联合国系统人工智能治理白皮书

UnitedNationsSystem02/05/2024

Advanceuneditedversion

CEB

ChiefExecutivesBoardforCoordination

High-LevelCommitteeonProgrammes(HLCP)

Inter-AgencyWorkingGrouponArtificialIntelligence(IAWG-AI)

UnitedNationsSystemWhitePaperonAIGovernance:

AnanalysisoftheUNsystem’sinstitutionalmodels,functions,andexisting

internationalnormativeframeworksapplicabletoAIgovernance

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Tableofcontents

Executivesummary 3

A.Introduction 7

1.Risks,challenges,andconsiderationsforglobalAIgovernance 7

(a)TheAIvaluechain 7

(b)TheAIlife-cycle 8

(c)ThebroadermacrorisksandchallengesassociatedwithAI 8

(d)ThediverselevelsandavenuesofimpactthatAIhasondifferentsectorsandaspectsofsociety 9

(e)Governancemustgohand-in-handwithsustainabledevelopmentopportunities 9

2.Contextforthepaper 9

3.Overviewofthepaper 10

(a)Focusareasofthepaper 10

(b)Methodology 11

B.FocusareaI-OverviewofexistingnormativeandpolicyinstrumentsintheUNsystemtoinformandshapeAI

governance 12

1.Overviewofinstruments 12

(a)SpecificinstrumentsonAIgovernance 13

(b)Instrumentsonareasinter-relatedwithAIgovernance 14

(c)InternationallegalframeworksthatcouldbeappliedtoaspectsofAIgovernance 15

(d)Internationalinstrumentsforgovernanceofglobalpublicgoodsandsector-specificapproaches 16

2.Keytakeaways 16

C.FocusareaII-InstitutionalfunctionsthatinformglobalAIgovernance 21

1.Scientificconsensusthroughtechnicalandauthoritativeassessmentsandresearch 22

2.Consensus-buildingandnorm-settingaroundrisksandopportunities 23

3.Regulatorycoordination,monitoring,andenforcement 24

4.AddressingthedevelopmentalneedsofAI,includingcapacitybuilding,technologicalequity,andtechnology

diffusion&dissemination 26

5.CoordinationacrosstheUNsystemforcross-cuttingissueareas 28

D.FocusAreaIII-Learningsfromexistinggovernancestructures,inclusivenormativeprocessesandagile&anticipatory

approaches 29

1.Learningsfromexistinggovernancestructuresandnormativeprocesses 29

2.LearningsfromagileandanticipatorygovernancemechanismswithintheUNsystem 31

(a)Agileandreflexivegovernance 31

(b)Anticipatorygovernanceandforesight-basedresearch 32

E.Recommendations 34

Annex1:AIRisks 37

Annex2:Methodologydetails 39

Annex3:Highlightsfromthesurvey 40

Annex4:InstrumentsfromtheUNsystemonAIorinter-relatedwithAIorthosethatcouldapplytoAI 41

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Executivesummary

ArtificialIntelligence(AI)governancehasgainedsignificantimportanceinrecentyears,especiallysincelate2022,duetotherapiddevelopmentandexpansionofgenerativeAIandlargelanguagemodels,coupledwithnumerousgloballeadersvoicingconcernsaboutAI'sexistentialrisks.TherehavebeencallstoensuretheeffectivenessandcoherenceofthemultipleinternationalAIgovernanceeffortsandtounderstandtheminthebroadercontextofgovernanceofdigitaltechnologies,factoringintheexistingdigitaldivide,includingthegenderdigitaldivide.

Thispaper1outlinestheUNSystem’sworkonAIgovernance,focusingoncurrentinstitutionalmodelsandrelatedfunctions,andexistinginternationalnormativeframeworksintheUNsystemthatcouldbeappliedorleveragedforinternationalAIgovernance.ThispaperisintendedtoinformtheUnitedNations(UN)SystemdeliberationsonAIandisalsoaUNSystem-widecontributiontotheSecretary-General’sHigh-levelAdvisoryBodyonAI(HLAB-AI).

Thedataandfindingsgeneratedduringtheresearchpresentahigh-leveloverviewoftheUNSystem'sextensiveresources,expertise,andexperiencewithnormativegovernanceprocessesandstructuresrelatedtoAIgovernance.ItdemonstratesthattheUNSystemhasbeenproactiveinaddressingthemanychallengesderivedfromtherapiddevelopmentofArtificialIntelligenceandhasrespondedwithdiversemechanismstosupportMemberStates.Inparticular,theUNSystemplaysauniqueroleasaconvenerforscientificandpoliticalconsensusbuildingandaplatformfornorm-setting,engagingwithgovernments,theprivatesector,academia,andcivilsociety,andhelpingMemberStatesdeveloptechnicalandpolicycapacities.Additionally,theUNSystemchampionsanethical,human-centred,andhuman-rights-basedapproachtobridgingthedigitaldivide.

