考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷34（共185题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷34（共9套）（共185题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Intheory,agovernmentbailoutshouldprovideashort-term"infusionofcashtogiveastrugglingcompanythechancetorightitself.ButinitsaggressivedealingswithU.S.automakers,mostrecentlyGeneralMotors,theObamaadministrationiscomingdangerouslyclosetoengaginginfinancialengineeringthatignoresbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealitiestoachievepoliticalgoals.ItisnowclearthatthereisnorealdifferencebetweenthegovernmentandGM.Forallintentsandpurposes,thegovernment,whichissettoassumea50percentequitystakeinthecompany,isGM,andithasbeencallingtheshotsinnegotiationswithcreditors.WhiletheObamaadministrationhasbeenplayinghardballwithbondholders,ithasbeenmorethanhappytoplaynicewiththeUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Howelsetoexplainwhyaretireehealth-carefundcontrolledbytheUAWisgoingtogeta39percentequitystakeinGMforitsremaining$10billioninclaimswhilebondholdersarebeingpressuredtotakea10percentstakefortheir$27billion?It'shighlyunlikelythattheautoindustryprofessionalsatGMwouldhavereachedsuchadealifthegovernmenthadnotbeenwatchingthem—orprovidingthemoneyneededtokeepthefactorydoorsopen.GMiswidelyexpectedtofileforbankruptcybeforetheendofthismonth.Ifthiswereatypicalbankruptcy,thecompanywouldbeallowedbylawtotearupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementandnegotiatefordrasticallyreducedwagesandbenefits.Surely,thegovernmentwon'tletthathappen.Still,thethreatofacontractabolitionprobablyplayedaroleintheunion'sagreementtocost-cuttingmeasureslastweek.It'snevereasyforunionstomakeconcessions,butthestingofhandingbackmoneyisbeingsoftenedbythegovernment'sdesiretogivetheunionahugeownershipstakeinGM.TheadministrationarguesthatitcouldnotriskalienatingtheunionforfearoftriggeringastrikethatcouldpermanentlycrippleGM.Italsoassumesthatithadtoagreetoprotectsuppliersandfundwarrantiesinordertopreservejobsandreassurepotentialbuyersthattheircarswouldbeserviced.Thesearelegitimateconcerns.Butit'stoobadthattheObamaadministrationhasnotthoughtmoredeeplyabouthowitsbullyingofbondholderscouldconvincefutureinvestorsthatthelastthingtheywanttodoisputmoneyintoanycompanythatthegovernmenthas—orcould—becomeinvolvedin.1、InitsdealingswithU.S.automakers,theObamaadministrationhasA、beenhardonshareholdersandautoindustrylaborforce.B、helpedstrugglingautomakerstorightthemselveswithashort-termcash-infusion.C、narrowlyavoidedignoranceofbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealities.D、successfullysavedtheautomaker-giantswhilestrivingforpoliticalgoals.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。答案在第一段。其中讲到奥巴马政府过度干涉美国汽车制造商，特别是最近通用汽车公司的问题，险些卷入金融操纵的危险境地，那样就会无视公平的基本原则和经济现状，C项与之相符。A项labor:force与后文讲述的政府与UAW交好的事实相悖；B项是理论上政府应该采取的策略，然而并没有证据表明政府已经这样做；D项successfullysaved与原文dangerously相悖。2、Thestatement"calltheshots"(Line3,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、implementstrategies.B、havethefinalsay.C、seekcompromises.D、makeconcessions.