【培优冲刺专练01】名词的数与词形转化（解析版）【查缺补漏】

PartA1.（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）The8(object)remainstableevenwhencoveredbythingsintheforeground（2024·河北沧州·一模）Thelaunchsuccessfullydeliveredthreecommercialsatellitesintothe13planned(plan)orbitabout460kilometersabovetheEarth,furtherhighlightingthe14(mature)andstabilityoftheZQ-2carrierrocket3.（2024·北京东城·一模）Agrowingnumberof24(educate)saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”（2024·河北·模拟预测）“Withthe28(cooperate)andassistancefromgroundcontrollersandthespacestation’sroboticarm,theteamcompletedalltheirassignedtaskssuccessfully（2024·河北沧州·模拟预测）ImagesanddatafromtheGaofensatelliteshavebeenwidelyusedatthousandsofresearchbodiesandenterprisesindozensof41(industry)acrossChina．6.（2024·全国·模拟预测）Asa51(prove)ofconcept,theoreticalphysicistWolfgangFink’steambuilttheirfirst“breadcrumb”sensorscommunicatingviaWi-Fi.7.（2024·河南·一模）Afterthe60(complete)oftheTianwenⅠmission,ChinawillalsoplananumberofTianwenseriesofplanetaryexplorationmissionstoexplorethevastnessofspace.（2024·新疆·一模）Theconfinement(封闭)inasmallspacecraftcandamagetheirmentalhealth.68(emergency)challengetheirknowledgeandability.9（2024·广东·模拟预测）Therockethasa81(high)of53.1meters,acore-stagediameterof3.35meters,andaliftoffweightof597metrictons.10.（2024·安徽·三模）LanTingXu(TheOrchidPavilionPreface),isoneofthemostcelebrated91(masterpiece)ofChinesecalligraphy11.（2024·安徽滁州·二模）ShesaidthatreadingisashortcuttolearningEnglishinaforeignlanguageenvironment,asqualityreadingmaterialsintroducechildrentogenuinedialoguetheycanreproduceinreal-life101(conversation).12（2024·安徽滁州·二模）Chen99(suggest)thatchildrenmakeuseofdialoguesthatmeetactualdailyneedsandread100(grade)materialsorpicturebooksthatmatchtheircognitive(认知)levelandinterestandwhichareofpracticaluse.（2024·河北张家口·模拟预测）Atfirst,Boninowashesitantaboutthetripbecauseshehadanextremely109(limit)understandingofChina.14.（2024·湖南·一模）Interesting,meaningfulandfeaturedactivitiesare121(special)designedfromthemomentyousteppedintothemuseumtothetimeyouleave.15.（2024·江苏·模拟预测）KnownasTianshuiMalatang,which129(literal)meansspicyandhot,thelocaldishispopularforitslargeportionofskeweredmeat16.（2024·上海普陀·二模）Itisbelievedthatbyarrangingthings158(appropriate),onecanharmonizetheenergiesofthenaturalworld17.(2024·辽宁·模拟预测）MountTai,isarepresentativeofChinesemountainswith165(impress)viewsandbeautifulnaturalscenery18.（2024·湖北·三模）Sofar,ShoushanStone,283(official)named“ChinaNationalStone”,becomingasymbolofelegance,dignityandwisdom,whichisworthyofcollection.19.（2024·河北沧州·模拟预测）theGaofen12DwascarriedbyaLongMarch4Crocketthatliftedoffat1:45amattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterand36(success)arrivedinitsorbit.20.（2024·全国·模拟预测）Inaclassictale,HanselandGreteldroppedbreadcrumbs(面包屑)whilewalkingthrougha45(risk)forestsothattheywouldn’tlosetheirway.PartBPassage1（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itisabeautifuldrone(无人机)shot,1popularkindofvideoyoumightseeinatravelvideo.However,thereisnodrone2camera,andyouneedn’ttravelinpersonbecausethevideowasgeneratedbyAI,whichisfromanewtoolprogrammedbyOpenAIcalledSora.It’snotperfect,butit’salargestepupfromwhatwe’veseenbefore.Whatmostpeopledon’tknowis3Soracandomorethanjustcreatevideosfromscratch.Itcancombineseparatevideosintoonescene.Anditsvideoscanbeup4aminutelongandin1080presolution.5(compare)withRunwayML,thedifferencewithSoraisthatit’scoherent.Previoussystemhavea6(character)morphing(图像渐变)qualityasthevideo7(progress).WithSora,that’svastlyreducedorgonealtogether.The8(object)remainstableevenwhencoveredbythingsintheforeground.We’veseensomethingsimilartothisinresearchsince2019,butwhatisnewistheability9(combine)twovideostogetherinonescene.Itcanalsomakeupdifferentcameraanglesofasinglescenewithjustoneprompt.Sora,likedigitalaudioworkstation10(envelop)recordingstudiosseveralyearsago,mustbeatrendsoon.Passage2（2024·河北沧州·一模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheZQ-2Y3rocket,developedbyChineseprivately-ownedaerospacecompanyLandSpace,11(launch)intospaceonSeptember9th,2023fromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter,takingthreesatellitesintoorbit.ItisthesecondsuccessfulflightforthecompanywiththeZQ-2seriesrocket,the12(late)exampleofChineseprivately-ownedaerospacecompaniessendingsatellitesintoorbit.Thelaunchsuccessfullydeliveredthreecommercialsatellitesintothe13(plan)orbitabout460kilometersabovetheEarth,furtherhighlightingthe14(mature)andstabilityoftheZQ-2carrierrocket,andalso15(mark)astepforwardforthecompanyandChina’scommercialaerospaceindustry.TheZQ-2Y3has16totallengthof49.5meters,whichiscapableofplacinga1.5-tonpayloadintoatypicalsun-synchronousorbitatabout500kilometersabovetheEarth.Futuremodelscouldultimatelyincreasethepayloadtofourtons,17canfacilitatethedeployment(部署)oflowearthorbitsatellitesandcargospacecraft.NowChinaishome18world-classenterprisesinthefieldsofrawmaterials,electronicinformation,andequipmentrequiredforrocketmanufacturing(制造).19(obvious),therapiddevelopmentofChina’scommercialaerospacecompaniesandthedomesticallydevelopedrocketswithcostadvantages20(benefit)China’sInternetconstellation(互联网星座)constructionplangreatlyinthefuture.Passage3（2024·北京东城·一模）语法填空ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools21(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout22it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa23(cheat)tool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof24(educate)saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”Passage4（2024·河北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheShenzhouXVIIcrewconductedtheirsecondspacewalkoutsidetheTiangongspacestationonSaturday,25(complete)thefirstrepairoperationbyChineseastronauts,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.TheagencysaidthatmissioncommanderTangHongboandcrewmemberJiangXinlin26(return)totheWentiansciencemodule(舱)at1:32pmafterfloatingfornearlyeighthoursoutsidethehugeorbitalstation.The27(three)crewmemberTangShengjie,stayedinsideTiangongtoprovidesupport.“Withthe28(cooperate)andassistancefromgroundcontrollersandthespacestation’sroboticarm,theteamcompletedalltheirassignedtasks29(successful),”theagencysaid.Itwasthe15thspacewalk30(carry)outbyChineseastronauts.Duringthespacewalk,TangHongboandJiangXinlinrepaireddamagetopartsontheTianhecoremodule’ssolarwingsthatwascausedbytinyspacedebris(碎片).TheShenzhouXVIIastronauts,31arethesixthcrewtoinhabittheTiangongspacestation,arrivedattheenormousflyingoutpostonOct.26,2023totakeoverfromtheirpeers(同行)intheShenzhouXVImission.OnDec.21,thecrewperformedtheirfirstspacewalk32finishedahostoftasksincludingcarryingouttestrepairs,too.Theyarescheduled33(wrap)uptheirspaceflightattheendofAprilandwillhandovertheTiangongspacestation34theShenzhouXVIIIcrewbeforereturningtoEarth.Passage5（2024·河北沧州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinalaunchedaremote-sensingsatelliteforEarthobservation,accordingtoChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation,35saidinanewsreleasethattheGaofen12DwascarriedbyaLongMarch4Crocketthatliftedoffat1:45amattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterand36(success)arrivedinitsorbit.Remote-sensingsatellitesrefertothose37(task)withobserving,surveyingandmeasuringobjectsonlandoratseaaswellasmonitoringweather.DevelopedbytheShanghaiAcademyofSpaceflightTechnology,theGaofen12D38(equip)withmicrowavepayloadsanditsdatawillbeusedinlandmapping,urbanplanning,agriculturalyieldforecasting,anddisasterprevention.ChinalaunchedtheGaofenprograminMay2010andlistedit39oneofthe16nationalimportantprojectsinscienceandtechnology.Bynow,theprogramhasestablishedamassivespace-basedsystemwithmorethan30satellitesin40(act)service.ImagesanddatafromtheGaofensatelliteshavebeenwidelyusedatthousandsofresearchbodiesandenterprisesindozensof41(industry)acrossChinaandhavehelpedreducethecountry's42(depend)onforeignremote-sensingproducts.TheLongMarch4Crocket,also43productoftheShanghai-basedacademy,hasaliftoffweightof250metrictons,andismainlyusedtosendsatellitestosun-synchronousorbit.Itiscapableof44(transport)satelliteswithacombinedweightof3metrictonstoatypicalsun-synchronousorbit700kilometersabovetheEarth.Passage6（2024·全国·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inaclassictale,HanselandGreteldroppedbreadcrumbs(面包屑)whilewalkingthrougha45(risk)forestsothattheywouldn’tlosetheirway.Drawinginspirationfromthis,scientistsbelieverovers(探测器)mayonedayuseasimilartricktomoveacrossotherplanets46losingtheirdata.Typically,alltheinformationarover47(gather)beforewillbelostifitpermanentlylosescommunicationduringamission.48(avoid)this,scientistssuggestusingamulti-roversysteminwhicha“sonrover”isconnectedtoa“motherrover”.Thesonroverwouldthengointoanyespeciallyuncertainarea,suchasacave,49(move)ontospreadsensorsthesizeofbreadcrumbsalongtheway,whichcouldthencommunicate50(direct)witheachotherthroughawirelessnetworkandchannelanycollecteddatabacktothemotherrover.Asa51(prove)ofconcept,theoreticalphysicistWolfgangFink’steambuilttheirfirst“breadcrumb”sensorscommunicatingviaWi-Fi.Thisisjustoneofthemostimpressiveapplications52cometoyourknowledgeintermsofthebreadcrumbstrategy.ItcanalsobeusefulhereonEarthbecausearovercan53(send)withthe“breadcrumb”sensorstodisaster-strickenareasandtransfer(传送)theinformationtopeople,nomatter54dangerousitis.Passage7（2024·河南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahassetupits55(one)deepspaceexplorationlaboratorywiththepurposeofcarryingoutdeepspaceexplorationaswellascutting-edgetechnologyresearchinthefieldofspaceflight.Thelaboratory,56(locate)inAnhuiprovince,isanewtypeofscienceandtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentinstitutionthatrealizestheintegrationofscience,technologyandengineering.Thelaboratoryis57(support)deepspaceexplorationandcarryoutfrontier,58(base)andstrategicresearchinthefield.Itwillalsoundertakeresearchanddemonstration.Thelaboratoryisanopenplatform59internationaltalentscancometowork.Afterthe60(complete)oftheTianwenⅠmission,ChinawillalsoplananumberofTianwenseriesofplanetaryexplorationmissionstoexplorethevastnessofspace.61willbetheTianwenⅡ,TianwenⅢ,TianwenⅣ,etc.Themaintaskofthefollow-upistoexploretheasteroids(小行星)indeepspace.Theasteroidsamples62(collect)back.Afterthat,ChinawillbepreparedtoexploreJupiterandotherplanetsinthesolarsystem,63(hope)tocompletetheexplorationof100astronomicalunitsin2049,toreach15billionkilometersfromEarth,oreven64theedgeofthesolarsystem.（2024·新疆·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Theyearof2023marksthe20thanniversaryofChina’sfirstmannedspacemission,withYangLiwei65(become)thefirstChineseastronauttogotospacein2003.Sincethen,another19astronauts66(reach)forthestars.Expertsrevealedhowtoughthetrainingisbeforeastronautssoaring(高飞)tospace.Thehumanbodyisnotdesignedforspacelife.Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallenges.Thechangesingravitycanhaveanimpact67theirbodies.Theconfinement(封闭)inasmallspacecraftcandamagetheirmentalhealth.68(emergency)challengetheirknowledgeandability.Soastronautshavetomeet69(extreme)highstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.TomakesureastronautscompletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,eighttypes,includingover200subjectsoftraining,wereset.