英语阅读理解三副

Passage01

Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarry

passengers.Theycanoperateasliners.Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixed

timetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysail

whetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners.The

formercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld；thelatercarry

containerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedas

liners.Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannels

andnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners.Theynotonlycarry

passengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFar

East.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateas

cruiseshipsforpartoftheyear.

Thedeep-sealiners.

A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo

B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo

C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles

D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas

A

TheLiners.

A.alwayssailfull

B.sailregularlyevennotfull

C.alwayssailinballast

D.willnotsailifnotfull

B

Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners.

A.willbepublishedweekly

B.willbepublishedwhentheysail,whetherfullornot,fromEuropetoNorthAmerica

andtotheFarEast

C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded

D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture

D

Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall

B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture

C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime

D.containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers

A

Passage02

Nowadays,mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateas

tramps.Thesevesselsdonotsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable,butare

employedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-sea

trampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyoncoastalroutes

andupriverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes,but

somearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes.

Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedto

carryaparticulartypeofcargo.Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themost

commonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythemajoroilcompaniesorbyindependent

operators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemical

carriersandliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carriers.

Thedeep-seatramps.

A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas

B.arebuilttocarrypassengers

C.aremainlycoasters

D.arespecializedvessel

A

Thecoasters.

A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas

B.commonlycarryoilcargo

C.aremainlytankers

D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports

D

TheimportanceofLNGcarriers.

A.isgrowing

B.isnotmentionedinpassage

C.isdecreasing

D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary

A

Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall

B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture

C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships

D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps

A

Passage()3

Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo,theother

carriesliquidcargo；however,anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldry

cargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwo

tweendecks,becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.Drybulkcargo

iscarriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.The

mostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersof

standarddimensions,consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit,meatanddairyproduceare

carriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargo

carrier.Theyareoftenverylarge,becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransported

andonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones.Twoother

typesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)

carrierandthechemicalcarrier,althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsin

generalcargoships.

Therearetypesofliquidbulkcarrier.

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

B

Amulti-deckvesselhastweendecks.

A.hasmany

B.no

C.onlyone

D.hasuptotwo

D

Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedin.

A.containerscarriers

B.traditionalships

C.OBOships

D.refrigeratedships

D

Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare•

A.tweendeckers,OBOships

B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel

C.OBOships,oiltankers,chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers

D.drycargoship,drybulkcargocarrier,containercarriersandrefrigeratedships

D

Passage04

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforce

causestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,a

shipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoingastern.

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverse

effectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenough

tocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades.Forright-handedpropellersthis

cantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipisgoingahead.The

effectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,the

effectistheoppositeandthesterncantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasily

becorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway.

Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknown

as.

A.axialthrust

B.transversethrust

C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

A

Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship'sstern

to・

A.starboard

B.port

C.tomoveahead

D.moveastern

B

Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis.

A.goingastern

B.goingahead

C.stopped

D.makingnowaythroughthewater

A

Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby•

A.therudder

B.thepropelleritself

C.thenauticalinstrument

D.windandtide

A

Passage05

TheChiefOfficer,orFirstMateasheisoftencalled,istheMaster，schiefofficerand

headoftheDeckDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer(Mate),aThirdOfficer

(Mate),andsometimesaFourthOfficer(Mate).SeveralcompaniesemployaFirst

OfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain

(Bosun)andaCarpenter,bothpettyofficers,andanumberofratings.Thesemadeup

ofAbleSeamen(AB),OrdinarySeamen(OS)andamiddlegradeknownasEfficient

DeckHandsCEDH).Thereareothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadets

arecarriedfortrainingpurposes.

TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond,Third,

FourthandsometimesFifthEngineer.AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.The

engineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman.Ontankersthereisalsoa

Pumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.TheengineroomratingsareFiremenand

Greasers.TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets.

TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonand

galleysection.TheformerisheadedbytheSecondSteward,thelatterbytheShip's

Cook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyareassistedbyseveralstewardsand

cooks,andbyanumberofjuniorratings.

TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman：theRadioOfficer.Onshipswhere

continuousradiowatchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers：aChief,Secondand

Third.

isnotapettyofficer.

A.Boatswain

B.SecondSteward

C.RadioOfficer

D.Storekeeper

c

EDHisrankwhichishigherthan.

