浙江省A9协作体2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题【含答案解析】

绝密★考试结束前浙江省A9协作体2023学年第二学期期中联考高二英语试题考生须知：1.本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)，本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟;2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字;3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效;4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillKarendonext?A.Takeaphoto. B.Downloadanapp. C.Plantsomeflowers.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Karen,doyouknowwhatthisplantis?W:Ireallyhavenoidea.I’veneverseensuchaplantbefore.Let’slearnaboutit.M:How?W:Ihaveanappthatcanrecognizeaplantthroughaphoto.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhendoesTomplantoleavefortheparty?A.At6:30pm. B.At6:40pm. C.At7:00pm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Youhavetogonow,Tom.Thepartybeginsat7:00pm.Therearejustthirtyminutesleft.M:Don’tworry,Mom.Myfriend’shomeisjustafifteen-minutewalkaway.I’llleavehomeintenminutes.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfindthesurroundingarea?A.Noisy. B.Unsafe. C.Great.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Ilookedatanewtwo-bedroomapartmenttoday.M:Howisthesurroundingarea?Istheneighborhoodnoisy?W:Veryquietandsafe,andit’sgotalotoftreesandflowers.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abook. B.Awebsite. C.Amatch.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyouusuallyfindbookstoread?M:Iuseawebsite.Itcanmatchmewiththeperfectbook.IjustneedtodescribewhatIwanttoreadwithsomewords.W:That’sconvenient.Canyoutellmewhatsiteitis?M:Sure.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingtonight?A.Eatingout. B.Cookingathome. C.Goingtoaseafoodmarket.【答案】A【解析】原文】M:Dear,whatabouteatingsomeseafoodtonight?W:Goodidea.Idon’twanttocooktoday.M:Let’sgotoOwen’sFishCamp.Itservesupsomeofthefreshestseafoodinthecity.第二节:(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatdoesLisalikedoinginhersparetime?A.Readingbooks. B.Watchingmovies. C.Doingoutdoorsports.7.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttobe?A.Anartist. B.Awriter. C.Ahistorian.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Lisa,whatdoyoulikedoinginyoursparetime?W:Iliveanactivelife.Idon’tlikestayingindoorsreadingbooksorwatchingmovies.Iusuallygoonhikesorplaytenniswithmyfriends.Ialsolikehavinglongwalkswithmydog.Whataboutyou?M:I’mdifferentfromyou.Ilikegoingtomuseumsandlookingatartworks.W:Doyoudreamofbecominganartist?M:No.Ilovewritingstoriesaboutoldtimes.Iwanttopublishmyownbooksinthefuture.Visitstomuseumscanhelpmewrite.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatistheplaymainlyabout?A.Atouchinglovestory. B.Thelifeofafamily. C.Thechildhoodofanactor.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Bookthetickets. B.Gotothetheater. C.Checktheshowtime.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】【原文】W:I’mreallyinterestedinwatchingthenewplayPicturesFromHome.WhataboutgoingtoBroadwaytonight?M:Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheplayfirst?W:Sure.It’saboutthelifeofamother,afather,andtheirson.M:Whydoyouwanttowatchsuchaplay?W:Ilovetouchingfamilystories.I’msurethisplaywillbringbackchildhoodmemoriesforus.M:OK.Iwillgowithyou.Whenwilltheplaystart?W:Iamnotsure.Let’ssearchforitontheInternet.M:Allright.