标准答案：B知识点解析：语义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。文中前一句讲到政府实际就代表了通用公司，按照逻辑推理，可知政府在与债权人谈判中。它可以代表通用公司做决定，由此可知B项“有决定权”正确。A项“贯彻策略”泛泛而谈，且“策略”无出处；后一句说到奥巴马政府对债券持有人态度强硬(playhardball)，可排除C项“寻求和解”和D项“做出让步”。3、Ifithadnotbeenwatchedbythegovernment,GMwouldprobablyhaveA、imposednopressureonbondholderstotakethe10%equitystake.B、cutthepercentageofequitystakecontrolledbytheUAW.C、tornupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementinanillegalway.D、launchedstaff-downsizingandreducedworkers’wagesandbenefits.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段讲到因为有政府的监管，上述协议才能达成。因此可以推断出，如果没有政府帮助，UAW很可能就得不到39%这么多的股权，故B项与之相符。A项imposednopressure无法推理，原文只提出政府的介人使得债券持有人只获得了10%的股权，并未提及在政府坐视不理的假设下公司会向债券持有人施压：C项的illegal与第三段中“依照法律，通用公司可以撕毁和工人联合会的劳资协议”矛盾；D项downsizing并未提及。4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheUAWgivestopprioritytoA、takingitsownershipstakeinGM.B、enlargingtheretireehealth-carefund.C、raisingworkers’wagesandbenefits.D、validatingthecontractwithGM.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。属段落细节推断。原文提到“废除合同的威胁很可能促成了工会在上周同意了有关降低成本的措施。”因为工人联合会担心协议被撕毁将一无所得，所以才同意了有关降低成本的措施。由此可见，他们最希望的就是能够保全之前与公司签订的协议，故D项正确。A项并非toppriority，仅仅softenthesting；B项“增加退休人员的医保基金”未在此处提及；C项welfareandbenefits并未提及。5、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?A、TheUAWshouldbefullysatisfiedinordertoavoidastrike.B、Theadministrationhasgivenmorethanenoughsympathytotheworkers.C、Theunfairtreatmentcanmakefutureinvestorslosetrustinthegovernment.D、Legitimateconcernsareonlytoolsofthegovernmenttoachievepoliticalgoals.标准答案：C知识点解析：观点态度题。从全文意义以及最后一段可以推断出作者的观点态度，即政府行为会导致投资者不愿再把钱投资到与政府有关的企业中，因为政府可能会损害他们的利益来保护劳工权益，C项与之相符。A项“为了避免罢工，应该要尽量满足UAW的要求”、B项“政府已经给予工人最大限度的同情”均是政府托词，而非作者意见：D项“合理考虑仅仅是政府为达到政治目的而使用的手段”未提及。Biographiescanbewearisomecontrivances,oftentoolongandtoodetailedfortheirowngood.Biographersmakethemistakeofspendingtoomuchtimeworshippingtheirsubjects.Thinkoftheauthoritativethree-volumelifeofRobertFrostbyLawrenceThompson,forexample,andhowthebiographerpassed,overthemanyyearsofitsmaking,fromheroworshiptointensedislikeofthepoetheshadowedforalmostaquarterofacentury.Yes,toolongandintenseanacquaintancecanleadtosourness.AsthebicentenaryofCharlesDarwin'sbirthonFebruary12thapproaches,itisgoodtowelcomeabiographywhichisrelativelysmall,butinnowaysuperficialormeager.RuthPadelhasachievedthisfeatbywritinghergreat-great-grandfather'slifeinasequenceofoftenquiteshortpoems.Throughherversessheseekstocapturethe"voice"ofDarwin.MsPadelembedsmanyofDarwin'sownwords—fromhisbooksorhisletters—inherpoems,andtheresultstendtogivethesenseofbeingjointlyauthored.Sometimessheshapesentirepiecesofquotationintoherownpoeticpassages.Ifthisseemstobeabitofslyplagiarism,itdoesn'tfeellikeit.Itfeelsmorelikeaskillfulactofcollaborationbetweenthelivingandthedead,onemeldingeasilywiththeother.Whydoesthisbookworksowell?Howdoesitmanagetosaysomuchinsofewwords?MsPadelseemstohavecaughttheessenceoftheman's.character,asifinabutterflynet.Sheentersintohiscastofmind,bringingacrosshishyper-sensitivity,hissenseoffragility,hislifelongboldness,andthepoemsareasequenceofsnapshots—oftensmall