Furtherdeliberationsarerequiredonthecriticalefforts/expertiseneededtofullyaddressemergingAIchallengesandensurethatAIgovernanceapproachesbalanceeconomic,social,andenvironmentalgoals.ItisalsoessentialfortheSystemtostrengthenimplementationandcoordinationmechanisms,enhanceworkingmodalitiesandresourcemobilizationefforts,leverageitsexpertise,buildpolicy/programmaticcoherence,andstreamlinecommunicationsandoutreach.ATaskForceundertheHigh-levelCommitteeonManagement(HLCM)hasbeenprogressingtodevelopaninternalnormativeguidance/modelpolicyfortheUNsystemontheuseofAIandtoidentifyandpromotemechanismsforpoolingtechnicalcapacityandknowledgesharingonAI.

Thekeytakeawaysfromthethreefocusareasofthepaperarepresentedbelow,followedbyrecommendationsfortheUNSystem.

FocusAreaI-ExistingnormativeandpolicyinstrumentsintheUNSystemtoinformandshapeAIgovernance

Keyobservation:SeveralinstrumentswereidentifiedbytheIAWG-AImembersasillustrativeexamplesofexistingmulti-layeredandmulti-facetedinstrumentsthatprovideastrongfoundationfornormativeefforts.ReflectingthespecificandintersectionalmandatesofUNSystementities,theinstrumentsvaryinscopefromcross-sectoral/overarchingeffortstomoresector-specificones,providinganarrayofgovernanceleversthatcatertovaryingmaturitylevelsofAIgovernanceeffortsandcapacities,includingatthenational,regionalandinternationallevels.Theexamplescovercomprehensiveinstrumentsthatalreadyincludeimplementationmechanisms,aswellasmoretargetedinstruments.Asastartingpoint,AIgovernanceeffortsmustbeanchoredininternationallaw,includinginternationalhumanrightslaw.

•TheUNSystem’stechnicalinstruments,suchasinternationalstandards,playaneffectiverole

infacilitatingnorm-settingandinteroperabilitytoaddresstheopportunitiesandrisksofAI.

1ThispaperbeendevelopedbytheInter-AgencyWorkingGrouponArtificialIntelligence(IAWG-AI),co-ledbyITUandUNESCO,comprisingofover40UNSystementities.ThispaperwasdevelopedinresponsetoarequestfromtheJointSessionoftheHigh-levelCommitteeonProgrammes(HLCP)andtheHigh-levelCommitteeonManagement

(HLCM)forthedevelopmentofawhitepaperoncurrentinstitutionalmodelsandrelatedfunctionsandexisting

internationalnormativeframeworksintheUNsystemthatcouldbeappliedorleveragedforinternationalAIgovernance,forconsiderationbyHLCPatits47thsession.CEBsubsequentlywelcomedthisoutcome.

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•Includingkeystakeholdersfromthebeginningoftheprocess,includingrelyingontheirsupportinpilotingtheframeworksunderdevelopment,bringslegitimacy,helpsdemonstrateearlyresults,andimprovestheadoptionrate.

•Inthediscussionsoncompliance,monitoring,andenforcementforAIsystems,itisessentialtoconsidermechanismssuchasaudits,inspections,andcertificationsandtolearnfromtheexperiencesoftheUNsysteminaddressingothercomplexglobalchallenges.

•Theimplementationofnormativeinstrumentsgoverningglobalpublicgoodsprovidesimportantlessonsfortransparency,accountability,andredressmechanisms,whichareessentialforAIgovernanceefforts.

•Trackingtoolsanddataobservatoriescanhelpwithglobalalignmentandsharingofinformationandbestpractices.

•

Capacitydevelopmentf

orpolicyandAIpractitionersiskeytosupportingtheimplementationofrelevantinstruments.

