职称英语卫生类A级模拟63

［模拟］职称英语卫生类A级模拟63

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Youwillfindthatthecommunityhas<u>experienced</u>greatchanges

sinceyoucameherelasttime.

A.undergone

B.experimented

C.submitted

D.sustained

参考答案：A

experience和undergo同义：经历、经受；experiment：试验；submit：提交、

提出；sustain：支撑、支持。

第2题：

Itiseasiertoadapttonewsituationsifonehasa<u>flexible</u>

attitude.

A.changeable

B.fashionable

C.moveable

D.elastic

参考答案：D

flexible和elastic同义：灵活的；changeable：多变的、易变的、喜怒无常

的；fashionable：时尚的；moveable：可移动的、活动的。

第3题：

Shecouldnotenduretheextreme<u>tension</u>andbrokeintotears

suddenly.

A.bravery

B.strain

C.danger

D.security

参考答案：B

tension和strain同义：紧张、压力：bravery：勇敢、勇气；danger：危险；

i

security：安全。

第4题：

Unableto<u>control</u>himself,hetorethephonefromhiswife'shand,

thenfromthesocket,andthrowitacrosstheroom.

A.restrain

B.refresh

C.release

D.relieve

参考答案：A

restrain和control都表示“控制、约束"；refresh：使精神振作；release：

释放、解放；relieve：减轻、解除。

第5题：

Thegovernmentwouldnotdareto<u>impose</u>taxesonsuchnecessities

asbreadormilk.

A.cut

B.force

C.occur

D.charge

参考答案：D

impose：征收税款,和charge（要价、收费）意思相近;cut：切、割;force：

强迫；Occur：出现。

第6题：

He<u>maintained</u>thattheopinionwaswrong.

A.emphasized

B.repaired

C.held

D.helped

参考答案：C

maintain：维持、坚持,和hold（持有）意思相近;emphasize：强调；repair：

修理；help：帮助。

第7题：

Afamousscientististryingto<u>explain</u>hisnewfindings.

A.elicit

B.emulate

2

C.eradicate

D.elucidate

参考答案：D

explain和elucidate都表示“解释、阐明"；elicit：诱出、探出事实；emulate：

与……竞争、努力赶上；eradicate：根除、消灭。

第8题：

TheUnitedStatesCongressandthestatelegislatures<u>approve</u>

thousandsoflawseachyear.

A.amend

B.debate

C.pass

D.draft

参考答案：C

pass：通过、批准，和approve（赞同、核实）意思相近；amend：修正、修订；

debate：辩论；draft：起草、草拟。

第9题：

Itisdifficulttounderstandthiskindof<u>complicated</u>

calculation.

A.exultant

B.complex

C.petulant

D.varied

参考答案：B

complicated和complex是同义词，都有“复杂”的意思；exultant：狂喜的、

兴高采烈的；petulant：易怒的、脾气坏的；varied：各种各样的、不相同的。

第10题：

LargeareasofAlaskanlandremain<u>desolate</u>duetoharshclimate.

A.barren

B.immature

C.accessible

D.parched

参考答案：A

desolate和barren是近义词，都有“贫瘠、荒凉”之意。desolate强调尚未开

3

发地区的那种荒凉，barren则强调某一地区没有生命的存在。immature：不成

熟的；inaccessible：不可接近的、达不到的；parched：烘烤的、干透了的。

第11题：

Einstein'stheoryofrelativityseemed<u>incredible</u>whenitwas

firstintroduced.

A.brilliant

B.complicated

C.unbelievable

D.distinguished

参考答案：C

incredible和unbelievable同义：难以置信的；brilliant：光辉的、显赫的：

complicated：复杂的；distinguished：卓越的、杰出的。

第12题:

Theprojectfordevelopinglocalindustrieswas<u>evaluated</u>forits

usefulness,feasibilityandeasinessofexecution.

A.assessed

B.compared

C.measured

D.weighed

参考答案：A

evaluate：估价、评价,和assess（评估）意思相近;compare：比较；measure：

衡量；weigh：称重量、权衡（利弊等）。

第13题:

Hissuccessinworkhas<u>tempted</u>manytotrythisnewmethod.

A.attracted

B.called

C.implied

D.insured

参考答案：A

tempt和attract同义：吸引；call：给某人打电话；imply：暗示；inspire：

鼓舞。

第14题：

Thesisters<u>cannottolerate</u>eachother.