,intermittentanddelicatelyimagistic—ofparticularlycrucialincidentsinhislife;ofmomentsofintellectualillumination.Itisnoteasytodescribeawholelifeinrelativelyfewwords.Youneedtofindsomewayoffillinginthebackground.MsPadelhasovercomethisproblembyhavingparagraphsofnotesrun,inasinglecolumn,besidethetextsofthepoemssothattheycanbereadsidebyside.AndwhyarepoemsagoodwayofiUuminatingalifesuchasDarwin's?Thebestlyricpoems—thinkofKeatsorShelley,forexample—aremomentsofsuddeninsight.AndDarwin,throughout,wasinthegripofsomethingverysimilar:aterrible,destabilizingsenseofwonder.Hesensedhintsofthemarvelouseverywherehelooked.Allthesadderthen—andthisissomethingthatMsPadeldoesnotexplain—that,laterinlife,themanwhocarriedwithhimontheBeagleChannelacopyofMilton's"ParadiseLost"foundthathecouldnolongerenjoypoetry.6、Accordingtotheauthor,biographiescanbecomeboringbecausetheyaretooA、short.B、detailed.C、authoritative.D、superficial.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干可定位至第一段第一句。其中说到传记常常因为写得过于冗长详尽而令人厌倦，因此可知正确答案为B项。A项“太短”，这并不会引起读者的厌倦，此项与文意相反；C项“权威的”只是罗伯特.弗罗斯特三卷本传记的一个特点，并非传记令读者厌倦的原因；D项意为“肤浅的”，原文第二段提到的是帕德尔女士写的达尔文传记不肤浅，但这并不能推断出肤浅的传记会让读者厌烦，这是过度推断。7、TheexampleofLawrenceThompsonistoshowthatA、it’smostlikelythatacquaintancesdislikeeachotherinthelongrun.B、biographershavetoshowallthegoodnessoftheirsubjects.C、over-worshippingthesubjectmightcauseemotionalchangesofbiographers.D、otherbiographersmaycriticizetheauthorforshowingtoomuchworshipping.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据LawrenceThompson定位至第一段。其中说到随着时间推移，汤普森对弗罗斯特由崇拜转为厌恶。因此可知正确答案为C项。A项所说的是“熟人”，并不是作传的对象，与题意无关：B项“传记作者必须展现作传对象的全部优点”、D项“其他的传记作者也许会批评作者过度崇拜其传记对象”，文中均未提及。8、CharlesDarwin’sbiographybyRuthPadelA、quotedmanyofRuth’sbooksandletters.B、usedDarwin’sownpoeticpassages.C、plagiarizedtheentirepiecesofotherbiographies.D、feelslikeajointworkbytheauthorandthesubject.标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据RuthPadel可定位至第二段。文中说“感觉像是她和达尔文合写的一样”、“更像是生者和逝者的完美合奏”，因此可知D项正确。帕德尔引用的是达尔文的作品，而不是她自己的作品，因此A项错误；B项说引用了达尔文的诗歌，但文中只是说他的著作和书信中的话语被引用到帕德尔的诗歌中，因此B项也排除：C项说完全抄袭了其他传记作者的作品，不符合文意，因为文中指出，如果有抄袭嫌疑的话.抄袭的也是达尔文的作品，因此C项错误。9、Darwin’sbiographybyMsPadelturnsouttobeagreatsuccessbecauseMsPadelA、hasmadeaninsightfulcommentonDarwin’sparticularnature.B、triestointroduceeverythingcrucialinadetailedandclearway.C、isabletoprovidecomprehensivebackgroundknowledgeoftheman.D、usesanewwayofofferingideasandnotestothereaders.标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据success定位至第三段。本段一开始就问“为何这本传记如此成功?”随后给出了答案：抓住了达尔文性格的本质特征。因此A项“以深刻的见解谈论了达尔文独特的性格”正确。文中说的是她记录了达尔文生命中极其重要的时刻，而不是详细地叙述每个细节，因此B项与文意不符；她也没有提供“全面的”背景知识。因此C项也错误；D项所说的新方法只是方便读者阅读，也不是成功的原因，应排除。10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A、Biographieshavetobewrittenintheformofpoemswithnotes.B、It’sgenerallyadvisabletodescribepeople’slifeinfewerwords.C、PoemisthebestwayofdepictingthewonderfullifeofDarwin.D、Darwin’slifeisfilledwithmomentsofsuddeninsights,aspoemssuggest.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。最后一段说诗歌像是一次次顿悟，而达尔文的人生也是如此，因此D项正确。A项“传记必须以诗歌加注的形式写成”说法过于绝对，与文意不符；B项“用更少的文字写传记通常是明智的”，这是第一段观点，最后两段并无此意；C错在best，原文用了good，并无“最”的语义，故排除。