FocusAreaII-InstitutionalfunctionsthatinformglobalAIgovernance

Keyobservation:Thereisnoone-size-fits-allapproachinwhatconcernstheinstitutionalfunctionsforAIgovernance,includingscientificresearchandconsensusbuilding,normandstandardsetting,enforcement,andmonitoring,aswellasdevelopmentanddiffusionofAItechnologyacrossallthediverseareasofapplicationofAI.AcontinuationofanetworkedapproachwouldbenefittheUNSystem,leveraginginter-agencycoordinationandcooperationwhileenhancingcapacitiestostrengthenitsworkanddelivereffectivelyonglobalAIgovernance.Institutionshavedevelopeddifferentwaysofaddressingthisandbenefitfromcooperation.

•Scientificassessmentsdrivenbyanindependent,multidisciplinary,andmulti-stakeholdergroupofexpertsbringslegitimacytoanissueareaandinternationalalignmentonactionsneeded.

•StandardscaninfluencethedevelopmentanddeploymentofspecificAIsystemsthroughproductspecificationsinareassuchasexplainability,robustness,andfail-safedesign.Theinvolvementofkeystakeholdersinthestandard-settingprocessisimportanttoensurethatthenecessaryguardrailsareappropriatelyimplemented.

•Whiledrawinglessonsrelatedtoauditingandmonitoringproceduresfromthemodelsofentitiesfocusedoncoordinatingglobalgovernanceofcivilaviation,maritimeoperations,ornuclearenergy,itisessentialtodistinguishbetweenthesespecificsubjectareasandthedecentralizednatureofAIsystems.

•TheUN’sexperienceindevelopmentwork,includingcapacity-buildingsupporttobroaderstrategyworklikeadoptionofnationalAIstrategies,canprovideavenuesfortailoreddevelopmentprogramscateringtothespecificneedsofMemberStatesandstakeholders.SuchcapacitydevelopmentcansupportAIdevelopmentthatisgroundedinfairness,genderequality,reliability,safety,interpretabilityandaccountability.

•AIrequiresa‘dual-action’approachtoaddresssafetyrisksaswellasopportunitiesforsustainabledevelopmentpresentedbythetechnology,especiallyindevelopingcountries.

•TheUNSystem’seffortsinareassuchascybersecurityprovidelessonsforeffectivelyleveragingthecomplementarystrengthsandmandatesofmultipleentitiestoaddressthecross-cuttingnatureoftechnology.

FocusAreaIII-Learningsfromexistinggovernancestructures,inclusivenormativeprocesses,andagileandanticipatoryapproachesfromtheUNsystem

Keyobservation:Ashighlightedinthe

GoverningAIforHumanityinterimreport

preparedbytheHLAB-AI,developingandimplementingAIgovernanceshouldbeinclusive,universal,rootedinmulti-stakeholdercollaboration,adaptive,andanchoredintheUNCharter.Inaddition,agilityinnormativeprocessandinstrumentdesignandenhancedforesightfocusontechnologicaldevelopmentscanboostexistingprocesses.

•InthenormativeeffortsfocusedonAIandglobalpublicgoods,theUNSystemchampionsinclusivityinitsnorm-makingprocessesthroughmultistakeholderparticipation,tripartitestructures,andinternalcoordinationframeworks.

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•EngagingtheprivatesectoriskeyforglobalAIgovernanceefforts,includinginthenormativeandoperationalprocessesoftheUN.TheSystemcanalsoadvanceprivatesectoraccountabilitybysupportingandadvocatingforreportingmechanismsacrossvoluntaryandmandatoryrequirements.

•Providingcapacitydevelopmentanddetailedtechnicalguidancecanhelpdevelopatrustedplatformforassessmentsofrequirements,likeex-anteassessmentsofAIsystems.

•Flexibleanddynamicdecision-makingmechanismsareessentialinspecificcontexts,especiallythoserelatedtoemergency/safety.

•Alignedwith

UN2.0,

existingandemergingnormativeprocessescanbefurtherstrengthenedwithforesightandlessonsfromthesystem’santicipatorygovernanceinfood,climate,andhumanitarianwork.

Generalrecommendationsforconsideration,includingbythe(HLAB-AI:

1a.GlobalAIgovernanceeffortsintheUNSystemareanchoredininternationallaw,includingtheUNCharter,InternationalHumanRightsLaw,andotheragreedinternationalcommitmentssuchasthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Toadequatelycatertothespecificrequirementsandeconomic,social,andenvironmentalprioritiesofdifferentsectors,UNinstrumentsandframeworksprovidingsector-specificguidancearekeytothesegovernanceefforts.