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsocontains70(base)scientifictheories,psychologicalhealth,andmock(模拟)missions.71makesthetrainingthemosttiringisunderwatertraining.Thistrainingisdesignedforastronauts72(adapt)tothemicrogravityenvironment.Astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursat73time.Waterresistanceandtheheavysuitmakeastronauts74(exhaust).Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechancetogotospace.Passage9（2024·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheTianzhou7roboticcargoshipisscheduled75(launch)inthecomingdays,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.ALongMarch7carrierrocket,taskedwithliftingtheTianzhou7,hasbeenmovedtoitslaunchservicetowerattheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanprovince.Tianzhou7willbecomethe76(twelve)spaceshiptovisittheChinesespacestation.Itwilldeliverpropellants(推进剂),sciencepayloadsandnecessitiesfortheShenzhouXVIIastronauts,77havebeeninorbitfor81days.PangZhihao,anexpertonspaceexplorationtechnologysaidthattheTianzhou778(expect)totransportlivingnecessitiesandworkmaterials79theTiangongtosupporttheShenzhouXVIIandXVIIImissioncrews.TheLongMarch7modelisaliquid-fueledrocket80(develop)bytheChinaAcademyofLaunchVehicleTechnology.Therockethasa81(high)of53.1meters,acore-stagediameterof3.35meters,andaliftoffweightof597metrictons.Withsix120-ton-thrustengines,thelaunchvehiclecansend13.5tonsofpayloadtoalow-Earthorbit825.5tonstoasun-synchronousorbit.83(orbit)Earthatabout400kilometersabovetheground,Tiangonghasthreepermanentparts—acoremoduleandtwosciencecapsules—andis84(regular)connectedtoseveralvisitingcrewandcargospaceships.Passage10（2024·安徽·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesecalligraphyisanartisticpracticeofwritingChinesecharacters,oftenwithabrushandinkonxuanpaper.TheevolutionofChinesecalligraphy85(begin)alongsidetheearliestChinesecharactersdiscoveredtodate.Overtime,calligraphygraduallytookshapeasaformofartratherthan86meremeansofrecord.Thefivemajorstylesofscript,running,cursive(草书),official,seal(篆书)andregular,werebornfromsuchcalligraphy.Calligraphyisademandingand87(advance)art.Thetypeofbrush,quantityofinkandqualityofpapercanallaltertheoutput.Frombrushdirectiontospeedofwriting,everytwistandturnofthewrist88(calculate).Structureofindividualcharactersandspatiallayoutasawholedetermineitsquality.Moreover,itissaidthattheemotionsandphilosophyofthewriterare89(direct)reflectedoncalligraphy.Calligraphyisrefinedart.LanTingXu(TheOrchidPavilionPreface),90wascreatedbyWangXizhiduringtheEasternJinDynasty(317-420),isoneofthemostcelebrated91(masterpiece)ofChinesecalligraphy.ItseleganceandexpressivebrushworkmakeitsignificantinChineseliterature.However,calligraphyisalso92reach,likethespringfestivalcoupletsonthedoorsoffolks,93(represent)aesthetic(审美的)appreciationfortheChinese.WherethereisChineselanguage,thereisChinesecalligraphy,94wherethereiscalligraphy,thereisbeauty.Theartistryisstillhighlyvaluedtoday,foritismorethanjustwriting,itislivingheritage.Passage11（2024·安徽滁州·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Languageisnaturallyacquiredwhenchildrenareabletouseitpleasurably,andlanguageacquisitionbychildren95(them)savesbothtimeandlabor,saidEnglish-languageeducationexpertChenYaping.Based96observationandstudy,theprofessorattheSchoolofEnglishandInternationalStudiesatBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityanddirectorofitsChildLanguageResearchCentre,saidChinesechildren97(common)lackaccesstogenuineEnglishdialoguesforlearningandusing98language.Chen99(suggest)thatchildrenmakeuseofdialoguesthatmeetactualdailyneedsandread100(grade)materialsorpicturebooksthatmatchtheircognitive(认知)levelandinterestandwhichareofpracticaluse.ShesaidthatreadingisashortcuttolearningEnglishinaforeignlanguageenvironment,asqualityreadingmaterialsintroducechildrentogenuinedialoguetheycanreproduceinreal-life101(conversation).