黑龙江省八校2025届高三英语上学期摸底试题含解析

PAGEPAGE27黑龙江省八校2025届高三英语上学期摸底试题（含解析）留意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thereisalotofschoolworktodo.B.It'stooearlytopickupthekids.C.Helikestheearlydrop-offtime.2.WhereisSuenow?A.AtBill'shome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inthehospital.3.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotonight?A.Stayathome.B.Gotothemovie.C.Attendameeting.4.Howmuchdoesitcostfortwopictures?A.$3.B.$5.C.$6.5.Whatistheman?A.Apostman.B.Asalesman.C.Apoliceman.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6.Whatisthewoman?A.Atravelagent.B.Areceptionist.C.Asecretary.7.WhenwillthemanleaveforLosAngeles?A.July12.B.July17.C.July27.8.Howmuchdoesaroundtripcost?A.$175.B.$700.C.$350.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.WhatdoesSharon'sfatherthinkimportant?A.Enjoyinglife.B.Livingoutdreams.C.Makingmoney.10.WhatdoesSharonwanttobe?A.Aflightattendant.B.Abusinesswoman.C.Abusinesslawyer.11.WhatmakesSharonunhappy?A.Schooleducation.B.Parents'expectation.C.Futureemployment.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12.WhatdidNeilwatchonTVlastweekend?A.Murdersontrains.B.Viewsfromatrainride.C.Citiesconnectedbytrains.13.Howlongwastheprogram?A.Twohours.B.Fivehours.C.Sevenhours.14.WhatdoesNeilthinkoftheprogram?A.Relaxing.B.Dull.C.Stressful.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.WhyisthebookcalledLearningaLanguageoverEggsandToast?A.Itteachesdiningmanners.B.Itsuggestslearningregularly.C.Itcallsforabalanceddiet.16.WhydoesthewomanconsiderDr.Adams'ideasalittlesimple?A.Sheneverlearnsalanguageoverbreakfast.B.Shefeelsitdifficulttomasteralanguage.C.SheisanadvancedlearnerinSpanish.17.AccordingtoDr.Adams,whatshouldbethegoalforlearnerslearninganewlanguage?A.Tocommunicatewithotherspeakers.B.Toacquiretheabilitytouseit.C.Tohavenativefluency.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhyisvolunteeringsocommoninAmerica?A.Itisrequiredbythegovernment.B.Itispartofpeople'slife.C.Itisgoodforfuturejobs.19.Whatdohighschoolstudentsusuallydoforsickchildren?A.Bringthemmeals.B.Raisemoney.C.Helpthemstudy.20.Howdoschoolsandcommunitygroupsrespondtoadisaster?A.Byprovidingvictimswithreliefsupplies.B.Bysendingvolunteerstodisasterstrickenareas.C.Byorganizingvictimstohelpthemselves.其次部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AFourBookstoresWorthVisitingAroundtheWorld◆WordontheWaterLondon,EnglandThisfloatingbookstoreintheRegent'sCanalisknownas"TheLondonBookbarge".Formerlymobile,ithasnowfoundapermanenthomewherevisitorscanbrowseallyearround,warmthemselvesupbyawood-burningfireinthewinterandenjoytheperformancesofmusicandpoetryontherooftopstageinthesummer.+447976886982,s://atlasobscura◆ELAteneoGrandSplendidBuenosAires,ArgentinaThistheater-turned-cinema-turned-bookstoreisanexampleoftheconnectionbetweentheperformingartsandbooks.Itpreservesthetraditionalceilingandspecialcurtainsoftheformertheaterandbookslinethewalls,includingwheretheaudienceoncesatinboxseats.+541148136052,s://atlasobscura◆KayCraddockAntiquarianBooksellerMelbourne,AustraliaThisshopsellsonlyantiqueandsecond-handbooks.Visitorscansearchforthestrangecollectionofowlfigurines(猫头鹰雕像)scatteredthroughoutortheycancheckouttheshelvestofindclassics，suchasacollectionbyJaneAustenprintedin1833sellingfor＄15,000.+61(0)396548506,s://kaycraddock◆ZhongshugeBookstoreHangzhou,ChinaEachlocationofthisChinesebookstorechainisarchitecturallyunique,butthelocationinHangzhoustandsout.Stairsandseatsbuiltintoroundbookshelvescombinedwithmirroredceilingsgivetheopticalillusion(视觉幻象)ofcountlessbooks.Otheropticalillusionsincludeatunnelofbooksandwhatappearstobealongrollercoasterofbooksinthechildren'sbookroom.+86057188003279s://weibo/676618991.Toappreciatepoetryshows,you'lldial___________.A.+541148136052 B.+447976886982C.+61(0)396548506 D.