2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》全真模拟卷一

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》全真模拟卷一材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题ofallthesubstancespeopleintoxicatethemselveswith,al（江南博哥）coholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthemostharm.Manyillegaldrugsaremoredangeroustothosewhousethem,butarerelatively1toobtain,whichlimitstheir2.3,alcoholisomnipresent,sofarmorepeoplesuffer4itsadverseeffects.NoWesterncountryhas5alcoholsinceAmericaabolishedProhibitionin1933.Itispopularandeasytoproduce.Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars.In-recentyearsgovernmentshavebegun6otherdrugs.7,tolimittheharmcausedbyalcohol,stateshavetriedtodiscouragepeoplefromdrinking,usingtaxes,awarenesscampaignsand8onwhere,whenandtowhomalcoholis9.Thealcoholindustryhaspitcheditselfaspartofthe10.InBritainmorethan100producersandretailershave11a"responsibilitydeal"andpromisedto"helppeopletodrinkwithinguidelines",mostlybybuyingadspromotingmoderation.However,ifthesecampaignswere12,theywouldruintheirsponsors'finances.AccordingtoresearchersfromtheInstituteofAlcoholStudies,athink-tank,andtheUniversityofSheffield,sometwo-fifthsofalcohol13inBritainisinexcessoftherecommendedweeklymaximumof14units(aboutoneglassofwineperday).Industryexecutivessaytheywantthepublicto"drinkless,butdrinkbetter",meaningfewer,fancierliquor.Butpeoplewouldneedtopay22-98%moreperdrinkto14therevenuelossthatsuchasteepdropinconsumptionwouldcause.Health15havetakennoteofsucharithmetic.SomenowwonderifLiquorGiantis16initseffortsto17alcoholabuse.In2018America'sNationalInstitutesofHealthstoppeda$100mstudyof18drinking,whichwaspartlyfundedbyalcoholfirms,19itsdesignwasbiasedintheirproducts'favour.AndthisyeartheWorldHealthorganizationandEngland'spublic-healthauthoritybannedtheirstafffromworkingwiththeindustry.Producersarereadytofend20regulators.In1999alcoholfirmsinvestedhalfasmuchonlobbyinginAmericaastobaccofirmsdid.Todaytheyspend31%more.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1题答案是A.hardB.severeC.easyD.likely正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药物对其使用者来说更加危险，但由于相对_____获得，本段首句是主旨句，提到alcoholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthemostharm(酒精受到的限制最少，造成的危害却最大)，空格处的主语为违禁药品，移栽与酒精进行对比，证明酒精危害比违禁药品大。虽然违禁药品更危险，但是危害不如酒精大，因为违禁药品的获取难度大。A正确。查看材料2.【完形填空】第2题答案是A.incidenceB.impactC.inferenceD.issue正确答案：B参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药品对其使用者来说更危险，但由于相对较难获取，其限制它的_____.

结合前后句逻辑关系，由于违禁药品难以获得，因此其危害或者不良影响受到限制。B正确。查看材料3.【完形填空】第3题答案是A.InreturnB.IneffectC.InvainD.Incontrast正确答案：D参考解析：第一段是酒与违禁物品的对比，违禁药品更加危险，但是较难获取，酒无处不在，所以更多人收到了不良影响。两者进行了一个对比、比较。Incontrast“相比之下”有对比之意，故为正确选项。查看材料4.【完形填空】第4题答案是A.byB.intoC.fromD.over正确答案：C参考解析：翻译：相比之下，酒精无处不在，目前，受其不良作用影响的人也就更多。这个题是固定搭配。suffer....from意为“遭受”。C正确。查看材料5.【完形填空】第5题答案是A.bannedB.fundedC.grantedD.allowed正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：自1933年美国废除禁酒令以来，没有一个西方国家______酒.通过AmericaabolishProhubition可知，应该是没有哪一个西方国家禁止酒，banned(禁止)符合句意。查看材料6.【完形填空】第6题答案是A.legalizingB.allocatingC.restrictingD.checking正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：近年来，各国政府已开始将其他药物_____.上一句Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars，所以今年来，应该是使其合法。A正确。查看材料7.【完形填空】第7题答案是A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Otherwise正确答案：C参考解析：该句空格处需要填写一个逻辑副词，来体现该句与上句之间的逻辑关系，上一句是各国政府已经开始将其他药物合法化，后一句是为了减少酒精带来的危害，所以应该是转折的instead。C正确。查看材料8.【完形填空】第8题答案是A.subjectsB.limitsC.consequencesD.strategies正确答案：B参考解析：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图劝人们不要喝酒推知，各国对于酒精的限制是比较严格的。四个选项中只有选项limits(限制)符合句意，故为正确选项。查看材料9.【完形填空】第9题答案是A.boughtB.neededC.purchasedD.sold正确答案：D参考解析：翻译：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图通过征税、开展宣传活动以及限制酒的_____地点、时间和销售对象来劝人们不要喝酒.