1b.TheUNSystem’sconveningpower,normativeandpolicyinstruments,institutionalfunctionsandframeworks,stakeholdernetworksandresources,anddiverseexpertiseandexperienceshouldbeleveragedtohelpaddressglobalAIgovernancechallenges,includingscientificandpoliticalconsensusbuilding,monitoringandenforcement,capacitydevelopmentontechnical,policyandregulatoryaspects,enhancedmultistakeholdercollaboration,andtechnologydiffusionanddissemination.

1c.Well-conceivedAIgovernanceshouldprovideappropriateincentivesandguardrailscommensuratewiththeparticularcharacteristicsofdifferentAIsystemsandapplicationstoadvanceethicalandhumanrights-basedgovernancewhilemaximizingthetechnology’spositiveimpactonsocietyandmitigatingitsrisks.

1d.EffectiveAIgovernancecouldbedeliveredthroughanecosystemofcriticalfunctions,includingbutnotlimitedtotechnologydevelopmentandconsensusbuildingthroughresearchandanalysis,stakeholderengagementandcoordination,standardsandnorm-setting,capacitybuilding,andmonitoringandaccountability.Thesefunctionshavealreadybeentestedbytheentitiessurveyed,andthisexperiencecandelivertailoredapproachesonthebasisofthespecificnetworksoffocusareasanddiversestakeholdergroupswithintheUNSystem,facilitatedbyestablishedgovernancestructuresandcoordinationmechanisms.

1e.AdoptingapragmaticapproachandbuildingonthecurrentgovernanceinitiativesintheUNsystemwhendesigningglobalAIgovernanceeffortsiscrucial.Inaddition,thefastpaceoftechnologydevelopment,comparedtotherelativelyslowprocessestodevelopnewinternationallawinstrumentsofinstitutionalstructures,theneedforregionalorindustry/sector-specificapproaches,aswellasthelevelofagilityofmechanismsandprocessesthatexistataninstitutionallevelalsoneedtobefactoredin.TheUNSystemhaslaunchedvariousinitiativestoadapttothischangingpaceoftechnologydevelopment.

1f.LinkinternationalAIgovernancetoongoingeffortsoninternationaldatagovernancetoensurecomplementarityandavoidfragmentation.EffectiveAIgovernancerequiresanintegratedapproachacrossrelatedoradjacentgovernanceefforts;itreliesontheprinciplesandpracticesofdatagovernanceasavailabilityofqualitydataisakeyenablerforthedevelopmentofAI.

SummaryofspecificrecommendationsfortheconsiderationbytheUNsystem:

2a.PresenttheUNSystem’stoolsandinstrumentsinAIgovernanceasacombinedtoolboxforthebenefitoftheMemberStatesandstakeholders.Thistoolboxshouldencompasscross-cuttingandsector-specificinstruments.Inthisregard,considerbuildinguponthemoreimpactfulinitiativestoenhancetheeffectivenessoftheSystem’sresponsetoglobalAIgovernance.

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2b.Expandtaxonomiesforexistinginstruments,includinginternationalhumanrightslaw,tofacilitatetechnicalandnormativeguidanceforleveragingexistinginstrumentsandcomplementtheseeffortswithcapacity-buildingsupport.

2c.PutinplaceorupdateinternalpoliciestogoverntheuseofAIwithinUNsystementities,buildingontheworkoftheHLCMTaskForceonAItodevelopanormativeguidanceormodelpolicyfortheUNsystemontheuseofAI.

2d.Leverage,enhance,andscaleobservatoriesonAItodisseminatebestpractices,usecases,andlessonslearnedontheuse,identification,adoption,andimplementationofexistinginstruments.

2e.LeverageexistingmultidisciplinaryglobalnetworksintheUNecosystemforbuildingconsensusandcommunicatingkeytechnologicalmilestonesanddevelopmentsinAI,enabledbyeffectiveinformationflowandexchange.

2f.Investinanddevelopin-housegranularandcomprehensiveAIexpertisetosupportMemberStateseffectively,engagewithstakeholdergroups,andbuildtrust.

2g.EnablesandboxestofacilitatethedevelopmentofinternationallyharmonizedapproachesforAIriskassessmentsandmonitoringefforts.

2h.ProactivelymanagerisksandmainstreamforesightcapabilitiesacrossallsystemeffortsontechnologyandAIgovernancethroughcross-sectoralandmulti-stakeholderpartnerships,includingwithacademicinstitutionsandthinktanksfocusedontechnologyforesight.

2i.Investintalent,data,computeresources,andregulatoryandprocurementcapacity,throughinitiativesaimedataddressingtheAIdivideunderthebroadercontextofthedigitaldivideandenhancingtechnicalcapacitiesforpolicymakersandpractitionersofAI.