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhatdidHenrydoatAntelopePark?A.Hetookawalk. B.Hesharedhealthtips. C.Hedidsomevolunteerwork.11.Howlongdidtheeventlast?A.Threehours. B.Fourhours. C.Fivehours.12.WhydidthewomancallHenrythisafternoon?A.Toaskafavor. B.Toextendaninvitation. C.Toaskabouthomework.【答案】10.A11.B12.A【解析】【原文】W:Henry,Icalledyourhomethisafternoon,butyourmothersaidyouwereout.M:IwenttotheFirstAnnualFestivalofHealthinourcity.W:Didyouhaveagoodtimethere?M:Yes.First,Itookpartinthe“IMatter”walk,towanderforamilearoundAntelopeParkandpromotebothmentalandphysicalhealth.Italkedhappilywithsomeotherswhilewalkingthere.W:Whatdidyoudoafterthat?M:IwenttotheAuldPavilion.Therearemorethan30organizationssettinguptablestosharehealthtipsandservices.Theyalsoofferedfoodanddemonstrationsofhealthycooking.W:Sodidtheeventlastlong?M:Itbeganat1:00pmanddidn’tenduntil5:00pm.It’sapityyoumissedit.Butdon’tworry.Youcangotoitnextyear.W:Ireallylookforwardtoit.M:Bytheway,whydidyoucallme?W:Iwantedtoknowifyouhavetimetohelpmewithmymathhomeworktonight.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhywillJimlikethetourinMike’sopinion?A.Hewantstoenjoythescenery.B.Heexpectstodiveinthesea.C.Heisinterestedinseaanimals.14.Whichisincludedinthetour?A.Aone-waytrainticket. B.Asandwichlunch. C.Asouvenir.15.Whatisthecostofthetourfora14-year-oldchild?A.$120. B.$130. C.$145.16.Wherearemostprobablythespeakers?A.Athome. B.Atanoceanpark. C.Atatravelagency.【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Whatareyoudoing,Mike?M:I’mreadingaboutamajormarinetour.Jimlikesseaanimals.Hewantstolearnaboutwhales,buthehasn’tseenanyyet.I’msurehe’llbeinterestedinit.W:Canyougivemesomemoreinformation?M:Sure.Itwilllastthreeandahalfhoursinall.ItallowstouriststospendtwohoursonthewaterinsearchofwhalesinAukeBay.Asandwichlunchisincluded,alongwithroundtriptransportationfromAnchoragebytrainorcoach.W:Sohowmuchdoesitcost?M:$145forages13andolder,$130forages2to12andfreeforinfantsyoungerthan2.W:Whendoesittakeplace?M:ItrunsdailyfromAprilthroughearlyOctoberinthemorningandafternoon.Sowhatdoyouthink?W:Well,I’mreallyinterested.Let’sgoupstairsandtellourlittleJimaboutit.M:OK.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatsubjectdidthespeakerteach?A.Art. B.Math. C.English.18.Wheredidthespeakervolunteer?A.Inavillage. B.Inatown. C.Inacity.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A.Hesharedaroomwithothers.BHeusedaswimmingpoolforfree.C.Hereceivedthreetraditionalmealseveryday.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Makingatripplan. B.Introducingascenicspot. C.Sharingavolunteerexperience.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,everyone.NowI’dliketotellyouaboutavolunteerexperienceofmine.Inthesummerof2022,IwenttovolunteerinalocalkindergarteninbeautifulUbudinBali.ItaughtbasicEnglishthroughgames,danceandsongsthere.Thechildrenreallylovedmyteaching.NowI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutUbud.ItistheculturalandartisticcenterofBali.Itisfamousforitsartsandcrafts.Thetownissurroundedbybeautifulricefields,smallvillages,artandcraftcommunities,ancienttemples,palacesandrivers.Thebestpartisthatit’sfarfromthetouristcrowdsofKuta.Soit’saveryquietplace.Duringmystaythere,Isharedaroomwithsevenothervolunteers.Itallowedmetomakesomenewfriendsthere.Wecoulduseaswimmingpoolthere.Itcostusaboutthreedollarseachtime.Therearealsoseveralgymsnearby.Wereceivedthreetraditionalmealseachdayonweekdaysandtwomealsonweekends.That’sallaboutmytimevolunteeringinUbud.Ifyouwanttovolunteerabroadoneday,IstronglysuggestyoutrytheteachingvolunteerprograminUbud.