职称英语理工类a级模拟28

职称英语理工类A级模拟28

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Theadvertisingcompanywassurprisedbytheadversepublicreactiontothe

poster.

A.delayedB.quick

C.positiveD.unfavorable

2、ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksa

previousrecordofperformance.

A.beatsB.matches

C.maintainsD.announces

3、TheattackonFortSumternearCharlestonprovokedasharpresponsefrom

theNorth,whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

A.demandedB.elicited

C.extractedD.defied

4、Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.

A.unforgettableB.unbelievable

C.unfairD.unthinkable

5、Thetowersofasuspensionbridgeserveasarigidframeworktowhichthe

cablesareattached.

A.boundaryB.skeleton

C.enclosureD.material

6、Theuseofthechemicalmaypresentacertainhazardtothelaboratoryworkers.

A.protectionB.indication

C.immunityD.danger

7、Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A.errorB.function

C.attractionD.miracle

8、Thedevelopmentofthetransistorandintegratedcircuitsrevolutionized

theelectronicsindustrybyallowingcomponentstobepackagedmoredensely.

A.compactlyB.inexpensively

C.quickD.carefully

9、TheleadingastronomersofthesixteenthandseventeenthGentrieswere

fascinatedbycomets.

A.intriguedB.infected

C.inconveniencedD.inclined

10、Intheirproductions,choreographersofmoderndancehaveintroducedhumorz

protestedsocialinjustice,andprobedpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvedB.explored

C.involvedD.disputed

11>Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.

A.solveB.determine

C.untieD.complete

12>Thechildrentrembledwithfearwhentheysawthepoliceman.

A.weptB.cried

C,ranD.shook

13、WewereshockedtofindthatMarydid*tknowherguest*sname.

A.frustratedB.disturbed

C.relievedD.surprised

14>Ihavegottoabidebytherules.

A.sticktoB.persistin

C.safeguardD,apply

15>Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturneast.

A.extendsB.stretches

C.broadensD.travels

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

InventorofLED

WhenNickHolonyaksetouttocreateanewkindofvisiblelightingusing

semiconductoralloys,hiscolleaguesthoughthewasunrealistic.Today,his

discoveryof1ight-emi11ingdiodeszorLEDszareusedineverythingfromDVDs

toalarmclockstoairports.Dozensofhisstudentshavecontinuedhiswork,

developinglightingusedintrafficlightsandothereverydaytechnology.

OnApril23,2004,Holonyakreceivedthe$500,000Lemelson-MITPrizeat

aceremonyinWashington.Thismarksthe10thyearthattheLemelson-MITProgram

attheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasgiventheawardto

1

prominentinventors."Anytimeyougetanaward,bigorlittlezitsalways

asurprise."Holonyaksaid.

Holonyak,75zwasastudentofJohnBardeen,aninventorofthetransistor,

intheearly1950s.AftergraduateschoolzHolonyakworkedatBellLabs.He

laterwenttoGeneralElectric,whereheinventedaswitchnowwidelyused

inhousedimmerswitches.Later,Holonyakstartedlookingintohow

semiconductorscouldbeusedtogeneratelight.Butwhilehiscolleagueswere

lookingathowtogenerateinvisiblelight,hewantedtogeneratevisible

light.TheLEDsheinventedin1962nowlastabout10timeslongerthan

incandescentbulbs,andaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandcosteffective.

Holonyak,nowaprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandphysics

attheUniversityofIllinois,saidhesuspectedthatLEDswouldbecomeas

commonplaceastheyaretoday,butdidn*trealizehowmanyusestheywould

have.

"Youdon*tknowinthebeginning.Youthinkyou1redoingsomethingimportant,

youthinkit1sworthdoing,butyoureallycan11tellwhatthebigpayoff

isgoingtobe,andwhen,andhow.Youjustdon11know.nhesaid.

TheLemelson-MITProgramalsorecognizedEdithFlanigen,75,withthe

$100,000Lemelson-MITLifetimeAchievementAwardforherworkonanew

generationof"molecularsievesz"thatcanseparatemoleculesbysize.

16、Holonyak1scolleaguesthoughthewouldfailinhisresearchonLEDsat

thetimewhenhestartedit.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Holonyakbelievedthathisstudentsthatwereworkingwithhimonthe

projectwouldgettheLemelsonMITPrizesoonerorlater.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Holonyakwastheinventorofthetransistorintheearly1950s.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、HolonyakbelievedthatLEDswouldbecomeverypopularinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Holonyaksaidthatyoushouldnotdoanythingyouarenotinterestedin.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>EdithFlanigenistheonlyco-inventorofLEDs.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheLemelson-MITPrizehasahistoryofover100years.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段

选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

HowWeFormFirstImpression

1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweform

anopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher—aside

perhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits?

2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.

Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhow

aperson'seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyousee

himorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensory

information—thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincoming''signals'*are

comparedagainstahostof"memories“storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex（大

脑皮层）systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals"mean".