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A.Introduction

1.Withatransformativeimpactacrossmanyindustriesandsectors,ArtificialIntelligence(AI)cansparkglobalinnovation,enhancedata-drivendecision-makingacrossallcountries,andboostprogresstowardtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).AmidstrapidinnovationandadvancementsinAI,thereisgrowingrecognitionthatthetechnologypairsopportunitiesforextraordinarygrowthandinclusive,sustainabledevelopmentwiththepotentialforsignificantdisruptionandrisk.ThediscussiononrisksisespeciallypertinentforareasinwhichAItechnologiescouldhaveadverseimplicationsforpeaceandsecurity,suchasautonomousweaponssystems,aswellasfortheroleofAIinmisinformation,itsusebylawenforcement,orpublicservicedelivery.

2.AIisalreadythefocusofintensegeopoliticalcompetition.StateswiththefinancialandtechnicalresourcesandcapacityareprioritizingAIsystemsasastrategicobjective.Meanwhile,technologycompanieswieldsignificantinfluenceandcontroloverdata,algorithms,andcomputationalresources.HarnessingthebenefitsofAIsystemswhileminimizingtheirrisksandpotentialharmsrequiresacollaborativeeffortamongstakeholdersthroughsharedglobalresponsibility.TherapidemergenceofgenerativeAIapplicationshasfurtheracceleratedthepushtowardexploringadaptablegovernancemodelsandmechanismsthatevolvewithtechnologicalprogress.Thesemodelsshouldcombineopennesstoexperimentationandinnovationwithrisk-consciousandresponsibletechnologyadoptiontoadvanceinclusiveandsustainabledevelopmentandensuretrust.Suchmodelsalsoneedtofactorinthelimitedresourcesthatsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesorstakeholdershaveforcomplianceandregulatoryefforts,andtheyshouldbedesignedproportionately.

3.ThesetrendsreaffirmtheneedforglobalAIgovernancetobeanchoredintheUnitedNations(UN)CharterandhumanrightsframeworkandfortheUNSystemtocontinueleveragingitsuniqueconveningpowertofacilitateinternationalcooperationandmulti-stakeholderengagementingovernanceefforts.

1.Risks,challenges,andconsiderationsforglobalAIgovernance

4.Giventhehorizontal,transversal,andcross-sectoralnatureofAI,ithasthepotentialtoimpactallaspectsofhumanity.Mitigatingassociatedriskswillrequiremultiplelensestoaddressanyissuescomprehensively-fromeconomicsandmarketstothesocialfabricanddigitalrightstoinclusivity.AglobalAIgovernancediscussion,therefore,needstofactorinthefollowingdimensions-i)theAIvaluechainanditssocio-economicandgeopoliticalimpacts,assomecountriesviefortechnologicaldominancewhileothersriskbeingconfinedtosourcesofdata,cheaplabororrawmaterials;ii)theAIlife-cycle,whichlooksatthetechnicaldimensionsofAIdevelopmentanddeployment;iii)thebroadermacrorisksandchallengesassociatedwithAI;

iv)thediverselevelsandavenuesofimpactthatAIhasondifferentsectorsandaspectsofsociety

-fromprecisionagriculturesupportinghigheragriculturalyields,tolethalautonomousweaponsystemsintroducingnewthreatstopeaceandsecurity;andv)thatgovernancemustgohand-in-handwiththesustainabledevelopmentopportunitiespresentedbyAI.

5.Thesedimensionshavealsohelpedguidethestructureofthispaperandtheselectionofexamplesresearchedandpresentedacrossthefocusareas.

(a)TheAIvaluechain

6.AnAIvaluechainistypicallycomprisedofthefollowingelements:computerhardwarecloudplatformsdataandAImodelsapplicationsservices.AsAIuseandinnovationgainmomentum,anequitygapandunequalconcentrationofpowerareemergingacrossallelementsofthisvaluechain.Forinstance,theeconomicbenefitsofAIapplicationsareaccruedprimarilybythreestakeholders:businessesbuildingAImodelsandapplications,hardwarecompaniessupplyingthechipsandcomputecapacitythatpowerAImodels,andcloudserviceproviders.Mostofthesecompaniesarecurrentlylocatedinahandfulofcountries.