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节:(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AJaw-droppingarchitectureisn’tnew.We’restillfascinatedbytheGreatPyramidbuilt4,500yearsago!Readformorerecentexamplesofinnovativebuildingsconstructedusingmoderntechnology.CrookedHouse(Poland)COMPLETED:2004Withitscurved(弯曲的)wallsandroof,itispopularwithphotographers.However,staringatitfortoolongmightmakeyoudizzy!Insideisatypicalmallandofficebuilding.AfavoritefeatureistheWallofFame,withsignaturesfromPolishcelebrities(名人).It’smodeledaftertheHollywoodWalkofFame.CubeHouses(Netherlands)COMPLETED:1984TheCubeHousesareapopularattraction,buttheyarealsorealhousesthatpeoplelivein!Thefurnitureistailor-madetofitthestrangeangleswherethewallsmeet.ArchitectPietBlomdesignedthehomesbasedontheideaof“livingasanurbanroof,”withthehousingaboveandthecourtyards,shops,andevenachessmuseumbelow.WonderWorks(US)COMPLETED:2006Lookingatthecracksinthisbuilding,youmightthink,isitabouttocollapse?Butit’sallanillusion(幻觉).Thisindooramusementparkisactuallyprettynormal.Theupside-downfeaturesarejustforshow.Insidearemorethanhands-onscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingalaser-tagzoneandahurricane-forcewindtunnel!GuangzhouOperaHouse(China)COMPLETED:2010ItwasdesignedbyIraqi-bornarchitectZahaHadid.Shesaidsheletnaturalplacesinspireherbuildings,suchasthisoperahouseonthePearlRiver.Sheusedlatestconstructionanddesignmethodstomakeherdesignareality.GPSpositioningandlasertechniqueshelpedshapethestructure,whichincludestonsofsteelandglass.21.WhatmakesCubeHousesdifferentfromtheothersinthelist?A.Itslatesttechniques. B.Itsresidentsinside.C.Itsfamoussignatures. D.Itsupside-downfeatures.22.Whichbuildingmightbestsuitsciencemajors?A.CrookedHouse B.CubeHouses C.WonderWorks D.GuangzhouOperaHouse23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceamazingarchitecture. B.Toadvertisespecifically-designedprograms.C.Toinspirestudentstomakeinnovations. D.Tourgepeopletoprotecthistoricalbuildings.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个创新建筑。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheCubeHousesareapopularattraction,buttheyarealsorealhousesthatpeoplelivein!(立方体房屋是一个受欢迎的景点，但它们也是人们居住的真正的房子！)”可知，里面有人居住让CubeHouses与其他列出的建筑不同。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Insidearemorethanhands-onscienceexhibitsandactivities,includingalaser-tagzoneandahurricane-forcewindtunnel!(里面不仅有动手的科学展览和活动，包括激光标签区和飓风级风洞！)”可知，WonderWorks最适合理科生。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Jaw-droppingarchitectureisn’tnew.We’restillfascinatedbytheGreatPyramidbuilt4,500yearsago!Readformorerecentexamplesofinnovativebuildingsconstructedusingmoderntechnology.(令人瞠目结舌的建筑并不新鲜。我们仍然对4500年前建造的大金字塔着迷！阅读更多使用现代技术建造的创新建筑的最新例子)”可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍令人惊叹的建筑。故选A。BMybiggestregretof2023wastherelationshiptomysmartphone.IspenttheequalofJanuary,FebruaryandMarchlookingatthattinyscreen.Whilesomeofthattimewasnecessaryforwork,orstayingconnectedwithfamily,Ibecamegluedtoit.Thishabitstartedtomakemefeeluneasy.So,inDecember,Imadeabigchange.IswappedmyexpensiveiPhoneforabasicflipphone(翻盖手机),whichonlycost$108.Thisdecisionwasmetwithdisbelief,especiallyfrommyseven-year-olddaughterwhocouldn’tunderstandwhyIchosesuchadevice.However,Iwasdeterminedtoreducemyscreentimeandtakebackcontrolofmylife.Makingtheswitchwasneithereasynorfast.Ihadtoadjusttoitslimitedfunctionsandlearntolivewithouttheconvenienceofhavingeverythingatmyfingertips.ThereweremomentswhenIfeltfrustrated,likewhenIcouldn’tuseasmartphoneapptochargemyelectriccarornavigatewithoutGoogleMaps.Despitethesechallenges,Isurvived,andevenprogressedduringthemonth.Itwasarelieftodisconnectmybrainfromtheinternetregularlyandforhoursatatime.Ireadfourbooks.Ievendidamagicjigsawpuzzle.Aftertwoweeks,InoticedI’dlostmythumbtwitch—physicaldesiretocheckmyphoneinthemorning,atredlights,waitingforanelevatororatanyothermomentwhenmymindhadabriefopportunitytowander.“Ourhealthisstrugglingagainstmanyoftheseservicesandcompaniesthatarecompetingforourtimeandourenergyandourattention,”saidMatthewBuman,aprofessorofmovementsciencesatArizonaStateUniversity.Itoldhimaboutmyownstrategy—theflipphone.HesaiditprobablymademymindfeelmorefreeandfeelasifIhadmoretime(bothtrue),butthatinoursociety,it’shardtomaintainthatinthelongterm.24.Whatmadetheauthorchangeherrelationshipwithhersmartphone?A.Herintentiontoworkharder. B.Herdesiretocontactherfamily.C.Herdecisiontotrysomethingnew. D.Herguiltaboutoveruseofthephone.25.Howdidtheauthor’sdaughterrespondtothenewflipphone?A.Proudofthewisechoice. B.Astonishedatthelowprice.C.Confusedbytheunexpectedswitch. D.Delightedatthenewdevice.26.Whatwasthebenefittheauthornoticedafterswitchingtoaflipphone?A.Efficiencyinnavigating. B.Controloverherlife.C.Conveniencetochargehercar. D.Desiretocheckherphone.27.WhydidMatthewBumanthinkitdifficulttomaintaintheauthor’sstrategyinthelongterm?A.Theauthormightfindithardtodisconnectfromtheinternet.B.Theauthor’shealthmightsufferduetothelackofconnectivity.C.Theauthormightmisstheconvenienceofhavingasmartphone.D.Theauthormightstruggletoadapttothelimitedfunctionsofaflipphone.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了因为过度使用手机，作者把原来的手机换成了翻盖手机，这一转变让作者更好地掌控生活。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“IspenttheequalofJanuary,FebruaryandMarchlookingatthattinyscreen.Whilesomeofthattimewasnecessaryforwork,orstayingconnectedwithfamily,Ibecamegluedtoit.Thishabitstartedtomakemefeeluneasy.(我花了整整1月、2月和3月的时间盯着那个小屏幕。虽然其中一些时间是工作或与家人保持联系所必需的，但我变得离不开它。这个习惯开始让我感到不安)”可知，对过度使用手机的负罪感让作者改变了她与智能手机的关系。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisdecisionwasmetwithdisbelief,especiallyfrommyseven-year-olddaughterwhocouldn’tunderstandwhyIchosesuchadevice.(这个决定遭到了怀疑，尤其是我7岁的女儿，她不明白我为什么选择这样一个设备)”可知，作者的女儿看到新款翻盖手机，被意想不到的转变弄糊涂了。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Itwasarelieftodisconnectmybrainfromtheinternetregularlyandforhoursatatime.Ireadfourbooks.Ievendidamagicjigsawpuzzle.Aftertwoweeks,InoticedI’dlostmythumbtwitch—physicaldesiretocheckmyphoneinthemorning,atredlights,waitingforanelevatororatanyothermomentwhenmymindhadabriefopportunitytowander.(定期切断大脑与互联网的联系，每次长达数小时，对我来说是一种解脱。我读了四本书。我甚至做了一个神奇的拼图。两周后，我注意到我的拇指不再抽搐了——在早上、红灯、等电梯或任何其他我的大脑有短暂机会走神的时刻都想看手机的身体欲望)”可知，换用翻盖手机后，作者发现自己开始掌控生活。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“HesaiditprobablymademymindfeelmorefreeandfeelasifIhadmoretime(bothtrue),butthatinoursociety,it’shardtomaintainthatinthelongterm.(他说，这可能让我的思想感觉更自由，感觉好像我有更多的时间(都是真的)，但在我们的社会，很难长期保持这种状态)”可知，Matthewhuman认为作者的策略很难长期维持因为作者可能会发现很难脱离网络。故选A。