职称英语卫生类a级模拟50

职称英语卫生类A级模拟50

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的

4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted

2、Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild

3、Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting

4、Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buy-C.useD.sell

5、Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume

6、JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.

A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD・arguing

7、Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.

A.strengthenB.controlC,abandonD.exercise

8、Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling

9、Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.

A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved

10>Allthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.

A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts

11>Theparentsalwaysrestraintheirdaughterfromswimminginthenearbypool.

A.allowB.reduceC.preventD.confine

12>Thiskindofanimalsisonthevergeofextinction.

A.dyingofB.dyingoutC.dyingoffD.dyingaway

13>Theyareendeavoringtoreformthepresentrules.

A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making

[4、Hefinallysucceededincarryingouthisplanowingtohishard-working.

A.dealingwithB.adaptingtoC.copingwithD.dueto

15、Hisideatosolvetheproblemisreallyoriginal.

A.creativeB.greatC.practicalD.perfect

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

BeyondthePap

Scientistshaveknownforsometimethatvirtuallyallcasesofcervical

canceraretriggeredbyafamilyofvirusescalledhumanpapillomaviruszor

HPV.MostwomenwhobecomeineffectedwithHPVareabletoshakeoffthevirus

andsuffernoapparentlong-termconsequencestotheirhealth.Butafewwomen

developapersistentinfectionthatcan,forreasonsthatarenotentirely

clear,eventuallyleadtocancerouschangesinthecervix.

NowresearchersattheDigeneCorpofBeltsville,Maryland,havedeveloped

atestthatdetectsanactiveHPVinfectionbylookingforitsgeneticbyproducts

inthevagina.TheHPVtestwasbetterthanthestandardPaptestatfinding

cervicalcanceratanystagezaccordingtotwostudiespublishedthismonth

intheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.Sofar,sogood.

Unfortunately,thetest*sfalse-positiverate-howoftenitindicatedthat

therewasaproblemwhennoneexistedwasalmosttwiceashighasthatfor

thePapsmear.Inthesecases,abiopsyofthewoman*scervixshowednosign

ofdisease.

Andthat1sthecruxoftheproblem.Howmanywomenshouldundergowhat

iszwhenitcomesrightdowntoitzunnecessarytreatmenttofindafewmore

casesofcervicalcancer?Shouldn*thealthofficialsfocusinsteadonmaking

surethatmorewomenundergoregularPap-smearexaminations?Afterall,Pap

smears,thoughfarfromperfectzhavehelpeddramaticallylowerthedeath

tollfromcervicalcancertakingitfromtheNo.1causeofdeathduetocancer

inAmericanwomentothe10th.

ComplicatingmattersisthefactthatHPVisaverycommoninfection.In

somepartsoftheU.S.asmanyashalfofallwomenunderage35haveanactive

case.Yet99outof100womenwhoareHPV-positivewillnevergetcervical

cancer,estimatesDr.JoannaCain,vicepresidentoftheAmericanCollege

ofObstetriciansandGynecologists."Ifthose99womenlivetheirlivesas

ifthey*regoingtodevelopcancern,shesays,"we1renotnecessarilydoing

themanygood.n

Atpresent,theHPVtestisapprovedintheU.S.onlytohelpresolve

ambiguousresultsfromaPap-Smeartest.ManygynecologistsbelievethatHPV

willeventuallyreplacethepap.Butthey1renotwillingtoabandonitwithout

alotmoredetailedinformationandneithershouldyou.

16、ThecauseofcervicalcancerwasdiscoveredbyAmericanscientistssome

timeago.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>OnlyafewcasesofHPVinfectionwillleadtocancerouschangesinthe

cervix.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>TheHPVtestwasbetterthanthestandardPaptestineveryaspect.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Papsmearshavecontributedtothepromotionofhealthofmanywomen.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、CervicalcancerusedtobetheNo.1killercancertowomeninAmerica.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Dr.Cainisagainstalarmingthemajorityofwomenwho,thoughHPV-positive,

areunlikelytodevelopcervicalcancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheauthoralsobelievesthatHPVwilleventuallyreplacethePap.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为

第1〜4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正

确选项，分别完成每个句子。

HowWeFormFirstImpression

1.Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydo

weformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthim

orher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.

