2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及解析_第1页
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2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及解析材料题根据下面资料,回答1-20题 Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwould(江南博哥)liketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery 1 ,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan, 2 ,ayoungersibling.  3 ,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto 4 :apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still, 5 everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy 6 .Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina 7 andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis. You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan 8 youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe 9 happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo 10 anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould 11 theclockandstartover.We’veallbeenthere.  12 ,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay 13 foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso 14 yourchild’sself-esteem. Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour 15 withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe 16 ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen 17 bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills. Certainly,it’sincredibly 18 tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tobethebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith 19 situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand 20 fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.查看材料1.【完形填空】第(1)题选A.tediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky正确答案:D参考解析:文章第一段第一句是主题句,该句提到,“每位父母都想成为好的父母”。空格句以But开头,句意上出现了转折,“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”。since后给出了原因,“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tedious意为“冗长的;啰唆的”;pleasant意为“令人愉快的;可喜的”;instructive意为“增长知识的”;tricky意为“棘手的,困难的”,D项符合句意。查看材料2.【完形填空】第(2)题选A.inadditionB.forexampleC.atonceD.byaccident正确答案:B参考解析:前一句提到,“不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”,空格所在句为例证,“如果换一种养育方式,一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些”。所以用表示举例分析的词只有forexample“例如”最合适。其他选项:inaddition“另外”;atonce“偶尔”;byaccident“意外地”都不合适。查看材料3.【完形填空】第(3)题选A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually正确答案:A参考解析:空格所在句指出:还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些,这类父母是非常耐心的。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题,空格句在上下文文义上都是个转折,幸运的是/还好,有一类父母很好描述/定义,并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选Fortunately“幸运地;交好运地”,其他选项Occasionally“偶尔”;Accordingly“对应地”;Eventually“最终地”都不合适。查看材料4.【完形填空】第(4)题选A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train正确答案:C参考解析:第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题,第二段出现转折,幸运的是/还好,有一类父母很好描述/定义,describe“描述”与define“定义”相呼应,故选c。amuse“逗笑;逗乐”;assist“帮助;协助”;train“训练;培训”三个选项均不符合句意,故均排除。查看材料5.【完形填空】第(5)题选A.

whileB.

becauseC.

unlessD.

once正确答案:A参考解析:空格所在句指出:虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母,但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系,只有while“然而”表转折,故选A。because“因为”;unless“除非”;once“曾经”三个选项均不符合句意,故均排除。查看材料6.【完形填空】第(6)题选A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access正确答案:B参考解析:空格所在句指出:虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母,但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task意为“任务”;其余选项answer“答案”;choice“选择”;access“途径/权限”都不合适,故选B。查看材料7.【完形填空】第(7)题选A.

tolerantB.

formalC.

rigidD.

critical正确答案:A参考解析:空格所在句指出:有时父母会很累很沮丧,这时候对待孩子就很难沉着冷静(composed)和包容。tolerant意为“包容的”;formal意为“正式的”;rigid意为“死板的”;critical意为“批评的”。A项带入原句符合句意,故选A。查看材料8.【完形填空】第(8)题选A.moveB.dragC.pushD.send正确答案:C参考解析:空格所在句指出:你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人,而且有时候孩子会把你逼得很紧。push意为“催促/紧逼”;此处move“移动,使感动”;drag“拖拽”;send“发送”均不符合句意,故选C。查看材料9.【完形填空】第(9)题选A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable正确答案:D参考解析:空格前一句指出:有时候孩子会把你逼得很紧。空格后一句指出:你会失去耐心,对孩子大吼大叫。那么后一句“失去耐心,对孩子大吼大叫”是前一句“有时候孩子会把你逼得很紧”的必然结果。mysterious意为“神秘的”;illogical意为“不合逻辑的”;suspicious意为“怀疑的”;inevitable意为“无法避免的/必然的”。带入原句,D项符合句意,故选D。查看材料10.【完形填空】第(10)题选A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague正确答案:C参考解析:空格所在句句意:你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫,而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话,对每个人都没好处。根据上下文可推知,something后面的形容词一定是贬义的,boring意为“没趣的;令人厌倦的”;naive意为“缺乏经验的;幼稚的”;harsh意为“刺耳的/严格的”;vague意为“含糊的,不明确的”。四个选项中,只有C项是带贬义色彩的词并符合句意的,故选C。查看材料11.【完形填空】第(11)题选A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup正确答案:A参考解析:空格所在句句意:你会希望时间倒流,一切重新再来。turn