CItisnowpossibletogeneratefakebutrealisticcontentwithlittlemorethantheclickofamouse.Thiscanbefun:aTikTokaccountonwhichanartificialTomCruisewearingapurplerobesingsTinyDancerofParisHiltonholdingatoydoghasattracted5.1millionfollowers.However,thistechnologyalsocauseschallenges.Cheaterscancopylovedones’voiceswithjusttenseconds,andAI-generatedcelebritiesadvertisequestionableproductsonline.Fakevideosofpoliticiansarealsospreadingrapidly.Thefundamentalproblemisanoldone.Fromtheprintingpresstotheinternet,newtechnologieshaveoftenmadeiteasiertospreaduntruthsorpretendtobethetrustworthy.Whilehumanshavetraditionallyreliedonshortcutstodetectfakes,suchasspellingmistakesorstrangelyrendered(渲染的)handsinAI-generatedimages,thesesignsarebecominglessreliableasAIcontinuestoimprove.Thearmsracebetweengeneratinganddetectingfakescurrentlyfavorstheformer,anditseemsthateventually,AImodelswillbeabletoproduceperfectfakes.ThisrapidadvancementinAItechnologyraisesseriousconcerns.Forexample,itcouldleadtoaworldwhereanyphotographofapersoncanbeusedforblackmail(敲诈).Additionally,anyonecouldcreateavideoofapoliticalleaderannouncinganuclearfirststrike,causingwidespreadpanic.Despitetheseawfulpossibilities,societieswilladapttotheriseoffakecontent.Peoplewilllearntodistrustimages,audio,orvideoasproofofevents,similartohowtheyviewdrawings.Instead,thefocuswillshifttoidentifyingthesourceofcontent,withreliablesourcesbecomingincreasinglyimportant.Itmaysoundstrange,butthiswastrueformostofhistory.WhileAItechnologypresentssignificantchallenges,itisnottheendofthemarketplaceofideas.Overtime,thefakesthatrisewillmostlybethefunnyones.28.WhatisthemainconcernovertheabilityofAItogeneraterealisticfakecontent?A.Itmakespeoplepretendtobesomeoneelse.B.Itenablescheaterstopromotefakeproductsonline.C.Itcausesarmsracebetweengeneratinganddetectingfakes.D.Itmakesitdifficulttodistinguishtherealcontentfromthefake.29.Whatarepeopleadvisedtofocusonwhenensuringthereliabilityofcontent?A.Itssource. B.Itsvisualquality. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsemotionalimpact.30.Whatdoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Funnyfakeswillbetheonlyonethatriseinthefuture.B.Theriseoffakescontentwillnotdestroytheexchangeofideas.C.PeoplewillfinditnecessarytodistinguishAI-madecontentfromreality.D.Peoplewillnolongertrustanyformofmediaowingtothefloodoffakes.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FunandFearofVideos:AIisChangingOurWorldB.AI-GeneratedFakes:AChallengetoTruthandTrustC.FromLaughstoLies:TheImpactofAI-CreatedVideosD.DawnforDigitalArt:WelcomingtheEraofAI-MadeContent【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今人工智能生成逼真的虚假内容导致人们很难区分真假内容的问题。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThisrapidadvancementinAItechnologyraisesseriousconcerns.Forexample,itcouldleadtoaworldwhereanyphotographofapersoncanbeusedforblackmail(敲诈).Additionally,anyonecouldcreateavideoofapoliticalleaderannouncinganuclearfirststrike,causingwidespreadpanic.(人工智能技术的快速发展引发了严重的担忧。例如，它可能导致一个人的任何照片都可以被用来勒索的世界。此外，任何人都可以制作一段政治领导人宣布首次核打击的视频，引起广泛的恐慌)”可知，对于人工智能生成逼真的虚假内容的能力，人们主要的担忧是很难区分真假内容。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Instead,thefocuswillshifttoidentifyingthesourceofcontent,withreliablesourcesbecomingincreasinglyimportant.(相反，重点将转移到识别内容的来源，可靠的来源变得越来越重要)”可知，在确保内容的可靠性时，建议人们关注来源。故选A。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Itmaysoundstrange,butthiswastrueformostofhistory.WhileAItechnologypresentssignificantchallenges,itisnottheendofthemarketplaceofideas.Overtime,thefakesthatrisewillmostlybethefunnyones.(这听起来可能很奇怪，但历史上大部分时间都是如此。虽然人工智能技术带来了重大挑战，但它并不是思想市场的终结。随着时间的推移，出现的假新闻将大多是搞笑的)”可知，最后一段说明了虚假内容的兴起不会阻碍思想的交流。