+860571880032792.Whichofthefollowingoncehaddifferentfunctions?A.WordontheWater. B.ZhongshugeBookstore.C.ELAteneoGrandSplendid. D.KayCraddockAntiquarianBookseller.3.WhatistheChinesebookstorementionedabovefamousfor?A.Itsspecialdesigns. B.Itsfloatinglocations.C.Itsperformingarts. D.Itssecond-handclassics.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四家值得一游的书店，简要地讲解并描述了它们的特点和联系方式。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。由题干关键词poetryshows可将答案定位到小标题WordontheWater下面。依据第一段中的“Formerlymobile,ithasnowfoundapermanenthomewherevisitorscanbrowseallyearround,warmthemselvesupbyawood-burningfireinthewinterandenjoytheperformancesofmusicandpoetryontherooftopstageinthesummer.”和“+447976886982,s://atlasobscura”可知，在这家书店游客可以在这里一年四季阅读，冬天可以在烧柴的炉火旁取暖，夏天可以在屋顶舞台上观赏音乐和诗歌的表演，所以要观赏诗歌表演，可以拨打+447976886982。故选B项。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。由其次段中的句子“Thistheater-turned-cinema-turned-bookstoreisanexampleoftheconnectionbetweentheperformingartsandbooks.”可知，ELAteneoGrandSplendid这家书店曾经是剧院和电影院，最终才变成书店，它是把艺术表演和书籍联系起来的例子，表明ELAteneoGrandSplendid这家书店曾经拥有多种功能（剧院和电影院）。故选C项。【3题详解】推理推断题。由题干关键词Chinesebookstore可将答案定位在最终一个小标题ZhongshugeBookstore下。由最终一段中的句子“EachlocationofthisChinesebookstorechainisarchitecturallyunique,butthelocationinHangzhoustandsout.Stairsandseatsbuiltintoroundbookshelvescombinedwithmirroredceilingsgivetheopticalillusion(视觉幻象)ofcountlessbooks.”可知，这家中国连锁书店的每个位置在建筑上都是独一无二的，但杭州的这家书店在建筑上却很突出，因为圆形书架上的楼梯和座椅，再加上镜面天花板，给人一种不计其数的书的视觉错觉（视觉幻象），可以推断出这家中国书店因其特别的设计而著名。故选A项。BRegardedasoneoftheEnglishlanguage’smostgiftedpoets,JohnKeatswrotepoetrythatconcentratedonimagery,humannature,andphilosophy(哲学).AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation,hisownstudiesandpassionbroughthimmuchsuccess.Additionally,hisownlifesituationinfluencedhispoetrygreatly.GrowingupasayoungboyinLondoninalowermiddle-classfamily,theyoungJohndidn’tattendaprivateschool,butwenttoapublicone.Histeachersandhisfamily’sfriendsregardedhimasanoptimisticboywhofavoredplayingandfightingmuchmorethanmindinghisstudies.Afterhisfather’sdeathintheearly1800s,followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺结核),hebeganviewinglifedifferently.Hewantedtoescapetheworldanddidsobyreadinganythinghecouldgethishandson.Ataroundtheageof16,theteenageJohnKeatsbeganstudyingunderasurgeonsothathetoomightbecomeadoctor.However,hisliteraryappetitehadtakentoomuchofhisfancy,especiallywithhisaddictiontothepoetryofEhmundSpenser.HewasabletohavehisfirstfullpoempublishedintheExaminerin1816,entitledOSolitude!IfIMustWithTheeDwell.Withintwomonthsin1817,Keatshadwrittenanentirevolumeofpoetry,butwassharplycriticized(指责)byamagazine.However,thenegativeresponsedidn’tstophisloveofrhythm(韵律).JohnKeats’nextworkwasEndymion,whichwaspublishedinMay1818.Thestoryinvolvesashepherdwhofallsinlovewiththemoongoddessandleadshimonanadventureofoneboy’shopetoovercomethelimitationsofbeinghuman.FollowingEndymion,however,hetriedsomethingmorenarrative-based(叙事体的)andwroteIsabella.Duringthistime,JohnKeatsbeganseeinghislimitationsinpoetryduetohisownlimitinlifeexperiences.Hewouldhavetohavethe“knowledge”associatedwithhispoems.HisnextworkwasHyperionthatwouldattempttocombineallthathelearned.However,about(发作)withtuberculosiswhilevisitingItalywouldkeephimfromhisworkandeventuallytakehislifein1821.4.JohnKeats’attitudetowardslifechangedbecauseof.A.hisearlyeducationfromschool B.thedeathsofhisparentsC.EdmundSpenser’spoetry D.thecriticismofamagazine5.WhatisthecommonthingbetweenJohnKeatsandhismother?A.Theyreadmanybooks. B.Theyhadabadchildhood.C.Theydiedofthesamedisease. D.Theyshowedstronginterestinpoetry.6.Whiletryingtoachievehisdreamofbecomingapoetfirst,JohnKeatswas.A.determined B.experiencedC.knowledgeable D.impatient7.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Keatsreceivedlittleeducationatschool.B.Endymionwasaboutareallovestory.C.In1816Keatsspenttwomonthswritingapoem.D.Keatsoncehadachanceofbecomingadoctor.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】文章主要讲解并描述了约翰济慈在诗歌方面取得的成就。