专题19 名词六大类十五个高频考点（讲案）原卷版

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题19名词六大类十五个高频考点（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）目录一、名词用法快问快答P1二、名词用法思维导图P2三、五年高考名词考点细目表P2考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法P3考点清单二、不可数名词的用法P4考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法P5考点清单四、名词所有格的用法P5考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀P7考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能P8分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）P10【2024题组】P10【2023题组】P10【2022题组】P11【2021题组】P11分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）P11分类训练（三）名词单数变复数十六组P12分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例P12分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创）P13“city不city”网络热梗的流行折射中国旅游蓬勃生机P13一、名词用法快问快答Q1：名词用法有哪些注意事项？A1：名词是英语最基本的词性。首先需要掌握名词的分类和用法，其次是名词的单复数变化，然后是名词的词形转换，最后是名词的用法。Q2：使用名词需要注意什么？A2：首先需要注意名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，其次该名词该用单数形式还是复数形式，甚至还应考虑名词前边冠词的变化。Q3：如何才能学好名词？A3：一要掌握名词的知识网络，二要了解名词的用法，三要学以致用。Q4：学好名词有什么意义？A4：一能提高语言的准确性，二能在日常英语中尤其是应用文写作和读后续写中尝试使用高级词汇进一步提升句子表达力。二、名词用法思维导图三、五年高考名词考点细目表卷别词类转换单数变复数名词所有格2024新高考I卷engineering,richnessfavourites2024新高考II卷visibilitythemes2024全国甲卷completiontreasures2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全国甲卷warning2023全国乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全国甲卷protection2022全国乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全国甲卷watchtowers2021全国乙卷developmentActivities2020全国I卷interest2020全国II卷celebration2020全国III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy2019全国I卷belief2019全国III卷competition考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法要点精讲：可数名词单数变复数的场合场合用法示例一般情况下在词尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glasses,box→boxes,church→churches,brush→brushes以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词直接加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以元音字母+-o结尾的名词直接加-szoo→zoos,zero→zeros以元音字母+-o结尾的名词特殊直接加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-f,-fe结尾的名词变f或fe为-veswife→wilves,wolf→wolves以-f,-fe结尾的名词直接加-sgulf→gulfs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs,safe→safes单复数同形的名词单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species特殊记忆的名词单独记忆man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名词的复数主体名词变复数passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on合成名词的复数无名词最后加-sgrown-up→grown-ups,go-between→go-betweens【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.(2023新高考II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.4.(2023北京卷)Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect(city)fromcoastalwinds.5.(2021新高考1卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_______(human)are.考点清单二、不可数名词的用法要点精讲：不可数名词用法用法示例1.不可数名词没有复数形式。2.前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。1.常见不可数名词有fun趣味,furniture家具,luggage行李,information信息,progress进步,advice建议,air空气,knowledge知识,news消息,equipment设备,work工作,homework作业,housework家务。2.这些名词取首字母可以妙记为flipaknew(飞来品，牛)。【即时训练】单句改错1.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.2.(2016全国II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.3.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.4.(2015全国I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.(2011全国I卷）Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。②物质名词具体化drink饮料→twodrinks两杯饮料coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡chalk粉笔→achalk一支粉笔hair头发→ahair一根头发③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.考点清单四、名词所有格的用法要点精讲：名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。①表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如：mysister'stelephone姐姐的电话Jones’room琼斯的房间Nurses’Day护士节Women’sday妇女节。②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：atthebarber's在理发店atmyuncle's在我叔家HaveyouevermetTom'sandJim'sfathersbefore?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲③若一样东西为两人所有，只在后一个名词后加’s。ThisisTomandJim'sfather汤姆和吉姆的父亲。2.of所有格无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户3.双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)afriendofmine(我的一个朋友)名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John'shome约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students'textbooks学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子们的游戏。表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的标题;thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字。双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修饰,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的这只小猫。【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.（2022浙江1月卷）Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