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,thistechnologyalsocauseschallenges.Cheaterscancopylovedones’voiceswithjusttenseconds,andAI-generatedcelebritiesadvertisequestionableproductsonline.Fakevideosofpoliticiansarealsospreadingrapidly.(然而，这项技术也带来了挑战。骗子可以在十秒钟内模仿爱人的声音，人工智能生成的名人在网上宣传有问题的产品。政界人士的假视频也在迅速传播)”，并结合文章主要说明了如今人工智能生成逼真的虚假内容导致人们很难区分真假内容的问题，可知B选项“人工智能生成的虚假信息：对真相和信任的挑战”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。DToSwedes,thescentofsurströmming(鲱鱼罐头)ispleasant,buttomostothers,it’ssickening.Thiscontrasthighlightstheroleofcultureinshapingourperceptions(见解)ofscent.However,researchersnowsuggestthatbiologymightplayamoresignificantrolethanpreviouslythought.ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,noticedfromtheirownpreviousworkthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesdescribedsmellsdifferently.Theyalsoknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Thus,theyexpectedtoseeasimilarphenomenonwithsmells.Theresearchersconductedastudyinvolvingninediversegroupsofpeople,includinghunter-gatherersinMexico,farmersinEcuador,andresidentsofcitieslikeMexicoCityandBangkok.Theywerepresentedwithtensmells,rangingfromisovalericacidtovanillaextract,andaskedtoratethemaccordingtopleasantness.Theresultsshowedhighconsistencyacrosscultures,withisovalericaciduniversallydislikedandvanillaextractmostlyenjoyed.Interestingly,thechemicalcompositionofthesmellsaccountedfor41%ofthereactions,whileculturalfactorsonlyexplained6%.Itisquitedifferentinthecaseofvisualperceptionoffaces,whereaperson’sculturemakesup50%oftheexplanationforwhichfacestheyfindbeautiful.Meanwhile,theresearchersidentifiedan“eyeofthebeholder”effectinourperceptionsofscent.Thisphenomenon,thoughlessobviousthaninvisualperception,representsthepersonalpreferencesthatareshapedbyinfluencesoutsideindividualculture,accountingfor54%ofthedifferencesinwhichsmellspeopleliked.Thisstudysuggeststhatoursenseofsmellmaybemoreinfluencedbybiologicalfactorsthanculturalones.Itchallengestheideathatculturealonedetermineswhatwefindpleasantorunpleasantandopensupnewwaysofexploringthebiologicalbasisofoursenses.32.Whatistheinitialpurposeoftheresearch?A.Toexplorehowcultureaffectsoursenseofsmell.B.Toproveallpeopleenjoythescentofsurströmming.C.Toexaminegeographyplaysaroleinscentperception.D.Toconfirmbiologyhasaninfluenceonscentperception.33.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?A.Bymakingquestionnairesurveys. B.Byrecordingparticipants’reactions.C.Bycomparingculturalbackgrounds. D.Byreferringtopreviousstudyreports.34.Theunderlined“eyeofthebeholder”effectmentionedintheresearchrefersto________.A.thestandardofbeautyacrossdifferentculturesB.theroleofcultureinshapingoursenseofsmellC.theimpactofpersonalpreferencesonscentperceptionD.theinfluenceofoutsidefactorsonourvisualpreference35.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheparticipants’reactionstoisovalericacid?A.Theywerefamiliarwithisovalericacidbeforehand.B.Theyhatedisovalericacidallduetoitsunpleasantsmell.C.Theirreactionstothescentofisovalericacidvariedamongcultures.D.Theirdislikeforisovalericacidwasbasedmoreonbiologicalfactors.【答案】32.A33.B34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明，文化可能会显著影响人们对气味的偏好，而我们的嗅觉可能比文化因素更受生物因素的影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,noticedfromtheirownpreviousworkthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesdescribedsmellsdifferently.Theyalsoknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Thus,theyexpectedtoseeasimilarphenomenonwithsmells.(瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究所的神经科学家阿廷·阿尔沙米安和牛津大学的心理学家阿西法·马吉德从他们之前的工作中注意到，来自不同文化的人对气味的描述不同。他们还从其他研究人员过去的实验中了解到，文化在决定人们认为哪种面孔美丽方面很重要。因此，他们预计气味也会出现类似的现象。)”可知，研究的最初目的是要探究文化是如何影响我们的嗅觉的。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersconductedastudyinvolvingninediversegroupsofpeople,includinghunter-gatherersinMexico,farmersinEcuador,andresidentsofcitieslikeMexicoCityandBangkok.Theywerepresentedwithtensmells,rangingfromisovalericacidtovanillaextract,andaskedtoratethemaccordingtopleasantness.Theresultsshowedhighconsistencyacrosscultures,withisovalericaciduniversallydislikedandvanillaextractmostlyenjoyed.(研究人员进行了一项涉及九个不同群体的研究，其中包括墨西哥的狩猎采集者、厄瓜多尔的农民以及墨西哥城和曼谷等城市的居民。他们被呈现出十种气味，从异戊酸到香草提取物，并被要求根据愉悦程度对其进行评分。结果显示，不同培养物的一致性很高，异戊酸普遍不受欢迎，香草提取物大多受欢迎。)”可知，研究人员把参与者们对不同气味的反应记录下来了。故选B。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Meanwhile,theresearchersidentifiedan“eyeofthebeholder”effectinourperceptionsofscent.Thisphenomenon,thoughlessobviousthaninvisualperception,representsthepersonalpreferencesthatareshapedbyinfluencesoutsideindividualculture,accountingfor54%ofthedifferencesinwhichsmellspeopleliked.(与此同时，研究人员在我们对气味的感知中发现了一种“旁观者的眼睛”效应。这种现象虽然没有视觉感知那么明显，但代表了受个人文化外部影响而形成的个人偏好，占人们喜欢的气味差异的54%。)”可知，这里提到“旁观者的眼睛”效应指的是个人偏好对气味的感知是有影响的。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresultsshowedhighconsistencyacrosscultures,withisovalericaciduniversallydislikedandvanillaextractmostlyenjoyed.(结果显示，不同培养物的一致性很高，异戊酸普遍不受欢迎，香草提取物大多受欢迎。)”和最后一段“Thisstudysuggeststhatoursenseofsmellmaybemoreinfluencedbybiologicalfactorsthanculturalones.(这项研究表明，我们的嗅觉可能比文化因素更受生物因素的影响。)”可知，研究表明，我们的嗅觉可能比文化因素更受生物因素的影响。所以，人们对异戊酸的厌恶更多地是基于生物学因素。故选D。第二节:(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WaysToUnlockYourInnerMotivationDoyoustartsomethingandthenleaveitmidway?Doyoualsofeelanenthusiasticrushatthebeginningofnewthingsbutlosemotivationaftersometime?Don’tworry!____36____Theycanbethesteppingstonesinyourjourneytoachieveyourdreams.Seta“SMART”goal.Goalsettingisalwaysthefirststepbutwhatisthetrueessenceofagoal?Canitbeconsideredagoaltowritea50,000-wordbookinoneday?Yourgoalhastobe“SMART”—specific,measurable,achievable,relevantandtime-bound.Settinga“SMART”goalwillhelpyouclarifywhatyouaretryingtoachieve,andhowyouhavetodivideyourtimetoachieveit.____37________38____WeallhavethatoneWhyinsideofusthatpushesustoworkhardandremindsuswherewehavetogo.Itcanbeanythinglikefinancialfreedom,tryingtoproveyourself,adesiretomakeanimpact,orsimplyhavingsomethingmeaningfulinlife.FindingyourWhywillhelpyouconnectwithyourgoalonadeeperlevel.Shareyourgoal.____39____Inthatway,theycanhelpyoustaymotivatedbyremindingyouofwhatyouwant.Yourpartnercanbeanyoneyoutrustbutremember,beverywisewhileselectingthembecauseyouareonlyasgoodasthecompanyyoukeep.Visualizeyoursuccess.Thisisamentalexercise.Alongtheway,keepvisualizingyoursuccess.____40____Keeparecordofeverythingthatyoudo.Youcanwriteitinyourjournalandyoucanalsorecordyournextsteps.Trackingyourgoalsfuelsmotivation.A.Actonyourreminder.B.Identifyyourinnersource.C.Getapartnertotellthemwhatyouwanttoachieve.D.Havingatasteofitwillhelpyoustayhungryformore.E.Creatingavisualrepresentationboardcanbereallyhelpful.F.Itwilltellyouwhetheryourgoalisrelevantandachievableornot.G.Iwillexplainsomeimportantwaysthathelptokeepmymotivation.【答案】36.G37.F38.B39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些解锁你内心动力的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Doyoustartsomethingandthenleaveitmidway?