上下文可推知，各国限制了购买酒精的条件。特别需要注意的是towhomalcoholis

中的被动语态以及定语从句。

sold(销售)可构成搭配sellsth．tosb．(将某物卖给某人)符合句意。查看材料10.【完形填空】第10题答案是A.causeB.studyC.solutionD.qualification正确答案：C参考解析：翻译：酒业将自身定位为_____的一部分.后面描述了英国生产商和零售商的一些举措来告诫公众适度饮酒，可知酒业积极参与到政府推行的劝人们不要喝酒的一系列行动中。四个选项中只有选项solution(解决方案)符合句意。查看材料11.【完形填空】第11题答案是A.releasedB.noticedC.keptD.signed正确答案：D参考解析：翻译：在英国，一百多家生产商和零售商____了一份“责任书”，承诺“帮助人们按照指导方针饮酒.酒业将自身定位为解决方案的一部分可推知酒精的生产商和零售商着手解决问题，同意履行责任与义务。Dsigned与责任书搭配、D正确。查看材料12.【完形填空】第12题答案是A.effectiveB.riskyC.idleD.familiar正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：然而，如果这些活动真的_____的话，它们会损害广告赞助商的收入.一百多家零售商承诺帮助人们按指导方针饮酒，这个活动跟赞助商的收入受损害是因果关系，如果赞助商的收人受到损害，那么就说明人们对酒的购买力下降，即适度饮酒的宣传产生了效果。A正确。查看材料13.【完形填空】第13题答案是A.hadB.consumedC.usedD.provided正确答案：B参考解析：翻译：在英国，约有五分之二的饮酒人的_____超出了每周建议饮酒量的上限，即14个单位(大约每天一杯酒).空格填写动词，表明五分之二的人每天喝了超过一杯酒。consumed(消耗)符合句意。查看材料14.【完形填空】第14题答案是A.makeupforB.makeforC.makefromD.makeoff正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：但是，人们需要为每一杯酒多支付22％到98％的钱，以_____急剧下降的消费总额所造成的收入损失.前一段酒业高管希望公众少喝酒，喝好酒，每杯就多出百分之22到98的钱，来弥补消费总额减少带来的损失。所以A正确。查看材料15.【完形填空】第15题答案是A.advocatesB.criticsC.observersD.officials正确答案：D参考解析：翻译：卫生______已经注意到了这笔帐.此空格需要结合本段其它句子中的主语解题，语分别是some(一些人)、America'sNationalInstitutesofHealth、WorldHealthOrganization，本段的主体为监管民众卫生的相关机构。所以空格处填写official官员，D正确。查看材料16.【完形填空】第16题答案是A.ambitiousB.sincereC.experiencedD.civilized正确答案：B参考解析：ambitious有野心的、有雄心的sincere真诚的、诚挚的expericence经历、感受civilize教化、使有教养空格处的填空是酒业大公司对人们不要酗酒的态度，是不是真的努力了，通过后文可知由于酒业公司资助的研究偏袒其产品，因此其诚意受到了人们的质疑，所以B“真诚的”正确。查看材料17.【完形填空】第17题答案是A.distractB.displayC.distinguishD.discourage正确答案：D参考解析：翻译：现在，一些人想知道酒业巨头是否真的在努力_____人们酗酒.上一段提到，酒业着手处理酒精所导致的问题，打算通过广告宣传等方式帮助人们适度饮酒。同时酒业高管们说，他们希望公众“少喝酒，喝好酒”，然后后文又提到了美国研究院停止了一想适度饮酒的研究，因为其设计偏袒酒业公司。由此可知，本句要表达的意思是酒业巨头是否真的努力阻止人们酗酒。D正确。查看材料18.【完形填空】第18题答案是A.normalB.unusualC.moderateD.extreme正确答案：C参考解析：翻译：2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的_____饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助.上一段曾提到酒业公司帮助人们按指导方针饮酒的具体做法：bybuyingadspromotingmoderation(通过购买宣传适度饮酒的广告)，由此可知，酒业公司一直致力于让人们适度饮酒。C正确。查看材料19.【完形填空】第19题答案是A.unlessB.untilC.becauseD.though正确答案：C参考解析：翻译：2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的适度饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助，_____其设计偏袒这些公司的产品。

空格处填写连词表示前后两句话之间的关系。“研究院停止由酒业公司资助的研究”与“研究偏袒酒业公司”是结果和原因关系，所以C正确。查看材料20.【完形填空】第20题答案是A.forB.offC.onD.with正确答案：B参考解析：fendoff固定搭配：抵御，符合句意，故为正确选项。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题AfteryearsofmurmuringforchangeinUSeducation,theCOVID-19pandemicisbecomingacatalystforimprovingthesystem.America'seducationaldivideisnowclearlyvisibleforanyonetosee.Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingsomuchsocialunrest.Whethertheycomefrompoorinner-cityneighborhoodsorthesuburbs,theleast-educatedAmericanshavebeenthehardesthitbythepandemicanditseconomiceffects.Fortunately,economistThomasSowellhasofferedasolution.Inhisnewbook,CharterSchoolsandTheirEnemies,heshowsthatschoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide,providingsorelyneededchoice,opportunity,andcompetition.Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpubliclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.Butcriticsofcharterschoolswouldlistmanyreasons,butthemainone,Sowelllaments,isthatpublicschoolssimplydonotwantthecompetition.WilltheCOVID-19crisisfinallychangethings?Therearealreadypositivesignsthatithas.Lastmonth,USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrentoalternativeschools.Butmosttelling,perhaps,isthefactthatmanyfamiliesandindividualsarecomingupwiththeirownsolutions.Considerthesuddenblossomingofpandemiclearning"pods",whereinparentsgettogether,findteachers,andformaclassforkidsintheneighborhood.Ofcourse,learningpodsalreadyhaveenemiesoftheirown,withcriticscomplainingthatthepracticeisunfair,harmfulfortraditionalschools,oravailableonlytothosewhocanaffordtohireteachers.Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.Stampingoutnewideasisnottheanswer.thestruggleoverpandemic-eraeducationisquicklymovingtostatehouses.InJune,aspartofthenewstatebudget,CalifornialawmakerspassedSenateBill98,whichrestrictsper-studentstatefundingforcharterandpublicschoolsatlastyear'sfundinglevels.Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.Howisthisgoingtoaffecttheeducationofchildren?Onlyifweallfocussquarelyonthisquestion,thepandemic'slong-termimpactoneducationcouldturnouttobehighlybeneficial.查看材料21.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph1,America'seducationaldivide______A.resultspartlyfromsocialinequalitiesB.iswiderinurbanareasthaninthesuburbsC.wasbarelyvisiblebeforethepandemicD.hascontributedtosocialdisorder正确答案：D参考解析：Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingsomuchsocialunrest.教育质量与可及性的悬殊对经济、社会和种族不平等现象推波助澜，进而导致如此多的社会动荡。D正确。查看材料22.【阅读理解PartA】ThomasSowellbelievesthatcharterschools_____A.shouldbegivengreaterautonomyB.helppromoteeducationalequalityC.willsqueezeoutpublicschoolssoonD.aremoreexam-orientedthanpublicschools正确答案：B参考解析：schoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide比公立学校有着更多自主权和灵活性的学校正在填补教育鸿沟，Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpubliclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.然后通过数据对比，特许学校的学生在标准化学业考试中取得的成绩远比传统公立学校的学生优秀。B正确。查看材料23.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph3,theCOVID-19crisishaspromptedthegovernmentto_____A.aidunderprivilegedstudentsinschoolchoiceB.expandstudentenrollmentsinpublicschoolsC.improvetheeducationqualityofpublicschoolsD.injectgenerousfundingintotraditionalschools正确答案：A参考解析：USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrentoalternativeschools.介绍奖学金专款和法案用以说明：两者均指向“为低收人家庭学生提供经济援助，帮助其择校入学”，由此可知A正确。查看材料24.【阅读理解PartA】Thecriticismoflearningpodsismentionedtoshow_______A.itspotentialrisktowidentheeducationaldivideB.thedifficultytopromoteinnovationsineducationC.thenecessityofbroaderaccesstoqualityeducationD.theneedfortougherregulationintheeducationsector正确答案：C参考解析：Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.有人批评学习舱不利于传统学校，只适用于富裕家庭，这反而说明了普及高质量教育的重要性，教育上的创新不应被扼杀。