A.SecondSteward

B.AB

C.OS

D.ChiefEngineer

C

Storekeeperbelongto・

A.DeckDept

B.EngineDept

C.CateringDept

D.RadioDept

B

Therearedepartmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five

D

Passage06

WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticesto

Marinersserviceisaccurate,theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionof

data.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitableequipmentandthat,

otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheusersmachineatthesametime.Users

shouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata,andalsoconsultthe

MarinersHandbook(NP100)forfurtherdetails.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereis

apossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission,orintheprocessofdisplay

orprintingontheuser，sequipment,orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats,andis

accordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange,or

anymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges,madebylicensees,orotherparties.

Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept.

A.duringtransmission

B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment

C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats

D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders

D

Theuserofthedataisadvisedtoconsultforfurtherdetails.

A.MarinersHandbook

B.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntry

D.NoticestoMariners

A

OfthefollowingitemsisnotmentionedforwhichUKHOwillacceptno

responsibility.

A.changeintheprocessofdisplayorprinting

B.unauthorisedchangesmadebylicenseesorotherparties

C.modificationsmadebylicenseesorotherparties

D.professionalamendments

D

Itisimpliedthat.

A.thedataareincorrect

B.thedataaretobecorrectedintensively

C.althoughthedataareaccurateenough,youarestilladvisedtouseitwithcaution

D.nottouseitifyouhavenotenoughtimeorproperequipmenttoeffectnecessary

correction

C

Passage07

Thecontainershipisdifferentfromtheconventionaltypeandisaninnovationnotedfor

easierhandlingandquickerturnoverofcargoes.Cargoestobecarriedbythistypeofship

arepre-packedintocontainersbeforebeingloadedaboardtheship.

Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.Madeofmetalorotherdurable

materials,theyarewatertightaftersealingandcanthereforebestowedondeckwhilst

beingcarried.Oneofthefeaturesofcontainershipsisthatsomeofthecontainersare

usuallystowedondeck.

Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglypopularintradingcircles,andthetrendis

thatthetonnagethereofwillgrowatafasterpaceinfuture.

Whatdoes^innovation^inthefirstparagraphmean.

A.makingchanges

B.theintroductionofanantigenicsubstanceintothebodyagainstaspecificdisease

C.Theactofintroducingsomethingnew.

D.revolution

C

Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.closedofficiallyorunderthesupervisionofnotarypublic

D

Ofthefollowing,isnotthefeatureofthecontainership?

A.Someofthecontainersareusuallystowedondeck

B.Itiseasyforhandlingandquickturnoverofthecargo

C.Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglysafer

D.Cargoesarepre-packedintothecontainer

C

Thetonnageofcontainershipis.

A.decreasing

B.increasing

C.remainingthesame

D.changing

B

Passage08

Nauticalchartsareindispensabletomariners.They,however,aresubjecttofrequent

changes,suchasthoseofnavigationalaids,ofwaterwaysduetothedredgingand

construction,ofdepthsofwater,andofremovalorappearanceofwrecks.Inorderto

keepup-to-dateandreliable,nauticalchartshavetoundergocorrection.Changesof

importancearegenerallypromulgatedbyweeklyeditionofNoticestoMariners,which

enablemarinerstocorrectthechartsbyhand.Ifmajorchangesmakeitimpracticableto

doso,theNoticeswillprovideareproductionofasmallarea,whichisalsocalledblock,

tobepastedontothechartinitscorrectposition.

Nauticalchartsneedcorrectionbecause.

A.navigationalaidsaresometimesindispensable.

B.therearealwayssomemistakes

C.wrecksmayappearorberemoved

D.theycouldneverbereprinted

C

Correctiontochartsaremadebycrewmembersinaccordancewith.

A.NoticestoMariners

B.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntry

D.Supplement

A

Inthepassage,Blocksare.

A.largescalecharts

B.representationsofcharts

C.reproductionsofportionsofcharts

D.smallscalecharts

C

Thepurposeofcorrectiontochartsisto.

A.keepthemup-to-date

B.makethechartsbrand-new

C.keepthechartsavailabletoallmarinersintheworld

D.keepthechartsfreefrommistakes

A

Passage09

CorrectionstoSailingDirectionsaregiveninSectioJW".Thoseinforceattheendofthe

yeararereprintedintheAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners.Alistofcorrectionsin

forceispublishedinSectioiiVoftheWeeklyEditionforthelastweekofeachmonth.

Itisrecommendedthatcorrectionsbekeptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsin

forceontop.Thelistshouldbeconsultedwhenusingtheparentbooktoseeifany

correctionsaffectingtheareaunderconsiderationareinforce.

Itisnotrecommendedthatcorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,

but,ifthisisdone,whenanewsupplementisreceivedcaremustbetakentoretainthose

correctionsissuedafterthedateofthenewsupplement,whichmaybeseveralmonths

beforeitsreceiptonboard.

arereprintedintheAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners.

A.TheSailingDirections

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirections

C.TheeffectivecorrectionstoNoticestoMariners

D.TheWeeklyEdition

B

Theparentbookis・

A.TheSailingDirection

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirectionsinforce

C.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners

D.theWeeklyEdition

A

ItisrecommendedthatcorrectionstotheSailingDirectionsbe.

A.madebyhand

B.consultedatthelastweekofeachmonth

C.stuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement

D.keptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop

D

Ifthecorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,.

A.whenanewsupplementisreceived,thosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenew

supplementmustberetained

B.theparentbookmustbeconsulted

C.thecurrentsupplementmustbeconsulted

D.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMarinersmustbeused

A

Passage1()

Theamountofdetailshownonachartvarieswiththescaleofthechart.Onalargescale

chart,forexample,fulldetailsofalllightsandfogsignalsareshown,butonsmaller

scalestheorderofreductionofinformationinelevation,period,range,untilonanocean

chartoftheareaonlylightswitharangeof15milesormorewillnormallybeinserted,

andthenonlytheirlight-starandmagentaflare.Ontheotherhand,radiobeaconsare

omittedfromlargescalechartswheretheirusewouldbeinappropriate,and,unlessthey

arelongrangebeacons,fromoceancharts.

Oceanchartsareones.

A.largescale

B.smallscale

C.inappropriate

D.omitted

B

Whatcannotbefoundinthelargescalecharts.

A.Radiobeaconsofsmallrange

B.Fulldetailsofalllights

C.Elevations

D.Fulldetailsoffogsignals

A

Thelight-starandmagentaflareareshownon•

A.largescalechartsonly

B.smallscalechartsonly

C.bothsmallandlargescalecharts

D.neithersmallnorlargescalecharts

C

Thetitleofthispassageshouldbe.

A.LightsandBeaconsonCharts

B.CharacteristicofLightsandBeacons

C.CorrectionstoSmallandLargeScalecharts

D.NavigationalChartsPublication

A

Passage11

DALIANOBSYGALEWARNING190600Z

COLDFRONTWILLPASSBOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRAL

HUANGHAISEACAUSINGGALEWINDSTOMORROWAFTERNOONAND

EVENINGSTOP.

SYNOPTICSITUATION190600Z

LOW994HPAAT48N118EMOVINGSE8KTSWITHCOLDFRONTFROM

CENTERPASSISNG44N128EHIGH1013HPAAT38N124ESTATIONARYSTOP

24HOURSWEATHERFORECASTFROM191000Z

BOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISEAPARTLY

CLOUDYBECOMINGOVERCASTTOMORROWWITHRAINSWWINDSFORCE

7TO8TOMORROWATERNOONANDEVENINGSEAROUGHBECOMINGVERY

ROUGHSTOP.

TheCOLDFRONTwillpassBohaiSea,BohaiStraits,NorthandcentralHuanghaiSea

on.

A.The20th

B.The19th

C.The18th

D.The6th

A

isstationaryat38N124E.

A.Low994hPa

B.High1013hPa

C.Coldfront

D.Warmfront

B

Thewindsareexpectedtomorrowtobe?

A.rough

B.veryrough

C.SE8knots

D.SW7-8inforce

D

Whatistheweatherliketomorrowinthisarea.

A.ItwillbepartlycloudybecomingovercastwithrainandSWforce7-8winds

B.LOW994HPAat48N118EismovingSE8KTSwithCOLDFRONTfromcenter

passing44N128E

C.HIGH1013HPAat38N124Ewillbestationary

D.Itwillrainthewholeday

A

Passage12

Insomepartsofachartwherethespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofany

kind,theremaybeCautions,Warnings,Notes,etc.,whichshouldbetakenintoaccount

whileusingachart.AllofthoseCautionaryNotesgivethemarinerfacilitiestoensure

safenavigation,suchastoavoidrunningagroundinshallowwatersandmakingdamages

tonearbyfishinggears,andtokeepoffanyhazardsinareaswheresubmarinefrequently

exercises.Furthermore,theyareofGOODhelptomariners,astothereliabilityofthe

navigationalaidsespeciallyincongestedwatersornarrowchannels,topreventany

possibleaccidents.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage.