3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays"familiarand

safe".Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“new—potentiallythreatening".Thenyour

brainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother"known"memories.The

height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gesturesandtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themore

unfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,"Thisisnew.Idon'tlike

thisperson."Orelse,"Iamintrigued."Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebut

familiarclothes,ethnicity,gestures—likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:"Ilike

thisperson.'*Butthesepreliminary"impressions"canbedeadwrong.

4Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking（notunlike

theimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild）thatmakessimplisticandcategorical

impressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople—their

history,interests,values,strengths,andtruecharacter—wecategorizethemasjocks,

geeks,orfreaks.

5However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobe

awareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisor

herlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson'scharacter,weuseadifferent,

morematurestyleofthinking—andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallow

ustobehumane.

A.WaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressions

B.CommentonFirstImpression

C.IllustrationofFirstImpression

D.ComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemories

E.ThreateningAspectofFirstImpressions

F.DifferencesAmongJocks,GeeksandFreaks

23>Paragraph2.

24、Paragraph3.

25>Paragraph4.

26、Paragraph5.

A.astranger*slessmaturetypeofthinking

B.themostcomplexareasofourcortex

C.theimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchild

D.themeaningofincomingsensoryinformation

E.thesightsandsoundsoftheworld

F.anopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking

27、Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough.

28>Youinterpretbycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystored

inyourbrain.

29、Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking,which

issimilarto.

30、Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

PlantGas

Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethane（甲烷，沼气）for

decadesbuthadn1tregardedplantsasaproducer,notesFrankKeppler,a

geochemist（地球化学家）attheMaxPlanekInstituteforNuclearPhysicsin

Heidelberg,Germany.NowKepplerandhiscolleaguesfindthatplants,from

grassestotrees,mayalsobesourcesofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreally

surprising,becausemostscientistsassumedthatmethaneproductionrequires

anoxygen-freeenvironment.

Previously,researchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantsto

makesignificantamountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobes（微生物）

needtobeinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisa

greenhousegaszlikecarbondioxide.Gasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxide

trapheatinEarth1satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming.

InitsexperimentszKeppler*steamusedsealedchambers（室，房间；腔）that

containedthesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth1satmospherehas.They

measuredtheamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsand

driedplantmaterial,suchasfallenleaves.

Withthedriedplants,theresearcherstookmeasurementattemperatures

rangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC..At30degreesC.,theyfound,

agramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanograms（彳效克）ofmethane

perhour（Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.）.Withevery10-degreerise

intemperature,theamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled.

Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas

370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissions

tripled（增力口三倍）whenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight.

Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailable,it1sunlikelythatthetypes

ofbacteria（bacterium的复数，细菌）thatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.

Experimentsonplantsthatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresulted

inmethaneemissions.That1sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromthe

plantsandnotsoilmicrobes.

Thenewfindingisan"interestingobservation,"saysJenniferY.King,

abiogeochemist（生物地球化学家）attheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.

Becausesometypesofsoilmicrobesconsumemethane,theymayprevent

plant-producedmethanefromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneeded

toassesstheplant1sinfluence,shenotes.

31>Whatwasscientists1understandingofmethane?

A.Itwasproducedfromplants.

B.Itwasnotagreenhousegas.

C.Itwasproducedinoxygen-freeenvironments.

D.Ittrapsmoreheatthananyothergreenhousegas.

32、Totestwhetherplantsareasourceofmethane,thescientistscreated

A.aoxygen-freeenvironment

B.anenvironmentwiththesameconcentrationofoxygenastheEarthhas

C.acarbondioxide-freeenvironment

D.anenvironmentfilledwiththegreenhousegas

33、Whichstatementistrueofthemethaneemissionsofplantsintheexperiment?

A.Thelowerthetemperature,thehighertheamountofmethaneemissions.

B.Livingplantsreleaslessmethanethandriedplantsatthesame

temperature.

C.Whenexposedtosunlight,plantsstopreleasingmethane.

D.Thehigherthetemperaturezthegreatertheamountofmethaneemissions.

34、WhichofthefollowingaboutmethaneisNotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Plantsgrowinginsoilreleasemethane.

B.Plantsgrowinginwaterreleasemethane.

C.Soilmicrobesconsumemethane.

D.Microbesinplantsproducemethane.

35、Whatisthebeneficialpointofsomemicrobesconsumingplant-produced

methane?

A.Methanebecomeslesspoisonous.

B.Methaneisturnedintoafertilizer.

C.Lessmethanereachestheatmosphere.

D.Airbecomescleaner.

弟一m

SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?Findingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe

proceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheory

thatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhilethe

restofthebodyiscatchingzzz1s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrain

wavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectrical

activityemanating（散发）fromthesomato-sensory（耳、目、口等以夕卜的）neocortex

（新大脑皮层）（anareathatprocessessensoryinformation）andthehippocampus（海

马），whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthat

oscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.