二、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Lifeisunfair,aseventheBibleacknowledges.Wecan'tallhitabaseballlikeDiMaggioorsingliketheBeatles.Buthowmuchdoweunderstandaboutthosewhocan?Notenough,saysMalcolmGladwell,inhisnewbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.【F1】WeattributetheBeatles'fabuloussuccesstotheiramazingmusicaltalents,whereasGladwellhasadifferentexplanation—asadetenninantofsuccess,talentisoverrated,comparedwith,amongotherthings,luck.OutliersopenswithatypicallyGladwellianpuzzle:whyaresomanyprofessionalhockeyplayersbornearlyintheyear?【F2】ItturnsoutthatCanadianYouthLeaguesgroupplayersbyage,basedonacalendaryear,soaplayerborninJanuarywillbetheoldestonhisteam,enjoyingabigdifferenceinsizeandmaturity.Theearlybirdsgetmoreplayingtimeandcoaching,advantagesthatbecomeself-reinforcing,spellingthedifferencebetweenaNationalHockeyLeaguecareerandajobasahigh-schoolcoach.Lifeisunfair.【F3】Similarly,Gladwellcalculatesthatthebestyearforasoftwaregeniustobebomwas1955—justoldenoughforthestartofthepersonal-computerrevolutioninthemid-1970s.ThatistheyearwhenBillGatesandSteveJobswereborn.Obviously,noteveryonebornthatyearbecameabillionaire;GatesandJobshaddistinctivetalents,buttheyalsohaduniqueopportunitiesgrowingup.Almostinvariably,Gladwellsays,geniusesaremade,notborn,anditwastheirfamilies,schoolsandsocietiesthatmadethem.【F4】AsevidenceGladwellbringstobearhisownhistory,asthesonofaJamaicanwomanoflimitedmeanswhowonascholarshiptostudyattheUniversityofLondon.HermarriagetoanEnglishmantherebeganthefamily'sascentintotheeducatedelite.Hemaintainsthathismotherwasthebeneficiaryofherownmother'sinitiativeandafavorableenvironment.Andsoareweall.Thereadershouldfeelfreetocitecounterexamples—Shakespeare,thesonofaprovincialtraderinhidesandgrain?Einstein,dreamingawayinanobscurepatentoffice?—youwon'tdiscomfortGladwell.【F5】Healwaysbuildsanargumentoutofabsorbinganecdotesandeye-openingstatistics,thenhappilymovesontohisnextpoint,leavingthereaderwithafainthintofbuyer'sremorseaboutthealmosttoo-perfectpackageofideas.Nootherwritertodaycanpullthissortofthingoffsowell.IfIhadn'tjustreadGladwell'sbook,I'dbejealousofhistalent,insteadofhisluck.11、【F1】标准答案：我们常把甲壳虫乐队的骄人成就归因于他们惊人的音乐天赋，然而，格拉德威尔却有着他独特的见解——天赋确实是取得成功的一个决定性因素，但是跟其他因素如运气相比，天赋的作用被过分夸大了。知识点解析：暂无解析12、【F2】标准答案：原来，在加拿大青少年曲棍球联队，球员的年龄以日历年来算，球队根据他们的年龄对其进行分组。因此1月份出生的球员在球队中年龄是最大的，他们在体格和成熟程度方面有很大的优势。知识点解析：暂无解析13、【F3】标准答案：同样，格拉德威尔推测软件才子出生的最佳年份应该是1955年——因为20世纪70年代中期，个人计算机革命才刚刚起步，而这些1955年出生的人此时正是风华正茂。知识点解析：暂无解析14、【F4】标准答案：为了更好地证明上述论点，格拉德威尔还摆出了自己的家史，他的母亲出生在_个财力有限的牙买加人家，她获取了奖学金有了到伦敦大学学习的机会。知识点解析：暂无解析15、【F5】标准答案：他经常利用引入人胜的趣闻以及令人瞠目的数据来论证他的观点，然后欢快地论述下一个观点，而读者就像一个买了东西的人那样，在读完他那套几近完美的理论之后不免产生一丝懊悔。知识点解析：暂无解析TheRomanticMovementemphasizedthecreativeartistratherthanthenaturalworldastheoriginofbeauty.【F1】AccordingtotheRomantics,itwasbyencounteringideasandfeelingscrystallizedinworksofartthatwecouldobtaintheonenesswiththeschemeofthingswhichtheEnlightenmentphilosophershadlookedforintheworksofnature.Theself-expressionoftheartistwasendowedwiththeauthorityofrevelation.Originalityratherthanconventionbecamethecriterionofartisticsuccess,andtheindividualtransgressionattainedavalueasgreatasanyobediencetosocialnorms.