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段Afterhisfather’sdeathintheearly1800s,followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺结核),hebeganviewinglifedifferently.Hewantedtoescapetheworldanddidsobyreadinganythinghecouldgethishandson.可知他对待人生的看法发生转变是在他父母去世后。故选B。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺结核)可知他的母亲死于肺结核，再依据文章最终一句话However,about(发作)withtuberculosiswhilevisitingItalywouldkeephimfromhisworkandeventuallytakehislifein1821.可知他也死于肺结核。故选C。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第一段AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation,hisownstudiesandpassionbroughthimmuchsuccess.Additionally,hisownlifesituationinfluencedhispoetrygreatly.可知是他自己的学习和热忱使他在诗歌方面取得取得了巨大的胜利，再依据后几段的内容可知无论家庭遭受变故还是自己受到指责，thenegativeresponsedidn’tstophisloveofrhythm(韵律).所以可以得出他是意志力坚决的人。故选A。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第三段Ataroundtheageof16,theteenageJohnKeatsbeganstudyingunderasurgeonsothathetoomightbecomeadoctor.可知济慈曾经学过医。依据第一段AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation，可知他没有接受过正规的文学教化，但不是没上过学。所以A错误。依据最终一段JohnKeats’nextworkwasEndymion,whichwaspublishedinMay1818.Thestoryinvolvesashepherdwhofallsinlovewiththemoongoddessandleadshimonanadventureofoneboy’shopetoovercomethelimitationsofbeinghuman.可知Endymion不是真实的爱情故事。依据第三段可知1816年他发表了诗歌，1817年的两个月中不断受到指责，所以C错误，属于张冠李戴。故选D。CWhenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou’redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit.Butthosehardcoverbookscanbeheavy,andnewonesaren’tcheap,either.Sometimes,you’djustratherhaveaportablepaperback—butifit’sanewbookyou’reafter,youmighthavetowaitafullyearorsotogetitinpaperbackform.Whyarebooksreleasedashardcoversfirst?Notsolongago,hardcoverbooksweretheonlytypeofbooks.Beforetheappearanceofmassproduction,printrunswerelimited,andbookswerehard-boundandexpensive.Aroundthe1930s,thatchangedwiththeproductionofmass-producedpaperbackbooks,whichconsistedwithahugesurgeinreadingasaleisureactivityaroundWorldWarII.Paperbackbooksweremoreaffordableandcheapertoproduce,whichstillholdstruetoday.Despitetheseemingadvantagesofpaperbacks,thereareseveralreasonswhythehardcoverhaspersisted.Becauseofitshistory,itconveysabitmorelegitimacy(正统性)inthebookworldthanthepaperbackdoes.”Thehardbackisamarkofquality…itshowsbooksellersandreviewersthatthisisabookworthpayingattentionto,”PhilipJones,editorattheBookseller,explainstoTheGuardian.Butthemajorreasonwhybookscomeoutashardeoversisthatpeoplebuythem,despitetheirhighercost.TheEconomistcomparesittomoviesbeingreleasedintheatersseveralmonthsbeforetheyarriveonDVD.“Justasfilmfansliketoseefilmsonthebigscreen,collectorsenjoythehardback’ssuperiorquality,”accordingtoTheEconomist.Andbecausethey’reprofitable,publisherscangainmorefromhardcovers,which“willoftensellattwicethepriceoftheirpaperbackequivalentbutdonotcosttwiceasmuchtoproduce,”Jonesexplains.8.Whatcanwelearnabouthardcoverbooksfromparagraph1?A.Theyappealtorealbook-lovers. B.Theyareheavybutnotexpensive.C.Theytakealongtimetocomeout. D.Theyarenotpreferredbybook-lovers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inparagraph2mean?A.Drop. B.Success. C.Blow. D.Increase.10.Whyarehardbackbooksstillprintedtoday?A.Theyarebrilliantlyedited. B.Theyareworthcollecting.C.Theyconveycorrectinformation. D.Theysellbetterthanpaperbacks.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducehardcoverbooks. B.Topresentanewsocialfinding.C.Toexplainaconfusingproblem. D.Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。精装书比平装书更贵，但是为什么书籍首先以精装书的形式发行呢？文章主要就此现象说明白精装书和平装书演化的历史，以及如今仍印刷精装书的缘由。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中Whenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou’redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit.可知当你真的很喜爱一本书，或者刚刚得到一本你特别想读的新书时，拿起一本光滑、闪亮的精装书是一件令人兴奋的事情，当你打开它的时候，它会吱吱作响。由此可知，精装书吸引了真正的图书爱好者。故选A。【9题详解】词义揣测题。