So-calledsleepspindles（burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex）werefollowed

tensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.The

teampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystep

inmemoryconsolidation.

Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheproceedingsofthe

NationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohigh

glucoselevels.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetes（糖尿病，多尿

症）sufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvit

ofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30

peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,which

tendtoincreasewithagezaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientists

administeredrecalltestszbrainscans（细看，审视，》刘览，扫描）andglucose

tolerancetestszwhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromtheblood

bythebody1stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,the

teamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,

theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjects

betterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

"Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairment（损害、损伤）maycontributeto

thememorydeficits（赤字、不足额）thatoccuraspeopleage.HConvitsays.

"Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerance

couldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition."Exerciseandweight

controlcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck（阻止、制止）,sotheremaybeone

morereasontogotothegym.

36、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence

"Tosleep.Perchancetofile?"

A.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

B.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

C.Doesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?

D・Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

37、Whatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutat

RutgersUniversity?

A.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.

B.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemory

consolidation.

D.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysaprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.

38、Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedby

aresearchmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

B.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

C.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

D.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.

39、Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

A.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

C.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone*smemory.

D.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

40、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoing

tothegym?

A.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Tocontrolweight.

C.Toexercise.

D.Tocontrolglucoselevels.

Hurricane（飓风）Katrina

Ahurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotating（旋转的）formoftropicalstorm

thatcanbe124to1,240milesindiameter.Thetermhurricaneisderived

fromHurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypical

ofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween"12to60milesindiameter,

knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneof

thesecanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.

Theseedforhurricaneformationisacluster（聚集）ofthunderstormover

warmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surface

temperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.These

requirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernpartofthe

world.

Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporate（蒸发）and

condense（冷凝）intocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthis

heatenergy,combinedwiththerotationoftheEarth,thatdrivesahurricane.

Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,

itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawn

intothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoistairfromtheseasurface

inaprocessthatstrengthensthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheocean

surfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.

Initially,whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour,thesemild,wetand

greyweathersystemsareknownasdepressionszorlowairpressure.Hurricane

KatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesoutheasternBahamason23August2005,

KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUSzleaving

adisasterzoneof90z000squaremilesinitswake（尾迹）-almostthesizeof

theUK.Thousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillion

peoplehavebecomehomelessinahumanitarian(人道主义的)crisisofascale

notseenintheUSsincetheGreatDepression.Thecostofthedamagemay

top$100billion.

41>Theeyeofahurricanereferstoits.

A.lowerpart

B.rotatingpart

C.calmcentralpart

D.mostviolentpart

42、WhichofthefollowingisNOTa'*requirementnfortheformationofa

hurricane?

A.Calmsurroundingatmosphere.

B.Highairpressure.

C.Warmsea-surfacetemperature.

D.Agroupofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.

43、Whenthewarmairfromtheseasurfacebeginstorise,it.

A.createsanareaoflowpressure

B.suppliescoldairtotheeyeofahurricane

C.increasesthesea-surfacetemperature

D.strengthenstherotationoftheearth

44、Theword"impactn(paragragh5)couldbebestreplacedby.

A.Hfunction11.

B."pressure”.

C."disaster**.

D."effect".

45^WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothe

lastparagraph?

A.TheareaaffectedisalmostasbigastheUK.

B.Ithasleftadisasterzoneof90,000squaremiles.

C.Overhalfamillionpeoplehavebeenforcedtoleavetheirhomes.

D.ThiscrisisismoreseriousthanthatoftheGreatDepression.

第5部分：补全短文

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分

别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

TheArcticIceisThawing

FatherChristmasmayhavetomovehis"workshopnfromtheNorthPolebecause

globalwarmingisthawingtheicebeneathhisfeetandhisreindeers,feet

aswell.His'*workshop'*isindirestraits.The"platform11forthe"workshop"

ismelting,saidStefanNorrisoftheWorldWildlifeFundEnvironmentalGroup's

ArcticProgram.

Aneight-nationreportby250scientistspublishedrecentlypredictedthe

ArcticOceancouldbeice-freeinsummerby2100becauseofabuild-upof

beat-trappinggasesintheatmosphere,mainlyfromburningfossilfuelsin

carsorfactories.TheNorthPoleisgettingmoreandmoreinhabitableto

1

FatherChristmasz46.Youngpeoplelearnthat,FatherChristmas"workshop"

producesmillionsofgiftsdeliveredbyhimonaflying,reindeer-drawnsleigh.

Hollywoodmovieslike11ThePolarExpress11triedtomakeviewersbelievethat

FatherChristmaslivesattheNorthPole.47.

ThenFortressofSolitude"isneartheNorthPolethatcouldbeunderthreat

inawarmerworld.JanBoldt,spokesmanoftheDanishMinistryofScience,

suggestedwaystorescueFatherChristmas.48.Anotheralternativezheargued,

wouldbebuildingsomeelectricalfacilitiestoensuretheicestaysonthe

NorthPoleforhim."Thisshould