【F2】InourtimethisRomanticconceptionoftheartisthasbeentakentosuchextremesthatwenolongerknowwhetherartandbeautyhavemuchtodowithoneanother.Manypeopleconcludethatartisnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe,thatitisnotaboutthebeautiful,thegrandandthetranscendent,butthatitisaskilllikeanyotherandthatthegreatestpartoftheskillisself-advertisement.Todaypeoplearealittlemorecynicalthantheywere.Butthisisnotbecausetheyhavelosttheinterestinbeautyortheneedtoencounteritintheirdailylives.Theyhavelostfaithinartasawayofsupplyingthatneed.【F3】Thislossisapainfulone,forthereasonthatitisdifficulttoreturntothe18th-centuryloveofnatureinordertoenjoywhatwaspromisedbyart,namelysalvationfromthetrivialandaface-to-faceencounterwiththetruth.Nature,too,isnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe.Ithaslostitsformerstatusastheopenbookinwhichwecouldreadourselves.【F4】Yettheneedforbeautyremainssinceweseethisinalltheareaswherepeoplemakechoicesconcerningthewaythingslook,orfeelorsound.Peoplemayhavegivenuponart,andtheymaybeskepticaltowardsnaturalbeauty.Buttheystilldesigntheirownlives,searchingforagreementandforasharedsenseofwhatmattersandwhy.Thissearchforaestheticorderisnotjustaluxury;itisessentialtolifeinsociety.【F5】Itisonewayinwhichwesendoutsignalsofhumility,andshowthatwearenotjustanimalshuntingforourneedsbutcivilizedbeingswhowishtoliveatpeacewithourneighbors.Thatiswhyweadoptdresscodes;itiswhyweareguidedbytasteinourlanguage,inourgesturesandinourwaysoflookingatotherpeopleandinvitingthemintoourlives.16、【F1】标准答案：在浪漫主义者看来，只有通过感受艺术作品中凝聚的思想和情感，我们才能体会世间万物的同性。这种同一性正是启蒙运动哲学家曾试图在自然万物中发掘的。知识点解析：暂无解析17、【F2】标准答案：如今，浪漫主义派定义的艺术家的概念已经走得很极端，结果我们都不知道艺术和美之间是否还存在密切的联系。知识点解析：暂无解析18、【F3】标准答案：这种信念的丧失无疑是令人痛苦的，因为我们很难找回18世纪那种对自然的热爱以享受艺术盛宴，即“挣脱一切纷繁复杂，直面真理”。知识点解析：暂无解析19、【F4】标准答案：然而，人们依然需要美，当他们选择事物的形状、触感或声音的时候，我们就感受到了这一点。知识点解析：暂无解析20、【F5】标准答案：它展现了我们谦逊的态度，表明我们不仅仅只是寻求自身满足的动物，更是希望可以跟邻居和睦相处的文明人。知识点解析：暂无解析考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)Birth,growth,decline,death:itistheusualcycleforpeople,companiesandindustries.Butthestoryofviolin-makinginCremonainnorthernItaly,whichflourishedundersuchmastercraftsmenasAndreaAmati,GiuseppeGuarneriandAntonioStradivarifromthemid-16thcenturytotheearly18th,suggeststhat,forindustriesatleast,theremaybelifeafterdeath.Violin-makinginCremonastruggledthroughthe19thcenturyinthehandsofafewcarpenterswhoturnedoutlow-qualityinstruments.Bythe1950sithaddiedout,saysGioBattaMorassi,a73-year-oldmaestroliutaio(masterviolin-maker).Yettoday,inworkshopsoverlookingthecity'scobbledstreets,morethan100craftsmencutandplanemapleandsprucetomakestringinstruments—morethaninanyotherEuropeancity.Cremonaisonceagainthecapitalofhand-craftedinstruments.Anewschooltotraincraftsmenininstrument-makingopenedinCremonain1938,thoughwhenMr.Morassibeganhisstudiesin1950therewerejustsixstudentsonthecourse,ofwhomonlyoneotherwentontomakeinstruments.ButthisslightrevivalwassustainedbyagrowinginterestinBaroquemusicinnorthernEuropeinthe1960sand1970s,saysHildegardDodel,aGermanwhostudiedattheschool.ItcreatednewdemandforinstrumentsmadeinthetraditionalCremonesestyle.TodayItaliansareaminorityamongtheschool's150students;30areSouthKorean,26areJapanese,sixarefromChinaandthreefromTaiwan.Somewillsetupshopinthecity:MsDodelworkedforabouttenyearsrestoringandrepairinginstrumentsinGermanyandtheNetherlandsbeforereturningtoopenherownworkshopinCremonain2003.Instrument-makingisnotaneasylife."Ioftenthoughtofgivingup,"saysFrancescoToto,whomovedtoCremona17yearsagoandspecializesinmakingcellos.Woodisexpensive,mustbeseasonedproperlyandisatriskfromwoodworm;themapleforacellocostsaround€1,500,forexample.Mr.Totowasabletoraisehispricesafterwinningacompetition,buttomaintainqualityhemakesjustfourinstrumentsayear.Violin-makerscanproduceperhapsseventop-qualityinstrumentsayear.(CellosmadebyCremona'scraftsmentypicallycost€15,000-35,000,andviolins€8,000-20,000.)Havingcomebackfromthedead,Cremona'sinstrument-makers,likemanyothersinItalianindustries,hopethatanemphasisonquality,traditionandcraftsmanshipwillkeepcheaperforeignrivalsatbay.1、Thestoryofviolin-makinginCremonaimpliestheindustry_____.A、mayundergorevivalafteraperiodofdeathB、flourishedbecauseofthemastercraftsmenC、mayfollowthesamelifecycleaspeopleandcompaniesD、mayexperiencealongerlifethanotherindustries标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题。根据storyofvollin--making定位到第一段。其中讲到“克莱蒙娜的小提琴制作史告诉我们，死而复生也许真的存在”，故A项正确。2、FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatCremona_____.A、hasmoreinstrumentworkersthananyothercityB、hadmanycarpenterstomakeviolinsinthepastC、declinedbecauseofitscarpenters’poorhandcraftsD、oncewasthecapitalofhand-craftedinstruments标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段末尾提到克莱蒙娜的弦乐器制作数量超过欧洲任何一个城市，再一次成为了手工乐器之都，故D项“克莱蒙娜曾经为乐器制造之都”正确。3、HildegardDodelbelievedthat_____.A、therevivalofinstrument-makingwasslightandsustainableB、Baroquemusicstimulatedtherevivaloftheinstrument-makingC、peopleinEuropewerefondoftraditionalCremonesestyleD、Baroquemusicincreasedpeople’sinterestsinviolins标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干可以定位在第三段，其中讲述都朵认为“20世纪60和70年代，北欧的人们又重燃了对巴洛克音乐的兴趣，这为传统的克莱蒙娜乐器制作又创造了新一波的需求”，故B项与之相符。4、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?A、Italiansarelesseducatedbutmoreskilledeventoday.B、ManystudentsinthetrainingschoolcomefromEasterncountries.C、Italiansarelessinterestedintrainingcoursestraditionally.D、TraditionalCremonesestyleisnotpopulartoday.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段提到该校意大利人占少数；其中有30名韩国人，26名日本人，6名来自中国大陆，3名来自台湾，故B项“学校中有很多学生来自东方国家”与之相符。5、ManyItalianindustriestoday_____.A、havecomebackfromthedeadB、areatriskbecauseofthecheapforeignrivalsC、stillfocusonquality,traditionandcraftsmanshipD、wanttogiveupthedifficultinstrument-making标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。最后一段说到“像意大利其他行业的从业者一样，克莱蒙娜的乐器工匠希望其注重质量、传统和手工艺的产品能够将便宜的外国货挡在门外”，C项与之相符，故为答案。