“Childrenreadbecausetheylovetoread,notbecausetheyaretoldthatreadingisimportantforlearningEnglish.Weshouldallowthem102(give)upreadingabookhalfwaythroughandpickupanotherone103theyaremoreinterestedin,”saidChen.Sheaddedthatrelievinganxiety,makingchildrenfeelsafe,andallowingthemtoexperienceasenseof104(achieve)arevitaltolearningEnglish.Passage12（2024·河北张家口·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2017,whenBoninowasworkingforaSpanishe-commercecompanydoingbusinessinChile,shereceivedaninvitationfromChina105(participate)inaforum(论坛)abouttheBeltandRoadInitiative.In2013,Chinaproposedthisinitiativetoimprove106(connect)betweenthecountriesalongandbeyondtheancientSilkRoadroutes.By2023,22SouthAmericancountries,includingChile,107(join)theinitiative.Atfirst,Boninowashesitantabout108tripbecauseshehadanextremely109(limit)understandingofChina.HerreferencestothecountrywereonlytheChinatownsinafewcitiesaroundtheworld.Shesaid,“ButthenIfiguredthismightbealittledifferentfromwhatIknow.Andso,110theend,Iacceptedtheinvitation.”InJune2017,BoninovisitedChinaforthreeweeks,andfound111(her)pleasantlysurprised.Sherecalled,“IwascrazyaboutChina.Itfascinatedme.”Shewassoimpressed112shefoundawaytoreturnthatsameyearandeventuallygotamaster’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationinBeijing.After113(complete)hergraduatestudies,sheworkedinChinaforawhileanddiscoveredafewnew114(opportunity),allinall,livinginthecountryfrom2017to2019.Today,BoninomanagesLosAndesBeltroadfromChile,intheexportofcherriesandplumsfromtheAndesMountainstotheChinesemarket.Passage13（2024·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sichuancuisine,oneoftheeightmajorcuisinesinChina,isnowpopularallovertheworld.InFebruary2010,Chengdu115(award)thehonorarytitleof“CityofGastronomy”(美食之都)byUNESCO.ToexperiencecomprehensiveSichuancuisineculture,youshoulddefinitelyvisitSichuanCuisineMuseum(alsoChuancaisMuseum),thefirstmuseum116(display)aregionalcookingcultureintheworld.117(cover)anareaofmorethan40mu,themuseumforms118uniqueculturallandscapeofancientKingdomofShuinChinesehistory.InthisAAAnationalmuseum,youcanappreciatemorethan6,000piecesofantiqueandculturalrelicsrelatedtoSichuancuisineculture,aswellas119(catch)aglimpseofnewstyleclassicgardensceneryandtraditionalwesternSichuanstylefolkhouses.SichuanCuisineMuseumistheonly“EATABLEMUSEUM”,120youcannotonlylearnSichuancuisineculturebyusingeyesandears,butalsoenjoyitbyusingmouthandnose.Interesting,meaningfulandfeaturedactivitiesare121(special)designedfromthemomentyousteppedintothemuseumtothetimeyouleave.ThehighlightedexperienceforyourvisitshouldbecookingthetypicalSichuandishes122theguidanceoftheprofessionalchef.Thereisarguablynobetterwaytoknowmoreaboutacuisine123learninghowtocookityourself.Startyour124(explore)fromSichuanCuisineMuseum,enjoydifferentaspectsofSichuancuisine,satisfyyourcuriosityandtastebudsandexperienceallfunfor“PlayingwithChuancais”.Passage14（2024·江苏·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Followingthebarbecue-inducedtravelcrazetothecityofZiboinEastChina,Chinesesocialmediahasonceagainhighlightedthenextinternet-famouscityworthyof125(explore).Thistimeit’sTianshui,alow-keycityinChina’sGansuprovincethat126(take)thespotlightrecently.Ithasattractedconsiderableattention127foodenthusiastsandsocialmediainfluencersonline,128(celebrate)thecity’siconicdishofhotpot.KnownasTianshuiMalatang,which129(literal)meansspicyandhot,thelocaldishispopularforitslargeportionofskeweredmeat,vegetables,130hand-madepotatonoodlesinapotofboilingbroth(肉汤).Twofoodbloggers,withover3million