaftershehadaquicklook.A:Icontinuedreadingthebook.B:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentrate.C:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentratebecauseIfeltIknewwhotheoldladywas.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Ifinishedreading.B:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation.C:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation,andIgotagreatshock.A:Theauthorwastheoldlady.B:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow.C:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow,butImissedararechancetotalkwithher.Sample1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceLanguagePoints1.“Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandoffering

hands-ontrainingintheworkplace.”1)occupation—occupy—occupied被占用的；被侵占的；忙的2)occupyoneselfwith/doingsth→beoccupiedwith/doingsth忙于...3)underoccupation被占领，在占领下4)choo