A.Regulationsoftheharbor

B.DetailsintheSailingDirections

C.Rulesoftheterminal

D.DescriptiononAdmiraltyCharts

D

Accordingtothepassage,youmustpayattentiontowhileusingachart.

A.Cautions,WarningsandNotes

B.Reports,SymbolsandCharts

C.Explanations,accountsandanswers

D.Damages,hazardsandinjuries

A

CautionaryNotesarehelpfulformariners.

A.torunagroundinshallowwaters

B.tomakedamagestonearbyfishinggears

C.tokeepoffhazardsinareaswheresubmarineexercises

D.tokeepthereliabilityoftheaidstonavigationincongestedwatersornarrowchannels

C

Cautions,Warnings,Notes,etc.arelikelyinsertedinsomepartsofachartwhere

A.submarinefrequentlyexercises

B.therearefishinggears

C.thewatersiscongestedandthechannelsarenarrow

D.thespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofanykind

D

Passage13

Logbooksrequiredbylaw,tobefilledoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship,

theformsofwhichmustbeprovedbytheshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities.

Logbooksareusedtorecordtheeventsoccurringduringtheship'sstayinaharbor,at

anchorage,orunderway,andtheyarealsorequestedtoproduceevidencesincase

officialsinquireaboutaccidents.

Oncompletionofthevoyagethelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentofthe

ownerorthemarineauthoritiesforjustification,checkingorapproval.Therefore,

everythingrecordedinthelogbookmustbetrueandaccurate.

Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts.The

correctentrywithsignatureshouldbemadenearorabovethem.Noerasuresorcutsare

tobeallowed.

Thebesttitleforthepassageis"

A.Theformsoflogbooks

B.Theuseoflogbooks

C.Characteristicsoflogbooks

D.Howtochecklogbooks

B

Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,.

A.erasuresorcutsaretobeallowed

B.itistobecorrectedoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship

C.itistobeproducedincaseofficialsinquireaboutaccidents

D.aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts,withcorrectentrywithsignaturebeingmade

nearorabovethem

D

Theformsoflogbooksmustbeprovedby.

A.officialswhoinquireaboutaccidents

B.theshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities

C.mastersorofficersonduty

D.thesuperintendentoftheowner

B

Thelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentoftheownerorthe

marineauthoritiesforjustification,checkingorapproval.

A.oncompletionofthevoyage

B.inaharbor

C.atanchorage

D.underway

A

Passage14

Fornavigation,radarisofincrediblevalue.Itprovidesthenavigatorwithhisposition,

hisdistancefromshipsorobstructionsnearbyandotheraccurateinformationtoprevent

collisionandensurethesafetyoftheship.Radarcandisplayallobjectswithinits

workingrangeclearly,eitherinclearweatherorinthickfog.Inaddition,iftheradar

informationiscorrectlyinterpreted,thenavigatorcaneasilyworkoutthespeedand

directionofanapproachingobjectandtakepropermeasurestokeephisshipfromany

danger.

Shore-basedradaralsoplaysanimportantroleinshipping.Ifship'sradarisintrouble,

theradarobserveratthestationswilluseVHFradiotoalertthemtoothertrafficinthe

vicinityaswellastoadvisetheirposition.Uptonow,manyradarsurveillancesystems

havebeeninstalledinmostlargeseaports.Theyareintendedtosmoothandcontrolthe

flowoftraffictoandfromtheharbor.

Fornavigation,theradaris.

A.ofnovalue

B.veryimportant

C.soexpensivethatpeopledon，tknowhowmuchitis

D.valueless

B

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutradar'sfunctionformarinepurposesis

incorrect.

A.Itprovidesthenavigatortheship，sposition

B.Itprovidesinformationtoprotectshipsfromcollision

C.Itdisplaysalltheobjectsatseaclearly

D.Itdisplaystheobserver，sdistancefromshipsandobstructionsnearby

C

Iftheship*sradarisintrouble,theshore-basedradar.

A.mayprovidetheshipofherposition

B.shouldbeinstalledwithsurveillancesystems

C.shalladvisetheshiptouseVHF

D.willbeputintouseimmediately

A

Radarsurveillancesystems.