由此可知，作者提及对学习舱的批评，是为了强调大面积普及高质量教育的必要，C正确。查看材料25.【阅读理解PartA】Theauthor'sattitudetowardSenateBill98canbedescribedas________A.supportiveB.tolerantC.disappointedD.ambiguous正确答案：C参考解析：Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.作者是支持高质量教学的，但是州参议院的法案限制了特许学校招生规模，并且有可能令低收入家庭学生(难以进入特许学校，从而)沦为受害者，由此可知，作者对该法案持负面态度，C正确。背景材料材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.ThiswastheviewoftheChiefExecutiveOfficer,Lekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,whilespeakingontheside-linesoftheWorldEconomicForum'syearlymeetingatDavos.Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission."Itispossibletokeepanoilandgascompanysustainable.Thefirstthingwehavegottodoistostopdenyingthatthereisanissue."Indeed,thereisanissue,Akinyanmisaid."Thechangeoverfromfossilfueltoalternativeenergyorcleanerfuelsisamulti-decadeorprobablymulti-centurything.Thefossilfuelindustrywillstillberelevant.Whatweneedtodoistofigureoutwaystoberesponsibleinthefossilfuelproductionandconsumptionprocess."Historically,alotoffossilfuelcompanieshaveproducedoilandflaredthegas.Butitisactuallythegasthatismoreefficient.It'sfriendliertotheenvironment,soweneedtoshiftourattentionthere.FromourperspectiveasLekoiloneofthethingsthathelpsusisthat,agoodchunkofourportfolioisactuallygassoweareactuallywellonourway.Energyanalystssuggestthattherenewableenergymarketwillgrowatacumulativeaveragegrowthrateof7.6%between2020and2025toreach3,812gigawattsby2025.Risinginvestmentandimprovementintechnologyhasseenadrasticimprovementinrenewableenergyoutput.Between2020and2025,theUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountriesarescalingupinvestmentsinrenewableenergy.However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis.Unfortunately,Ithinkthereisalotofbrinkmanship.Weactuallydoneedanenergymixtosolvetheworld'senergyproblems.Intheinterimtherewillbediscontinuities,thependulumwillswingbothways.Butitisshort-sightedtojustignorethefossilfuelindustryandmovetotherenewableenergyindustryorviceversa.Weneedaportfoliothatmixesbothenergysources,"Akinyanmisaid.查看材料26.【阅读理解PartA】ByreferringtotheviewofLekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,theauthorintendsA.tobringupthetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyB.toexplainwhyrenewableenergyarebetterthanfossilfuelsC.topayspecialattentiontotheChiefExecutiveofficerD.toemphasizetheimportanceofrenewableenergy正确答案：A参考解析：Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.在达沃斯世界经济论坛年度会议分会上发表的观点，即在可再生能源能够成为全球主要能源之前，各国必须在过渡期间创造性地补充化石燃料和可再生能源的使用。由此可见引出了thetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy，A正确。查看材料27.【阅读理解PartA】WhichthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Itispossibletoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanerfuelsnow.B.Fossilfuelsaremoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Environmentalistsholdthatfossilfuelsproducegreenhousegas.D.Theperfectsourceofrenewableenergyhasbeenfound.正确答案：C参考解析：Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission.在其全球范围内，要求减少化石燃料的呼声越来越高，环境保护主义者已将其归咎于温室气体排放，也就是说环保主义者认为化石燃料会产生温室气体。C正确。查看材料28.【阅读理解PartA】ItcanbeseenfromtheavailablestaticsinParagraph3thatA.Indiahasbeenthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergygloballyB.thetoptwocountriesleadingtherenewableenergymarketsareinAsiaC.thedevelopedcountrieshavebenefitedmostfromrenewableenergyD.Indiahasrankedthehighestinitsgrowthrateofrenewableenergy正确答案：B参考解析：However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.

亚太地区成为全球增长最快的可再生能源市场，在亚太地区，中国和印度成了领先的可再生能源市场，所以可再生能源市场上的两个领先的国家是亚洲的中国和印度，故选项B为正确答案。

查看材料29.【阅读理解PartA】TheauthorsattitudetowardsenergyindustryisA.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scared正确答案：A参考解析：Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis作者对于如今能源形势的态度，属于观点态度题，从最后一段可知，作者认为虽然目前有各种各样的状况，比如边缘政策等，但是只要我们合理处理两种能源的关系，我们会度过能源危机，所以作者对于能源行业仍然是充满希望的，是乐观的，故选项A为正确答案。查看材料30.【阅读理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FossilFuelsMayBetheBestSourceofEnergyGloballyB.WaysofContinuingUsingFossilFuelsAstheMajorSourceofEnergyC.FossilFuels,RenewableEnergyWillContinuetoPlayComplementaryRolesD.FossilfuelsGoingNowhere,RenewableEnergyGoingEverywhere正确答案：C参考解析：文章第一段通过首席执行官Akinyanmi的话引出化石燃料和可再生能源这个话题，然后对世界能源问题进行了探讨，最后得出了我们解决世界能源问题应该采取的方式。目前这个阶段，两种能源还是一种互补关系，所以我们还需要合理处理好两种能源之间的关系，由此可知，选项C为正确答案。材料题根据以下材料，回答31-35题Forthoseseekingtohelptheworst-offinpoorcountries,themobilephonehasbeenamagicwand.Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financialinclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphonebutnobankaccount.Buttheyhavedownsidestoo.Themostobviouswaydigitalfinancialservicesharmpoorpeopleisbylayingthemmoreopentofraud.Researchfrom2016citedinanewreportbytheConsultativeGrouptoAssistthePoor(CGAP),aconsortiumofdonorsaffiliatedtotheWorldBank,foundthatinthePhilippines83%ofpeoplesurveyedhadbeentargetsofmobile-phonescams,with17%losingmoney.InTanzania,27%hadbeentargetedand17%fleeced；inGhana,56%and12%.Forthemostbasicdeceptions,athiefneedsonlyaphonenumber.Atextmessagemightoffercongratulationsonwinningaprize,requiringonlyasmallcontributiontounlockit.Youridentitymightbestolentomakeyouresponsibleforrepayingaloandisbursedtosomebodyelse.Animpersonatormightstealyourmobile-moneyaccountwhenregisteringanewSIMcard.Oryouraccount'ssecuritycode—thepin—mightbeleakedbyamobile-moneyagent.Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandtoformalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswithsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.Itisnotjustmoneythatcanbestolen.Sotoocanalltheotherdatastoredonaphone.Often,however,muchhasalreadybeengivenawayfreelybyitsowners.Many"free"appsareinfactpaidforincustomerdata.Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.Analgorithmmight(bydesignoraccident)bebiasedagainstcertainborrowersbecause,say,oftheirraceorcreed.Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.ResearchinIndiaandKenyahasshownthatevenverypoorborrowerswouldbewillingtopayahigherinterestrate—orjoinamuchslowerqueue—foraloanthatcamewithmoreguaranteesthatthedataprovidedtothelenderwouldbekeptprivate.