2.Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareofthe

world.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminor

1

differenceinhowapersonseyes,earsznose,ormouthareplacedinrelation

toeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifference.Infact,yourbrain

continuouslyprocessincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsof

yourworld,theseincoming"signals"arecomparedagainstahostof"memories"

storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthese

newsignals"mean".

3.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsaysHfamiliar

andsafe".Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,"new-potentially,threatening".

Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother"known"

memories.Theheightzweight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoice

areallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicszthemoreyour

brainmaysay,"Hisisnew.Idon11likethisperson11.Orelse,“工，mintrigued".

Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,

gestures-likeyourotherfriends；soyourbrainsays："工likethisperson".

Butthesepreliminary"impressions"canbedeadwrong.

4.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(not

unliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplistic

andcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthand

breadthofpeople—theirhistory,interestzvalueszstrengths,andtrue

character—wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.

5.However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachance

tobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,

hearabouthisorherlife,hopeszdreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson*s

character,weuseadifferentzmorematurestyleofthinking—andthemost

complexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.

23、A.AFairlyNewDevelopment

B.ClassicsofScienceFiction

C.DifficultyinKeepingAheadofScientificAdvances

D.OriginsofScienceFiction

E.ThemesofModernScienceFiction

Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

27>A.concernedwiththeproblemstosolveinthefuture

B.tokeepaheadofscientificadvances

C.implication

D・acurrenttheme

E,readworldwide

F,arecurrenttheme

Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough.

28>Youinterpretbycomparingincominginformationagainstthememories

alreadystoredinyourbrain.

29、Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking,which

issimilarto.

30、Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从

每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight

Youhearthis："Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.HYoufeel

sad：nIskipmybreakfastandsupper.工runeverymorningandevening.What

elsecanIdo?"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,

determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.

AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperiments

that,H80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese(月巴月半的)parentsbecomeobese,

ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsof

normalweight.n

Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Wellz

dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,

aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.

Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermore

than10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,

theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising：bymetabolic（新陈

代谢的）measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedlike

theywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodor

breakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed；someweresuicidal.

Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweight

reductiondoesn'tresultinnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresembling

thatofstarvednon-obesepeople.

Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite：Theyhavetomakeagreat

efforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisoners

tovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchasthey

could.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.But

monthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.

Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithout"hopeincontrolling

theirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantly

battletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheir

weight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhought

wastrue—eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeas

muchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60—69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoing

aboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsby

feelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightback

totherangeitseeks.

31>Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatourweightisdeterminedby

A.oureatinghabitB.ourlifestyle

C.ourworkhabitD.ourgenes

32、InJulesHirsch1sstudy,thesubjects

A.showednohealthproblemB.gainedweightrapidly

C.wereallveryshortD.livedonlyonliquidfood

33、Afterleavingthehospital,theeightfatpeople.

A.attemptedsuicideB.werebacktonormalweight

C•wentmadD.followedtheadviceofHirsch*s

34、InEthanSimsstudy,thesubjectswereaskedto.

A.stayinprisonB.eatasmuchastheycould

C.battletheirgeneticinheritanceD.lowertheirweight

35、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Eachpersonwantstoeattohisheart1scontent.

B.Eachpersonhasaweightrangeof9kg.

C.Eachpersonhasanaturalweightrange.

D.Eachpersonwantstocontrolhisweight.

弟一^扁

Diabetes（糖尿病）andEyeDamage

Over2millionCanadianshavediabetes.Itistheleadingcauseofblindness

inNorthAmericansunder65yearsofage.Diabetesisaconditionwherethe

bodyeithercannotproduceenoughinsulin（胰岛素）orcannotrespondproperly

toinsulin.Insulinisimportantbecauseitmovesglucose（葡萄糖）,asimple

sugar,intothebody1scellsfromtheblood.Thefoodpeopleeatprovides

thebodywithglucose,whichisusedbythecellsasasourceofenergy.If

insulinisn*tavailableordoesn*tworkcorrectlytomoveglucosefromthe

bloodintothecells,glucosewillstayintheblood,leadingtohighblood

sugarlevels.