Startingthismonth,roughlyonequarteroftheworld'spopulationwilllosesleepandgainsunlightastheysettheirclocksaheadfordaylightsaving.Peoplemaythinkthatwiththetimeshift,theyareconservingelectricityotherwisespentonlighting.Butrecentstudieshavecastdoubtontheenergyargument—someresearchhasevenfoundthatitultimatelyleadstogreaterpoweruse.BenjaminFrankliniscreditedwithconceivingtheideaofdaylightsavingin1784toconservecandles,buttheU.S.didnotinstituteituntilWorldWarIasawaytopreserveresourcesforthewareffort.Thefirstcomprehensivestudyofitseffectivenessoccurredduringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,whentheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationfoundthatdaylightsavingtrimmednationalelectricityusagebyroughly1percentcomparedwithstandardtime.Scantresearchhadbeendonesince,duringwhichtimeU.S.electricityusagepatternshavechangedasairconditioningandhouseholdelectronicshavebecomemorepervasive,observeseconomistMatthewKotchenoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.Butlately,changestodaylightsavingpoliciesonstateandfederallevelshavepresentedinvestigatorsnewchancestoexplorethebefore-and-afterimpactsoftheclockshift.In2006Indianainstituteddaylightsavingstatewideforthefirsttime.Examiningelectricityusageandbillingsincethestatewidechange,KotchenandhiscolleagueLauraGrantunexpectedlyfoundthatdaylighttimeledtoa1percentoverallriseinresidentialelectricityuse,costingthestateanextra$9million.Althoughdaylighttimereducesdemandforhouseholdlighting,theresearcherssuggestthatitincreaseddemandforcoolingonsummereveningsandheatinginearlyspringandlatefallmornings.Notallrecentanalysessuggestthatdaylightsavingiscounterproductive.Insteadofstudyingtheimpactdaylightsavingchangeshadonjustonestate,senioranalystJeffDowdandhiscolleaguesattheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyinvestigatedwhateffectitmighthaveonnationalenergyconsumption,lookingat67electricutilitiesacrossthecountry.IntheirreporttoCongress,theyconcludethatthefour-weekextensionofdaylighttimesavedabout0.5percentofthenation'selectricityperday,or1.3trillionwatt-hoursintotal.Thatamountcouldpower100,000householdsforayear.Thestudydidnotjustlookatresidentialelectricityusebutcommercialuseaswell,Dowdsays.Thedisparitiesbetweenregionalandnationalresultscouldreflectclimatedifferencesbetweenstates."TheeffectwesawcouldbeevenworseinFlorida,whereairconditioningisusedheavily,"Kotchensuggests.6、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,daylightsaving_____.A、meanstosettheclockaheadworldwideB、wasproposedtosavematerialsforwareffortC、leadstosleeplessnessofmillionsofpeopleD、trimmedelectricityusageduringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。由第二段末句可知，20世纪70年代石油危机时实行夏时制导致用电量减少，故D项正确。7、Thestudyoftheeffectivenessofdaylightsaving_____.A、wasstartedbytheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationB、wasinitiatedbyBenjaminFranklinin1784tosaveelectricityC、wasrarelydoneastheelectricityusagepatternschangedD、needstobedonetohelpthegovernmentchangeitspolicies标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第二、三段。第三段提到，马修说“从那以后就很少有关于夏时制节能效果的研究了，那段时间美国的用电模式发生了变化”，故C项符合题意。8、WhateffectdiddaylightsavinghaveontheenergyconsumptionofIndiana?A、Itsaved1.3trillionwatt-hoursinfourweeks.B、Itreduceddemandforhouseholdlightingonlyinspring.C、Itresultedinanextra$9millioncostonelectricity.D、Itreduceddemandforcoolingandheatingallyeararound.