back意为“(使)往回走”;takeapart意为“拆开/拆解”;setaside意为“把……放一旁/不理会”;coverup意为“盖起来”。B、C、D三项均不符合句意,故选A。查看材料12.【完形填空】第(12)题选A.OverallB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Otherwise正确答案:C参考解析:空格所在句句意:然而,即使这是很普遍的现象,我们还是要牢记,哪怕只是一点点的疲惫,都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述了一般情况下父母是如何对孩子失去耐心的,并且这很普遍“We’veallbeenthere/it’s

common”,空格所在句对比上一段发生了转折,所以要填一个含有转折意义的词。overall意为“全面的”;instead意为“反而;却”,however意为“然而”;otherwise意为“否则;不然”,故选C:查看材料13.【完形填空】第(13)题选A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret正确答案:D参考解析:上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心,然后又希望时间倒流,一切重新再来,哪怕只是一点点的疲惫,都会让父母对孩子说一些他们会后悔(regret)很久的话,故选D。其他选项like“喜欢”;miss“错过”;believe“相信”均不符合上下文,故均排除。

查看材料14.【完形填空】第(14)题选A.

raiseB.

affectC.

justifyD.

reflect正确答案:B参考解析:结合原文语境,空格所在句句意:这也许不仅会伤害你和孩子之间的关系,而且会……你孩子的自尊,所以空格处需要填上一个动词,这个动词可以与后面的宾语自尊心搭配。因此答案只能是affect“影响”,故选B。而raise意为“提高,养育”;iustify意为“证明……正确”;reflect意为“反映”,均不能与“自尊心”合理搭配,故均排除。

查看材料15.【完形填空】第(15)题选A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool正确答案:D参考解析:空格所在句句意:如果你总是对你的孩子失去……本文一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心,所以该空填与耐心类似的词。cool有“冷静”之意,所以符合题意的只能是cool,而time“时间”;bond“结合,纽带”;race“比赛,种族”都不符合这里的语境。查看材料16.【完形填空】第(16)题选A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context正确答案:C参考解析:AofB的结构中,名词A主要参照的是后面of结构对它的修饰作用。0f结构在这里表示“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的……”,联系前面提到的“我们越来越重视……”因此符合题意的是importance“重要性”,故选C:nature意为“自然、天性”;secret意为“秘密”;context意为“环境”,均不符合题意,故均排除。查看材料17.【完形填空】第(17)题选A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted正确答案:D参考解析:根据本题语境,“事实上,在……压力时,情绪调节或维持情绪控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项”,压力前面应搭配confronted“面对”,故选D。其他的选项cheated“欺骗”;defeated“打败”;confused“困惑”均不符合题意。查看材料18.【完形填空】第(18)题选A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong正确答案:B参考解析:空格所在句句意:不可避免的……一直对孩子保持耐心。可以先看选项terrible“糟糕的”;strange“奇怪的”;wrong“错误的”,这三个选项都不能放在此处形成合理搭配,所以hard“困难的”更合适查看材料19.【完形填空】第(19)题选A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising正确答案:A参考解析:根据原文语境“一个更实际的目标是去尝试,尽你最大的能力,当你面对涉及孩子的……情况时,尽可能地宽容和冷静”。需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太好的情况,选项中,trying作形容词时意为“令人厌烦的”最合适。其他选项changing“变化”;exciting“激动人心的”;surprising“令人惊讶的”,均不能体现这里的含义:查看材料20.【完形填空】第(20)题选A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape正确答案:B参考解析:空格所在句句意:朝着这个目标努力的结果是,你和你的孩子将受益并从很有压力的这些时候……,在身体和情感上感觉更好。四个选项中,只有emerge“浮现,出现”最符合题意,所以选B,而hide“隐藏”;withdraw“撤退”;escape“逃避”均为负面含义,故均排除。材料题根据下面资料,回答21-25题 Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats. Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings. Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever. Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn. Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch. Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.查看材料21.【阅读理解PartA】Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan_______.A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingratsB.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileoneC.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtrainingD.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow正确答案:A参考解析:根据题干关键词Quinnandhercolleagues和atest定位到第一段第二句“Tofindoutifthisextendstonon—livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats”,为了查明这是否延

伸到了非生物,奎因和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。A项“从没有生命的老鼠身上获取社会信号”是原文的同义替换,故选A。B项“区分友好的老鼠和敌对的