Highbloodsugarlevelsdamagethebloodvesselszincludingthetinyblood

vesselsintheeye.Thisleadstoaneyediseaseknownasdiabeticretinopathy

（糖尿病型视网膜病）・Theretina（视网膜）isanareaatthebackoftheeyethat

changeslightintonervesignals.Withdiabeticretinopathy,somebloodvessels

intheretinaarelostzandsomeoftheotherbloodvesselsbeginto"leak"

blood.Thiscausestheretinatoswellandgraduallycutsoffitssupplyof

oxygenandnutrients（滋养物）.Eventually,theretinastartstogrownewblood

vesselstoreplacethedamagedones.Unfortunately,thesenewvesselsare

notasstrongastheoldones.Theyaremorelikelytobreak,causingbleeding

intheeye.

Atfirst,peoplewithdiabeticretinopathywillnotnoticeanysymptoms.

Asthediseasegetsworseztheymaynoticeblurred（模糊的）vision,blackspots

orflashinglights.Astimegoeson,itcanprogresstoblindness.

Everyonewithdiabetesisatriskfordiabeticretinopathy,andtherisk

increasesthelongeryou*vehaddiabetes.

Fortunately,youcanreduceyourriskifyoudonothavediabetes,but

thinkyoumaybeatriskforthiscondition.Visityourdoctortobescreened

fordiabetes.Ifyoudohavediabetes：havefrequenteyecheck-ups.

Makesurethatyoumonitoryourbloodsugarfrequentlyanduseyour

medicationsasrecommendedbyyourdoctor.Thereisevidencetoshowthat

keepingyourbloodsugarundertightcontrolcanslowdowneyedamage.If

youhavehighbloodpressure,followyourrecommendeddietandmedications

tokeepitundercontrol.Ifyouarenotsurewhetheryouhavehighblood

pressure,orwhetheryourbloodpressureisundercontrol,discussthiswith

yourdoctor.

36、Glucosecannotbeturnedintoenergyinthebody

A.withoutdiabetesB.withoutsugar

C.withoutinsulinD.withoutfood

37>Theword"its"inthesecondparagraphrefersto.

A.thenerve1sB.theblood*sC.theeye1sD.theretina1s

38、Withdiabeticretinopathy,thedamagedbloodvesselsintheretina.

A.arestrongerthanwhattheyusedtobe

B.cannotbeproperlyreplaced

C.aremorelikelytobreakthanthenewones

D.mayreturntonormalagain

39、Theworsteyedamageinducedbydiabetesis.

A.blurredvisionB.blackspotsC.blindnessD.flashinglights

40、Toslowdowneyedamagezpeoplewithdiabetesshouldtryto.

A.useasmanymedicationsastheycan

B.eataslittleaspossible

C.wearglassesasoftenaspossible

D.keeptheirbloodsugarundertightcontrol

第—二答

"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwill

beabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandoned

farmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiological

Sciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,could

bemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbythe

BiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncilztoestablishwhich

genesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreed

thiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公顷）ofagricultural

landarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨碍生长）plants.

Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicszmangroves（红树

林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawater

havebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecaused

thewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）inLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheatz

leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.

Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewater

theyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplants

thattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthat

donotaffecttheplants*growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthese

characteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvests

beforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,Flowersand

Yeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsand

plants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloom

again,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

B.Theyarericebreeders.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

42、FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme.

A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollution

B.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil

C.tobreedriceplantsthattastesalty

D.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

inthepassage?

A.Naturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind

44、Theword"affect"inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby.

A.ninfluence"B."effect11C."stop11D."present11

45、Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis.

A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent

第5部分：补全对话

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组

文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

AmericanDreams

ThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters：theUSis

alandofextremeswherethebestofthingsarejustaseasilyfoundasthe

worst.Thisisacliche（陈词7监调）.

Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofind

someofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.Butthe

AmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone.46Noclasssystemorgovernment

standsintheway.

Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.Overthepastfewdecadesthere

hasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.

Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened.47

Overthepast25years