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____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀后缀示例－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；论述decide→decision决定admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海员，水手drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员－mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府astonish→astonishment惊奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；表现exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考，查阅－ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing听力，听觉begin→beginning开始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢复discover→discovery发现要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差异evident→evidence证据－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；优势warm→warmth温暖；热情－y/－tysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；伤残responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.（2023新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.（2023全国甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty69(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.（2022全国甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.（2021新高考II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能要点精讲1：名词分类要点精讲2：名词句法功能1.作主语Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。HisgrandpajoinedtheRedArmyattheageoffifteen.他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。2.作宾语（1）作及物动词的直接宾语Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你写完给珍的信了吗？（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她问了医生另一个问题。（3）作介词的宾语。After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？3.作表语It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在这里栽些树是个好主意。Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。4.作宾语的补足语TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定语（1）直接作定语,通常用单数形式。collegestudents大学生girlfriend女友vegetablegarden菜园basketballmatch篮球赛Let’sstopbythebookstoreonthewayhome.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！Heboughttheshoesinthatshoeshop.这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。（2）名词所有格作定语。students’books学生用书China’scapital中国的首都theworld’spopulation世界人口（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。Hesaidthattwowomendoctorswouldcometoourvillagethenextday.他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。Therearemanymenteachersinourschool.我们学校有很多男教师。（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。armsproduction武器生产clothesshop服装商店salesdepartment营业部agoodstrain货车savingsbank储蓄所foreignlanguagesdepartment外语系（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。LearningSkillscenter学习技巧交流中心TheBoysClub男孩俱乐部（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。apeasantfamily/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)aworker’sfamily(worker习惯用所有格作定语)（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。womendrivers女司机thewoman’sdriver这位妇女的司机girlfriend女朋友thegirl’sfriend这女孩的朋友mothertongue母语mother’stongue母亲的舌头（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性goldwatch金表(指手表是含金的)goldenwatch金色的表(指表是金色的，但不一定含金)6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.战士们一夜行军五十公里Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克。【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2.Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2024题组】1.(2024新课标I卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.2.（2024新课标I卷）TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.3.（2024新课标I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.4.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.5.（2024新课标II卷）Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.6.（2024新课标II卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.7.（2024全国甲卷）Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatchourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).8.（2024全国甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.9.(2023新课标II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.【2023题组】10.（2023全国甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.11.（2023新课标II卷）Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.12.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.13.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).【2022题组】14.（2022全国甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).15.（2022浙江1月卷）Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).16.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa__________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.17.（2022新课标I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,【2021题组】18.（2021新课标II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.19.（2021新课标I卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.20.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople21.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)22.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。1.(2023全国甲卷)Thebees,butterflyandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifulonthestamps.2.(2022全国乙卷)Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.3.(2021全国甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.4.(2021全国乙卷)Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.5.(2020全国I卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

6.(2020全国II卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.7.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.8.(2019全国Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.9.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.10.(2018全国II卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.分类训练（三）名词单数变复数十六组给出下列各组单词的复数形式：1.glass bus box church brush2.breath path ox mouth stomach3.family factory city country baby4.valley chimney monkey holiday boy5.potato tomato hero Negro volcano6.kilo piano photo radio kangaroo7.knife leaf wolf life thief8.gulf roof belief proof chef9.tooth goose mouse10.child man woman policeman Frenchman11.Roman German human12.phenomenon quiz crisis analysis emphasis13.grown-up passer-by looker-on stand-by editor-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyfriend girlstudent manteacher womanscientist分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例给出下列单词的名词形式，若有两个名词，先人后物：1.accept2.accommodate3.accurate4.acquaint5.admit6.abundant7.anxious8.appear9.approve10.allow11.argue 12.arrive 13.assist14.appoint15.aware16.beautiful17.bore18.pare20.plain22.consume23.conclude24.consequent25.curious26.decide27.deep28.depart29.depend30.describe31.destroy32.disturb33.diverse34.emergent35.enter36.enthusiastic37.equal38.except39.expect40.exist41.expand42.explain43.explore44.friendly45.fluent46.fly47.found48.frequent49.generous50.grow 51.honest52.ignore53.improve54.injure55.roduce57.invite58.just59.laugh60.long61.lose62.major63.mix64.modest65.necessary66.occupy67.operate 68.participate69.permit70.physics 71.piano72.poor73.possible74.prefer75.prepare 76.nounce 79.publish80.qualify81.real82.recognize83.recover84.refuse85.relax86.relieve87.resist88.respond89.responsible90.secure91.significant