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的Indiana可定位到第四段。根据研究人员的观察可知，印第安纳实行夏时制后，用电量增加，电费增长了900万美元，故C项正确。9、JeffDowdwouldmostprobablyagreethat_____.A、daylightsavinghasnegativeeffectsonenergysavingB、thefour-weekextensionofdaylighttimesavesmuchelectricityC、focusingontheeffectofdaylightsavingononestateisenoughD、acomprehensivestudyofdaylighttimenationwideisunnecessary标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的JeffDowd定位到最后一段。Dowd在全国范围内研究实行夏时制的用电量，发现全国平均用电量有所下降，故B项符合文意。10、Thetextintendstotellusthat_____.A、daylightsavingactuallycontributestonationwideelectricityconservationB、asstatesdifferinclimate,differentdaylightsavingpoliciesarenecessaryC、whetherdaylightsavingcansaveenergyornotstillneedsfurtherstudyD、studyofeffectivenessofdaylightsavingpoliciesshouldbeconductedregularly标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文开篇指出有些研究结果对夏时制的功效提出异议，作者介绍了相关研究，并最后得出结论：尽管某些州实行夏时制用电量上升，但在全国范围内还是下降的。故选A项。Itmaynotbeobvious,buthearingtwolanguagesregularlyduringpregnancyputsinfantsontheroadtobilingualismbybirth.AccordingtonewfindingsinPsychologicalScience,ajournaloftheAssociationforPsychologicalScience,infantsborntobilingualmothersexhibitdifferentlanguagepreferencesthaninfantsbomtomothersspeakingonlyonelanguage.PsychologicalscientistsKristaByers-HeinleinandJanetF.WerkerfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaalongwithTraceyBurnsoftheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentinFrancewantedtoinvestigatelanguagepreferenceanddiscrirninationinnewborns.Twogroupsofnewbornsweretestedintheseexperiments:Englishmonolinguals(whosemothersspokeonlyEnglishduringpregnancy)andTagalog-Englishbilinguals(whosemothersspokebothTagalog,alanguagespokeninthePhilippines,andEnglishregularlyduringpregnancy).Theresearchersemployedamethodknownas"high-amplitudesucking-preferenceprocedure"tostudytheinfants'languagepreferences.Thismethodcapitalizesonthenewborns'suckingreflex—increasedsuckingindicatesinterestinastimulus.Inthefirstexperiment,infantsheard10minutesofspeech,witheveryminutealternatingbetweenEnglishandTagalog.ResultsshowedthatEnglishmonolingualinfantsweremoreinterestedinEnglishthanTagalog—theyexhibitedincreasedsuckingbehaviorwhentheyheardEnglishthanwhentheyheardTagalogbeingspoken.However,bilingualinfantshadanequalpreferenceforbothEnglishandTagalog.Theseresultssuggestthatprenatalbilingualexposuremayaffectinfants'languagepreferences,preparingbilingualinfantstolistentoandlearnaboutbothoftheirnativelanguages.Tolearntwolanguages,bilingualnewbornsmustalsobeabletokeeptheirlanguagesapart.Totestifbilingualinfantsareabletodiscriminatebetweentheirtwolanguages,infantslistenedtosentencesbeingspokeninoneofthelanguagesuntiltheylostinterest.Then,theyeitherheardsentencesintheotherlanguageorheardsentencesinthesamelanguage,butspokenbyadifferentperson.Infantsexhibitedincreasedsuckingwhentheyheardtheotherlanguagebeingspoken.Theirsuckingdidnotincreaseiftheyheardadditionalsentencesinthesamelanguage.Theseresultssuggestthatbilingualinf