A.bear

4

B.hate

C.like

D.criticize

参考答案：A

tolerate和bear都表示“宽容、容忍”；hate：厌恶、憎恨；like：喜欢；criticize：

批评。

第15题：

Theeconomicreforminthatcountryhasbeen<u>accelerated</u>.

A.speededup

B.putoff

C.sloweddown

D.stopped

参考答案：A

accelerate和speedup都表示"加速"；putoff：推迟、延期;slowdown：

减速、慢下来；stop：停止、阻止。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland

AmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28

April,2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfrom

theirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.

Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.

〃Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fair

ride,z，saidthewoman.

TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruck

at8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,about8.5miles

southofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.

Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsed

acrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to

15seconds.

〃Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrom

bednexttome,〃saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60miles

southeastofLondon.〃Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwas

gettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmy

bedhoppingupanddown.z，

5

Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundthe

worldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthe

strongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthe

centralEnglandcityofBirmingham.

Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSea

in1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurvey

scientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28Aprilinanarea

thathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,

includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.

Mussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanother

earthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbe

scaredtoomushbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquake

warningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquake

andannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtime

forpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.

第16题：

DuringtheApril28earthquake,wholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

答案相关句（画线句）没有提到停电的情况，但接下来的句子继续提到地震造成的

危害：“电力中断，几千名居民无电可用”，由此问题句没有提供正确信息。

第17题：

TheChannelTunnelwasclosedfor10hoursaftertheearthquakeoccurred.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

该句中根本没有出现与时间相关的词语，因此判断问题句的内容在文章中没有出

现。

第18题：

Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjured,butnot

seriously.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

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参考答案：A

问题句的内容与第1段第3句的内容相符，因此问题句提供了正确信息。

第19题：

FranceandseveralotherEuropeancountriessenttheirmedicalteamsto

worksidebysidewiththeBritishdoctors.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

在文章中查找答案相关句，结果发现Europeancountries及其相关词.Europe

根本没有在文章中出现，因此判断问题句提供的信息在文章中没有被提到。

第20题：

Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

答案相关句说“英国遭受了几次最大地震，其中包括1580年发生的地震”，而

该段段首句已经明确指出“英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海”，因此问

题句提供了错误信息。

第21题：

MussonpredictedthatanotherearthquakewouldoccurinsoutheastEngland

soonerorlater.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

最后一段Massonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanother

earthquakestruckthispartofEngland."Masson预言另一次地震将袭击

英格兰东南部，至于地震什么时候发生只是个时间问题”。显然该句内容与问题

句的内容一致。

第22题：

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglandisrarelyhitbyhigh

7

magnitudeearthquakes.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

利用问题句中的细节信息词（highmagnitudeearthquakes/高震级的地震）作为

答案线索，在文章第6段中查找答案相关句。该段说“4月28号发生的那场地

震是从2002年以来震级最强的地震了，全球每年发生强度为中等的地震有几千

次，但是这种中等强度的地震英格兰很少发生。”据此可以容易地推断出，高震

级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

WhatisHappiness?

1.Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfree

lifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattaining

realhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmust

beequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue,moreoften

thannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

2.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethe

sourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuch

thingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,

religiouscommitment,self-improvement.

3.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefinds

datingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyou

thatheisafraidofmakingacommitment（应承担的义务）.Forcommitment

isinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,

andexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmost

distinguishingfeatures.

4.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenights

sleeporthree-dayvacation.Idontknowparentwhowouldchoosetheword

funtodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohave

childrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplaying

withagrandchild.

5.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothing

todowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberates

time:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinely

increaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthose

fancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseems

8

pointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthose

whoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

23-26的选项

A.Thereasonofmarriage

B.Painandhappiness

C.Kindsofliberatingrealizations

D.Joysofraisingachild

E.Feartotruehappiness

F.Seekinghappiness

27-30的选项

A.goeshandinhand

B.hisreluctancetotakeonresponsibilities

C.hatred

D.misunderstanding

E.arewardingtask

F.amoralduty

第23题:

Paragraph1.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

这段谈到幸福和痛苦的关系以及人们的观点。

第24题：

Paragraph2.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第1句即是中心句。

第25题：

Paragraph4.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

这一段是举例说明抚养孩子的乐趣。

第26题：

9

Paragraph5.