依据划线词上文Aroundthe1930s,thatchangedwiththeproductionofmass-producedpaperbackbooks以及后文inreadingasaleisureactivityaroundWorldWarII可知大约在20世纪30年头，随着大量生产的平装书的生产，加上在其次次世界大战前后，将阅读作为一种休闲活动的人数量增多了，所以都是精装书的状况发生了改变。由此可知，划线词意思为“增加”。A.Drop.落下；B.Success.胜利；C.Blow.吹；D.Increase.增加。故选D。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Justasfilmfansliketoseefilmsonthebigscreen,collectorsenjoythehardback’ssuperiorquality,”accordingtoTheEconomist.可知《经济学人》称：“就像影迷喜爱在大屏幕上看电影一样，保藏者也喜爱精装书的高品质。”由此可知，精装书到今日还在印刷，因为它们值得保藏。故选B。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句Whyarebooksreleasedashardcoversfirst?可知为什么书籍首先以精装书的形式发行？结合文章说明白精装书比平装书更贵，但是为什么书籍首先以精装书的形式发行呢？文章主要就此现象说明白精装书和平装书演化的历史，以及如今仍印刷精装书的缘由。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了说明一个令人困惑的问题。故选C。DNeverplaygameswithabot(robot)—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpthemwin.BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模拟的)environmentfilledwithfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickestwaytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemtoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateam-player-passingobjectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout-wasthequickestwaytowin.Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.ItshowsthatAIsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,saysBaker.“Maybethey’llevenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon’tyetknowhowto.”However,itisalargeleap(跳动)fromvirtualhideandseektorealproblem-solving.“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,”saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.12.WhydidBowenandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?A.Toteachbotstoplaygames. B.Totrainbotstousebasictools.C.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans. D.Toseethepotentialofrobotscooperation.13.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetoolsoftheresearch. B.Thedesignoftheresearch.C.Thecompetitorsofthegame. D.Theenvironmentofthegame.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Passingobjects. B.Movingboxesaround.C.Makinguseoffaults. D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.15.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch. B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving. D.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白来自旧金山人工智能试验室OpenAI的一个团队开发出了通过玩捉迷藏自学合作的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还学会了如何运用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。文章介绍了他们进行这项探讨的缘由、他们的探讨设计和探讨结果表明机器人利用问题或缺陷能够找到人类所忽视的解决方案。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.可知OpenAI的BowenBaker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI5的团队合作实力能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。由此可知，Bowen和他的同事进行这项探讨，是为了看机器人合作的潜力。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。依据第三段Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模拟的)environmentfilledwithfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.可知探讨人员将他们的机器人置于一个充溢固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏嬉戏。每个机器人都有自己的世界观，不能干脆与对方沟通。由此可知，第三段主要讲了探讨设计。故选B。【14题详解】词义揣测题。依据倒数其次段Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.可知但真正令人惊异的是，当机器人起先利用问题或缺陷。搜寻者发觉，假如他们把梯子推到墙上，他们就能跳到空中，从上面找到躲藏者。躲藏者发觉他们可以把梯子推到一边来摆脱它们。由此可知，机器人利用问题或故障的行为，表明人工智能能够找到人类所忽视的解决方案。即it指的是“利用缺陷”。故选C。【15题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,”saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.可知斯坦福高校的ChelseaFinn表示：“主要的限制在于它处于模拟状态。”由此可推知，Chelsea认为这项探讨的发觉在虚拟世界之外可能无法实现。故选D。其次节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoAutumnLeavesChangeColor?Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves.___16___Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.Leavesarenature’sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromtheearththroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair.___17___Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Chlorophyll（叶绿素）helpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyllgivesplantstheirgreencolor.Assummerendsandautumncomes,thedaysgetshorterandshorter.___18___Duringwinter,thereisnotenoughlightorwaterforphotosynthesis.Treeswillrestandshutdowntheirfood-makingfactories.Thereisnochlorophyllintheleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway（渐渐消逝）,webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors._____19_____Wejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.Thebrightredsweseeinleavesaremademostlyinautumn.Insometrees,likemaples（枫树),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.___20___Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.Allthesethingsmakethebeautifulcolorsweenjoyinautumn.A.Smallamountsofthesecolorshavebeenintheleavesallthetime.B.Whydopeoplepreferautumnleavestosummerleaves?C.Plantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandcarbondioxideintoakindofsugar.D.Haveyoueverwonderedhowandwhyanautumnleafchangescolor?E.Yellowandorangecolorsattractmanyofusinautumn.F.Thisishowtrees“know”whentobegingettingreadyforwinter.G.Sunlightandthecoolnightsofautumncausetheleavestoturnthesugarintoaredcolor.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.A20.G【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了秋天树叶颜色的改变以及改变的缘由。【16题详解】上文“Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves”说明我们喜爱秋天树叶的颜色，设空处应当围绕这个话题绽开，而后文“Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.（要回答这个问题，我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是干什么的。）”说明是回答某个问题，所以D项“你有没有想过秋天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？”呼应上文，并且是问句，呼应后文，正好承上启下，故选D。【17题详解】上文“Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair”可知植物从根部汲取水分，从空气中汲取二氧化碳，后文“Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis（光合作用）.（植物利用糖作为食物以获得能量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方式叫做光合作用。）”。C项中的“waterandcarbondioxide”与上文一样，“akindofsugar.”与下文一样，故选C。【18题详解】上文“Assummerendsandautumncomes，thedaysgetshorterandshorter”可知随着秋天的到来，白天变得越来越短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关于季节方面的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应当起先打算过冬”符合题意，并且与后文“Duringwinter”相呼应，故选F。【19题详解】上文“Asthebrightgreenfadesaway，webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors”可知，当光明的绿色消逝，我们起先看到黄色和橙色，而后文“ejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.（我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。）”是在说明看不到黄色和橙色的缘由，因此A项“树叶中始终有少量的这种颜色。”与之相呼应，承上启下，故选A。【20题详解】上文“ThebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleavesaremademostlyinAutumn．Insometrees,likemaples（枫树),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.”可知我们在树叶上看到的艳丽的红色大部分是在秋天形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会留在叶子里。后文“Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.（树的褐色如橡树是由树叶中残留的废物形成的。）”则起先说明树叶这样改变的缘由，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉快的夜晚使树叶把糖变成红色”符合题意，也是说明树叶颜色的改变以及缘由。故选G。第三部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项CapturingthelinesofloveI’veneverbeenthekindofpersontosay,“it’sthethoughtthatcounts”whenitcomestogifts.Thatwasuntilacoupleofweeksago,whenmykidsgavemeapresentthatblewmeaway.Foryearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandI___21___ourkids.Buttome,thishouseismuchmorethanjusta___22___.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___23___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.Everygrowth___24___ismarkedingrey,witheachchild’snameandthedatetheywere___25___.MostpeopleIknowhavebeenfeaturedonawalllikethis,oratleasthadawalllikeitintheirhome.Ofalltheobjectsandallthe_____26_____,it’sthisonethinginahomethat’sthe_____27_____toleavebehind.FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlyto_____28_____theirwallofheightshasbeen_____29_____paintedover.Anewpaintjobwouldn’tnormallybegreetedby______30______,buterasingthatevidenceofmotherhood____31____morethanitshould.