查看材料31.【阅读理解PartA】ThemobilephonehasbeenhelpingtheimpoverishedinobtainingA.accessibleservicesB.mobile-moneyaccountsC.theirbankaccountsD.urgentfinancialaids正确答案：B参考解析：Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financialinclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphonebutnobankaccount.移动货币账户帮助提供了“普惠金融”服务让数千万只有手机但没有银行账户的人可以使用金融服务，即手机的功能是让原本没有银行账户的人能有一个移动货币账户作为替代来使用金融服务。因此B正确。查看材料32.【阅读理解PartA】Thepooraremorelikelytobetargetedinmobile-phonescamsbecauseofA.thehostilityofthievesandimpersonatorsB.theircreduloustraittodeceptionsC.theirgreedforwinningunexpectedprizesD.theinsecurepaymentenvironment正确答案：D参考解析：Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandtoformalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswithsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.先说明最基本的骗局成本极低，一个电话号码，注册新的SIM卡，穷人最可能落入这种骗局，因为他们对于网络世界和正规的金融服务了解相对太少，同时穷人还缺乏安装复杂安全软件的智能手机，因此更容易受骗，说明穷人由于容易泄露信息的网络环境、认知环境和手机软件这类支付安全性原因才会被当作手机骗局的主要目标，由此可知，选项D为正确答案。查看材料33.【阅读理解PartA】PeoplehasbeengivingawaythedataontheirphonebyA.signingupformobileappsimprudentlyB.sellingthemforfinancialprofitdeliberatelyC.payingmobileappswiththemknowinglyD.clickingmostconsentbuttonsdiscreetly正确答案：A参考解析：Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.在各个国家，人们在没有理解甚至没有阅读他们所同意的内容的情况下，通过点击同意按钮愉快地放弃他们的隐私权”，即人们在注册时非常草率，忽视涉及隐私权出让的协议内容，由此可知，选项A为正确答案。查看材料34.【阅读理解PartA】ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatA.therichputtoomuchconcernaboutprivacyB.privacywillbeeasilyforgonebythepoorC.datasecurityforthepoormaygetimprovedD.higherinterestrateisinevitablefordatasecurity正确答案：C参考解析：Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.人们认为穷人会为了获得借贷和其他服务而轻易放弃自己的隐私，但事实上，穷人也重视数据安全和隐私。所以选项C为正确答案。查看材料35.【阅读理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.AvoidableMobile-phoneScamsB.Mobile-phoneThefts--TargetingThePoorC.Mobile-phone,AMagicWandD.TheHiddenCostofMobile-phoneConvenience正确答案：D参考解析：介绍移动货币账户的优势和劣势，分析本质原因和预测未来趋势，围绕着移动货币账户的风险展开的，从手机诈骗的数据泄露，引申到了应用软件对客户数据的窥视，即隐藏在便利性背后的诈骗风险和数据滥用，D正确答案。背景材料材料题根据下面资料，回答36-40题AsCongressaimstopassanothercoronavirusreliefpackage,theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontotheweeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit,arguingthattheextra$600aweekthatCongressprovidedforthejoblesshascreatedadisincentiveforpeopletogobacktowork.Theywanttoreducetheboosttoonly$200aweek.It'sanincrediblybadidea,basedondeceptivelogicandstereotypes.Extendingthebenefitat$600isneededtocombatthepersistentlyhighunemploymentrateandtopreventanevenworseeconomiccollapse.Indeed,puttingmoneydirectlyintothepocketsofAmericansisoneofthemostimportantstepsCongresscantaketocontaintheeconomicfalloutfromCOVID-19.ProvidingAmericanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpovertybutalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesaretostayafloat.Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivizeworkmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsofAmericanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydidwhentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.First,eveniftheweekly$600financialassistanceisextended,workersreceivingthebenefitknowitwilleventuallyexpire.ThereisalreadyevidencethatAmericanshavebeenreturningtoworkinspiteofreceivinganadditional$600eachweekforbeingunemployed：BothMayandJunesawrecord-breakingnumberswithregardtojobsadded,andtheunemploymentratedeclinedduringthatperiod.Second,workerswhofailtolookforworkorturndownjoboffersrisklosingtheirunemploymentbenefit.WhiletheCARESAct—whichcreatedtheweekly$600aidforunemployedworkers—expandedtheacceptablecausesforrefusingtogobacktoworkwhilestillqualifyingforunemploymentbenefits,peoplestillhavetoprovideavalidpublic-healthreasonfornotreturningtowork.That'salsothereasontheunemploymentbenefitisgenerous：Itgivesworkerstheopportunitytostayathomeinordertocontainthespreadofthecoronaviruswithoutcausingtheirhouseholdsextremefinancialstress.Andthird,thereasontheunemploymentnumbersaresohighisbecausetheresimplyaren'tenoughjobstogoaround.ArindrajitDube,aprofessorofeconomics,said,"Inaverydownlabormarket,incentivizingpeopletosearchharderisself-defeating."Isitpossiblethattherewillbeafewcaseswherepeoplechoosenottoreturntoworkbecausetheunemploymentbenefitishigherthantheirwages?Ofcourse.Butthatnumberwillbenegligible."Theserisksaresosmallcomparedtothereallybigrisk,whichisthatallofthesepeoplearegoingtocutbackonspendingwhentheylosethatbenefit,"Dube,said."Andthatisgoingtobeyetanotherunforcederrorinthesetofmanyunforcederrorsthatourgovernmenthasdoneinhandlingthispandemic."查看材料36.【阅读理解PartA】TheTrumpadministrationisseekingto______A.reduceunemploymentbenefitsB.subsidizehealthinsuranceC.createmorejobsD.cutdownonspending正确答案：A参考解析：theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontotheweeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit第一段描述了特朗普政府想要削减联邦保险救济金，从每周600降到每周200，A是对提案内容的概括，正确。查看材料37.【阅读理解PartA】InordertosurviveCOVID-19,businessesneed_______A.acutinlaborpaymentsB.anincreaseinitsadaptabilityC.generousgovernmentfundingD.sustainedconsumerspending正确答案：D参考解析：ProvidingAmericanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpovertybutalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesaretostayafloat.末句指出这样做的好处：不仅可以防止数百万家庭因疫情而陷入贫困，也可以保证人们持续消费，这对于企业渡过难关至关重要。由此可知D正确。查看材料38.【阅读理解PartA】Theconcernoverunemploymentbenefitsisbasedonthefactthat_______A.theireligibilitycriteriaaretoogenerousB.theyexceedpaychecksformanyrecipientsC.theylastarelativelylongperiodoftimeD.morepeoplethaneverareclaimingthem正确答案：B参考解析：Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivizeworkmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsofAmericanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydidwhentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.对失业救济金的担忧，是超过三分之二的符合失业标准的美国民众，救济金可能比他们平时工作时拿到的还要多，B正确。查看材料39.【阅读理解PartA】TheCARESActispartlyintendedto______A.ensureeveryone'srighttoworkB.giveworkersmorejobopportunitiesC.expandaccesstopublichealthinformationoncoronavirusD.encou