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

这一段讲的是理解了真正的幸福与乐趣并无多大关系后几种心态的解放。

第27题:

Raisingchildrenis.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第4段这个例子就是说明抚养孩子的艰辛以及乐趣，是一件有回报的事情。

第28题：

Thebachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecauseof.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第3段中提到真正的原因是他害怕承诺。

第29题:

Envysometimesstemfrom.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

最后一段提到一旦理解之后，就可以不会再妒忌别人，那么可推断妒忌有时

来自误解。

第30题:

Happinessoftenwithpain.

参考答案：

A

详细解答:

10

整个文章都在说明幸福和痛苦是不可分割的。

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4

个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4

个选项中选择1最佳答案。

PreventingChildMaltreatment

Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-long

consequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalence

ofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountriesespecially

low—and-middle—incomecountries,arelacking.

Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Current

estimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearch

used.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%

ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While

25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,many

childrenaresubjecttoemotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas

psychologicalabuse).

Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsin

childrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentofthe

problem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatment

areincorrectlyattributedtofalls,bumsanddrowning.

Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesand

canhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatis

associatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscan

impairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,

asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioral,

physicalandmentalhealthproblem.Viathebehavioralandmentalhealth

consequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,

suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.

Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereis

aneconomicimpact,includingcostofhospitalization,mentalhealth

treatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcost.

Anumberofriskfactorforchildmaltreatmenthavebeen

identified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandcultural

contexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecauses

ofchildmaltreatment.

Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsand

arenevertoblameformaltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofan

individualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,such

asbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,

orfailingtofulfilltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneed,

cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures

第31题：

Thedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatment

11

isduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

A.childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem

B.thereisnoexactdataaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries

C.thereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatacollectors

D.differentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods

参考答案：C

文中第一段提到了虐待儿童是全球问题，无法获得中低收入国家中儿童受虐数字

资料，第二段开头提到了儿童受虐数字难以统计的另外一个原因，即研究方法的

差异性，只有专业统计人员是否缺乏没有提及，因此答案为C。

第32题：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.

B.25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.

C.25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.

D.60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.

参考答案：B

文中第二段对数字有明确说明。

第33题:

Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedinto

thefollowingtypesEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

A.drowninginswimming

B.diarrhea

C.bums

D.falls

参考答案：B

文中第三段指出每年15岁以下儿童死亡大概在31,000人，该数字大大低估了

实际情况，是因为有相当多的由于受虐而导致死亡的儿童被归因为摔死、烧死、

淹死。没有明确指出腹泻，因此可推断出该题答案为B。

第34题：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychild

maltreatment?

A.Thechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhe

growsup.

B.Childmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.

C.Childmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.

12

D.Thechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.

参考答案：A

文中提到虐待儿童会导致其出现身体上的疾病，包括神经系统、免疫系统、大脑

发育以及成年后出现的疾病，但那没有提到是否会对其记忆力产生影响，因此答

案为A。

第35题：

Themaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristics

EXCEPT.

A.theyfrequentlyandeasilycry

B.theyareininfant'sorinadolescentperiod

C.theyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends

D.theyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents

参考答案：D

Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskfor

behavioral,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehavioraland

mentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,

cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.因止匕，那些曾被虐

待的儿童，到了成人期，在行为、生理以及心理等方面出现疾病的危险性大大增

加。通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待又会导致其出现心脏病、癌症、自杀

以及性传播疾病等。

BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistance

Theabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheaction

ofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasingly

recognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedeveloped

mechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormally

usedfortheirtreatment(multi-drugresistantbacteria),sopose

particulardifficulties,astheremaybefewornoalternativeoptions

fortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.

WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospital

infectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistant

strainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibiotics,

reducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria〜

AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August

2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighly

resistanttoalmostallantibiotics.Thearticle"hasdrawnattentionto

theissueofAMR(antimicrobialresistance)and,inparticular,hasraised

awarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.

Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinue

13

toappear,thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudyto

understandtheextentandmodesoftransmission,andtodefinethemost

effectivemeasuresforcontrol.

Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobial

resistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumers,managersof

hospitals,patients,aswellasnationalgovernments,thepharmaceutical

industry,andinternationalagencies.

WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontroland

preventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillancefor

antimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuse,including,education

ofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;

introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingof

antibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfection

preventionandcontrolmeasures,includingtheuseofhand-washing

measures,particularlyinhealthcarefacilities.

Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshas

beendocumentedinmanycountries,andtheexistingandwell-known

infectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreduce

transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematically

implemented.

WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevant

policies,andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobial

resistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO'sWorld

HealthDay2011.

第36题：

Whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest?

A.Themisuseoftheantibioticshascausedstrongerbacteria

resistanceandnonewdrugsagainstthebacteriaareavailableatpresent.

B.Themicro-organismsdevelopmuchfasterthanthepast,sothe

researchersaremoreinterested.

C.Theantibioticsformulti-drugresistantbacteriaarehighlypriced

andtherewillbeabigmarketforthedrugindustry.

D.Theantibioticshasbeenfoundmorepowerfulforthetreatmentof

themulti-drugresistantbacteria.

参考答案：A

文中第一段指出，有些致病菌对现有的抗生素产生了一定的耐药性，而目前有效

的替代药物还没有出现，这是一个棘手的问题引起了全球关注，因此答案为A。

第37题：

WhichofthefollowingistrueofthearticlepublishedinTheLancet

InfectiousDiseases?

A.TheissueofAMRledthescientiststobealerttothenewhuman

14

gene.

B.Anewdrugwillbesoonavailableforanymulti-drugresistant

bacteria.

C.Anewstrainhasbeenfoundtobehighlyresistanttoalmostall

antibiotics.

D.AMRarousedtheawarenessofthescientiststotheinfectionscaused

bytheantibiotics.

参考答案：C

文中第二段说明，杂志中提到发现了一种几乎对所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的

细菌，这一发现引起了世人对AMR,尤其是对耐药菌感染的关注，因此答案为C。

第38题：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassagetotakecautious

andproperactionabouttheAMR?

A.Thosewhouseantibiotics.

B.Thosewhosellantibiotics.

C.Thosewhoproduceantibiotics.

D.Thosewhostudyinuniversities.

参考答案：D

文中提到应对AMR特别关注的人群包括：消费者、医院管理人员、病人、政府、

药品生产企业以及一些国际机构，文中没有提到大学机构。因此答案为D。

第39题：

AllthefollowingrecommendationstothegovernmentsfromWHOistrue

EXCEPT______.

A.educationtotheusersofantibiotics.

B.controlonuseofantibioticsinhealthfacilities.

C.introductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.

D.limitonthehospitalstostoremoreantibioticdrugsthantheycan

use.

参考答案：D

WHO提出的建议包括：对AMR进行监管，合理使用抗生素，教育公众及医务人员

要正确使用抗生素，立法限制非处方购买抗生素以及对感染采用预防和控制措

施，没有提到限制医院储备抗生素，因此答案为D。

第40题：

Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A.WHOcanonlyrecommendthegovernmentstocontrolandpreventthe

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transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganisms.

B.Evenwiththenewstrainsagainsttheexistingantibiotics,the

transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsisstillundercontrol.

C.WithoutthesupportfromWHO,nocountrycanbesafeinthewar

againstthetransmissionofmultidrugresistantorganisms.

D.WHOwillsparenoeffortinantimicrobialresistancein2010and

willsetaspecialdayforitin2011.

参考答案：B

虽然目前还没有发现更有效的新抗生素，但文中提到在许多国家对耐药性微生物

的控制取得了很大成功，而且目前的预防手段仍然能够有效减少耐药微生物的传

播，因此答案为B。

SpoiltforChoice

Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Indailylife,people

havecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredto

makedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain,thesearejustirksome

momentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduring

lunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhich

coffeeshoptogoto.

Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhave

seriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingisthen

eitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyof

professionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,

waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmany

peopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,not

aright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomake

choices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesand

advertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.

Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople'slivesisanxiety.

Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easy

accesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,

evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalking

awayorjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinorder

tosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnited

Kingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsbought

perhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholders

ofthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.

Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthe

speedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advances

indesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetime

thatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespan

sothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.

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Theclassicexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyare

bought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimited

numberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnot

onlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.This

makesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwith

easeintoashopandbuyonething:nochoice,noanxiety.

Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthe

greatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceabout

wheretheywanttoliveandworkafairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,

nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,

adventure,andmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossed

continentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleis

nothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowed

thisprocessdown,butwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhich

migrationishappening:

第41题：

Whatisthedifference