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallis______32______evidenceoftheirprogress,rightthereforeveryoneto______33______.Overtheyears,I’vetalkedabouthowmuchIwould____34____leavingthatwallbehindwhenImoved,eventhoughthelastmarksweremade10yearsagowhenmykidsstopped____35____.Sooneday,whileIwasatwork,mychildrendecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Theyhiredaprofessionalphotographerwhose____36____isaboutcapturing(捕捉)the____37____thingsinlife,fromclearlakesandskiestoballgowns(舞会礼服).Overseveralhours,shetookphotosofthehundredsofdrawingsandlines,littlegreyfingerprints,andoldmarks.Somehow,shemanagedtophotographallthose____38____ofmemoriesperfectly.Afterwards,sheputallthephotostogetherintooneimage(影像),____39____themintoabeautifulhistoryofmyfamily.Threeweekslater,mychildren’swonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome–alife-sizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthat____40____entirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.21.A.taught B.guided C.raised D.educated22.A.place B.building C.symbol D.burden23.A.leaving B.promoting C.preventing D.marking24.A.stage B.problem C.prospect D.factor25.A.handled B.carved C.measured D.monitored26.A.memories B.images C.joys D.experiences27.A.easiest B.hardest C.safest D.strangest28.A.imagine B.claim C.discover D.conclude29.A.freshly B.cleanly C.miraculously D.beautifully30.A.laughter B.surprise C.curiosity D.tears31.A.comforts B.hurts C.hides D.shows32.A.mental B.psychological C.physical D.intellectual33.A.see B.remember C.understand D.stress34.A.like B.hate C.appreciate D.avoid35.A.learning B.wandering C.progressing D.growing36.A.work B.significance C.model D.habit37.A.worthless B.beautiful C.satisfying D.mysterious38.A.days B.weeks C.years D.figures39.A.transforming B.translating C.expanding D.analyzing40.A.leads B.explains C.represents D.summarizes【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D36.A37.B38.C39.A40.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者家里有一堵记录着孩子成长踪迹的墙壁，见证了作者作为母亲的记忆和留恋，也是她久久不舍得卖掉房子的缘由，孩子们把它拍成了照片，作为一个爱的礼物送给母亲。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我始终想卖掉我们的房子，我和丈夫哺育孩子的地方。A.taught教；B.guided指导；C.raised哺育；D.educated教化。依据下文“Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知，作者的家的一堵墙上记录着孩子成长的历程，是哺育孩子的见证，因此家是哺育（raise）孩子的地方。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对我来说，这所房子不仅仅是一栋建筑。A.place地方；B.building建筑；C.symbol象征；D.burden负担。由下文可知作者对家感情深厚，这所房子对作者不仅仅是一栋建筑。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在前屋，有一面墙上有几百条铅笔线，记录着我的孩子成长的历程。A.leaving离开；B.promoting促进；C.preventing防止；D.marking标记，记录。依据下文“Everygrowth___4___ismarkedingrey,witheachchild’snameandthedatetheywere___5___”可知，墙上面标记着孩子们的成长记录。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个生长阶段都用灰色标出，上面标有每个孩子的名字和测量的日期。A.stage阶段；B.problem问题；C.prospect预期；D.factor因素。依据上文“Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知，墙上有几百条铅笔线，记录着孩子成长中各个阶段（stage）的历程。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个生长阶段都用灰色标出，上面标有每个孩子的名字和测量的日期。A.handled处理；B.carved雕刻；C.measured测量；D.monitored监控。由上文“there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知墙上几百条铅笔痕迹记录着孩子的名字和每一次测量的日期，故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在全部的物品和全部的记忆中，只有这一件东西是家中最难留下的。A.memories记忆；B.images图像；C.joys快乐；D.experiences经验。由下文可知，作者的挚友们的家重新粉刷后抹去了作为母亲的记忆，因此可知，在家里除了常用物品之外，还有记忆。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在全部的物品和全部的记忆中，只有这一件东西是家中最难留下的。A.easiest最简单的；B.hardest最难的；C.safest最平安的；D.strangest最惊异的。依据“FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlyto_____8_____theirwallofheightshasbeen_____9_____paintedover.”可知随着家中重新粉刷墙壁，孩子们的成长印记是家中最难（hardest）留下的。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相识的挚友们下班回家后，发觉他们的高墙已经被粉刷一新。A.imagine想象；B.claim宣称；C.discover发觉；D.conclude得出结论。依据语境和常识推断，挚友们下班回家后，应当是“发觉（discover）”家里的墙壁已经被粉刷一新。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相识的挚友下班回家后，发觉他们的高墙已经被粉刷一新。A.freshly新近地；B.cleanly干净地；C.miraculously奇迹般地；D.beautifully美丽地。依据“o