7.Conversely,workersindevelopingcountriesaredeliveringonasubstantialchunkoftheworkrelatedtoaspectssuchasdatalabellingandcontentmoderationwhileaccruinglimitedeconomic

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benefits.Whilesuchdivideshaveincreasinglybeenobservedwithtechnologicaladvancementsoverthepastseveralyears,thescaleandpaceoftheimpactofAItechnologiesandapplicationsonthedigitaldivideisunprecedented.Ithasthepotentialtoexacerbatethegapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountrieswhileadverselyaffectingwomenandchildrenandpeopleinmarginalizedsituations,whoarebothatriskoffacingbiasfromAIsystemsaswellashavinglimitedcontroloverhowtheirdataiscollectedandprocessed.Geopoliticalfactorsarealsoessentialtoconsider,asthedesignandmanufacturingofhardwarechipsarerestrictedtoafewcompaniesandcountries,whileanumberofothercountrieshavetheirroleconfinedtobeingsourcesofessentialmineralsandmetalsneededtoproducesuchchipsandotherhardware.

8.ItisalsoimportanttoconsidertheenvironmentalcostofbuildingandtraininglargeAIsystemsaswellastheresource-intensivemanufacturingofthehardware-poweringAIsystems.WhilesomeemergingAIregulationsreflectenvironmentalconsiderations,andsomestudiesareassessingandmeasuringtheenergyconsumptionofAIsystems,thereisagapinglobalaccountabilityregardingtheoverallcarbonfootprintoftheAIvaluechain.Asperoneestimatei,generatinganimageusingalargeAImodelcanuseasmuchenergyasfullychargingasmartphone.Inaddition,miningessentialmineralsandmetalstomanufacturechipsforAI-relatedhardwareleadstomassivegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsandwaterconsumptioninthemanufacturingprocess.Theenvironmentaldimensionalsoreflectsanotherequitygap,ascountriesfacingenergypovertymighthavelimitedenergyresourcestopowerdatacentres,a

foundationallayerinAIsystems.

(b)TheAIlife-cycle

9.AsdescribedintheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization’s(UNESCO)RecommendationontheEthicsofArtificialIntelligence,anotherdimensionistheAIlifecycle,whichrangesfromresearch,design,anddevelopmenttodeploymentanduse,includingmaintenance,operation,trade,financing,monitoringandevaluation,validation,end-of-use,disassemblyandterminationofAI.Whenviewedfromalifecyclelens,thetechnicaldimensionsofAIgovernancewouldinvolvegovernanceacrossthesevariouselements,includingaspectsliketheinterpretabilityofmodels,thequalityoftrainingdata,licensingandcertificationforAIapplicationsandservices,andotherfactors.Datagovernance,dataprotection,privacy,andcybersecurityremainessentialaspectsthroughoutthelifecycleofAIdevelopment.

(c)ThebroadermacrorisksandchallengesassociatedwithAI

10.Onthedimensionofrisk,whileitischallengingtodefineeverypossibleriskfromAI,especially

fromgeneral-purposeAIsystems,somekeyoneshavebeenhighlightedinthediagrambelow,

whichincludethoseidentifiedbyUNSystementitiesduringresearchforthispaper,those

broadlyhighlightedbyexperts,aswellasthosehighlightedinthe

GoverningAIforHumanity

interimreport

bytheHLAB-AI.TheAnnexofthereportcontainsfurtherdetailsontheserisks.

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Illustration1:CurrentandevolvingglobalAIrisks

(d)ThediverselevelsandavenuesofimpactthatAIhasondifferentsectorsandaspectsofsociety

11.AIpresentsdiverselevelsandavenuesofimpactacrossdifferentsectorsandaspectsofsociety

–fromprecisionagriculturesupportinghigheragriculturalyieldstolethalautonomousweaponsystemsintroducingnewthreatstopeaceandsecurity.AIgovernancediscussionsandapproachesneedtobedesigned,takingintoconsiderationoverarchingprinciplesaswellasthevaryinglevelsofrisksandopportunitiesacrosssectors.

(e)Governancemustgohand-in-handwithsustainabledevelopmentopportunities

12.AIgovernanceneedstofactorinthecapacitydevelopmentneeds,includingfacilitatingandscalingAIusecasesforsocietalbenefit,likeintheareaofclimateorhealth.ScalinguptheseusecasesrequiresinvestmentsandconcertedpolicyeffortsacrosstheentirevaluechainofAI,particularlyforcomputecapacityandcloudinfrastructure,dataaccess,anddemocratizingAI.

2.Contextforthepaper

13.TheUNSystemhasbeencloselytrackingandrespondingtodevel