A.mayprovideallshipsoftheirtechnicalconditions

B.shouldbeinstalledwithVHF

C.shallbecorrectlyinterpreted

D.areintendedtosmoothandcontroltheflowoftraffictoandfromtheharbor

D

Passage15

Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancescanbemadebyvisualorsound

signals.VisualsignalscanbesentbyusingflagsoranAldislamp.AnAldislampisan

electriclampusedforflashingmessagesinMorsecode.Thetraditionalmethodof

signalingfromoneshiptoanotherisbyusingflags.Therearedifferentcoloredflagsfor

eachletterofthealphabet.Therearealsopennant-shapedflagsfornumbers,andalong

pennant,knownasanansweringorcodepennant.Threeotherflags,whichare

burgee-shaped,areknownassubstitutes.Theseshowthattheflatorpennantisbeing

repeated.Besidesstandingforaletterofthealphabet,eachflag,whenhoistedalong,

hasanothermeaning.Forexample,the“W''fIagalsomeans：”Irequiremedical

assistance”.Flagscanalsobehoistedincombinationsoftwo,threeorfour.Siren,

whistle,bellorothersoundsignalscanbeusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhen

visualsignalscannotbeseen.

Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancesmaybemadeby.

A.visualsignals

B.soundsignals

C.MorseCode

D.Eithervisualorsoundsignals

D

AnAldislampisusedfor.

A.transmittingMorsecode

B.flashingflags

C.sendingflagsignals

D.sendingsoundsignals

A

Burgee-shapedflagsareusedassubstitutestoshow.

A."repeating”

B.”answering”

C."code"pennant

D."Irequiringmedicalassistance^^

A

areusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhenvisualsignalscannotbeseen.

A.Visualsignals

B.Substitutes

C.Pennant-shapedflags

D.Theship'ssiren,whistleorbell

D

Passage16

WhenthesendersofGOODshavelargeshipmenttomake,andespeciallywhenbulk

cargoisconcerned,itisadvisablethattheyhavesomeshipsattheirdisposal.Someofthe

bigcompaniessetupafleetoftheirown,buttherestmayfinditmoreprofitabletohire

insteadofbuildingorbuyingships.Thisiscalled“chartering”.Thecharteringoftheship

isusuallydonethroughtheintermediaryofbrokers,who,whenhired,willgothroughall

thenecessaryformalitiesonbehalfofthecharterer.InLondonthereisaspecial

centef'theBalticExchange”,wherethebrokersoperateinmuchthesamewayasstock

andsharebrokersonastockexchange.ButitiseasyforhomeshipperstohireChineseor

foreignshipsthroughChinaNationalCharteringCorporation,whichtakescareof

charteringbusinessonordersfromvariousimportandexportcorporations.

Whenlargeshipmentisconcerned,isnotthewayforthesendertohaveships

attheirdisposal.

A.tocharterships

B.tobuildships

C.tobuyships

D.toscrapeships

D

Incharteringallthenecessaryformalitiesareperformedthrough.

A.theintermediaryofagents

B.theintermediaryofbrokers

C.thecharterers

D.the64Ba!ticExchange^^

B

Thefunctionof'theBalticExchange'%.

A.todealwithstocks

B•toexchangecargoes

C.tooperateonshares

D.tocharterships

D

ChinaNationalCharteringCorporationtakescareofcharteringbusinessforhome

shippers."TotakecareoF'means.

A.topayattentionto

B.tobeconcernedwith

C.tobeliablefor

D.totakechargeof

D

Passage17

Atropicalstormisnotsoextensiveasthedepressionofhigherlatitudesbut,within75

milesorsoofthecenter,thewindisoftenfarmoreviolent,andthehighandconfused

seasnearthecentermaycauseconsiderabledamagetolargeandwell-foundships,while

smallvessels(forexample,destroyers)havefoundered.Thedangerisstillgreaterwhen

shipsarecaughtinrestrictedwaterswithoutadequateroomtomaneuver.Within5to10

milesofthecenterthewindislightormoderateandvariable,theskyisclearorpartially

so,andthereisaheavy,sometimesmountainous,confusedswell.Thisareaisknown

asthe"eye"ofthestorm.Afterpassingthroughtherelativelywindlesscenterofthestorm

thewindwillsuddenly,andwithgreatviolence,commencetoblowfromadirection

oppositetothatexperiencedontheothersideofthewindlesscenter.Duetotorrential

rainvisibilitynearthestormcenterisalmostnil.

Within