老鼠”,C项“通过特殊训练获得社交品质”D项“向它们的同伴发出警告信息”,在原文中均未提及,故均排除。

查看材料22.【阅读理解PartA】Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.B.Itplayedwithsometoys.C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.D.Itmovedaroundalone.正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干关键词theasocialrobot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句

“Meanwhile。theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside”,同时,不具有

社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。D项“它独自移动”是原文的同义替换。A

项“它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠”,与原文“thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround”不

符,原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠。B项“它玩一些玩具”,与原文“thesocial

robotrat…playedwiththesametoys”不符,原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具。C

项“它释放了被困的老鼠”与原文“thesocialrobotrat…openedcageddoorstolettrappedrats

escape”不符,原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠释放了被困的老鼠,故排除A、B、C三项。查看材料23.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey_______.A.triedtopracticeameansofescapeB.expectedittodothesameinreturnC.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligenceD.consideredthataninterestinggame正确答案:B参考解析:根据题干关键词Quinn和theratsreleasedthesocialrobots定位到第四段,第四段最后一句“Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,and

wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays”。奎因说:“这可能会让

老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器人,并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它们

的恩惠。”B项“希望它也会这么做”是原文的同义替换jA项“试图尝试一种逃跑的方法”,c项“想要展示它们的智慧”和D项“觉得是个有趣的游戏”在原文当中均未提及,故均排除。查看材料24.【阅读理解PartA】JanetWilesnotesthatrats_______.A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeaturesB.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizesC.respondmoretoactionsthantolooksD.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels正确答案:C参考解析:根据题干关键词JanetWiles定位到第七段,第七段最后一句“Wehumans

seemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,saysWiles”。怀尔斯说:“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷,事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合第七段前面部分的阐述,会发现c项“对行动的反应多于对外表的反应”,是原文的类似表达。A项“能够记住其他老鼠的

面部特征”,与原文内容不符。B项“与体型大小相比,能够更好地区分气味”,与原文内容不符,原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味。D项“会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏”,与原文内容不符,原文中只是提到机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料盒子,故排除A、B、D三项。查看材料25.【阅读理解PartA】Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats_______.A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundingsB.aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimalsC.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializingD.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected正确答案:D参考解析:题干并没有具体关键词,所以需要通过选项回到文中逐一对应。D项“对社交线索比预期更敏感”,与原文第七段第一句“Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocial

cues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots,saysWiles”,属于类似表达,即这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度,即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示,故选D:A项“似乎能适应新环境”,在文中并未提及。B项“比其他动物更活跃”,与原文不符,在文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷。C项“在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同”,与原文内容相反,原文内容指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待,即使他们只显示简单的社会信号,这一点与老鼠是一样的,故排除A、B、C三项。背景材料材料题根据下面资料,回答26-30题 ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear. ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy. Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone. ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs. Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.查看材料26.【阅读理解PartA】WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?A.ThegrowthinthenumberofcorporationsB.ThegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomyC.IncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirmsD.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics正确答案:C参考解析:根据题干关键词CEOpayrise及题干中对CEO薪酬增加原因的提问,定位到第二段第一句“ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO

talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly”。了解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模式是,CEO人才在一个顶级公司的商业机会迅速增长的世界里是有限的。C项

“增加顶级公司商业机会的增加”是原文的同义替换,故选C。A项“公司数量的增长”,与原文内容不符,文中并不是说公司数量而是商业机会。B项“好转的经济带来的普遍加薪”,文中并未提到bettereconomy。D项“主要经济体之间的密切合作”,文中未提到经济体之间的合作,故排除A、B、D三项。查看材料27.【阅读理解PartA】Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto_______.A.fosterastrongersenseofteamworkB.financemoreresearchanddevelopmentC.establishclosertieswithtechcompaniesD.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干关键词predecessors及today’s

CEOs定位到第三段第三句“Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant”。他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公关技巧,因为即使是一个小失误的成本也可能是巨大的。选项中并未提到,继续往后看“Thenthere’s

thefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries”。还有一个事实是,美国的大公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化,供应链遍布更多的国家。D项“经营更全球化的公司”是该句内容的同义替换,故选D。A项“培养更强的团队合作意识”,文中提到意识,只有对金融市场有很好的了解,甚至公司应该如何进行交易的意识。B项“资助更多的研发”和c项“与科技公司建立更紧密的联系”定位段并未提到,故排除A、B、C三项。查看材料28.【阅读理解PartA】CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite_______.A.continualinternaloppositionB.strictcorporategovernanceC.conservativebusinessstrategiesD.repeatedgovernmentwarnings正确答案:B参考解析:根据题干关键词the1970s定位到第四段第三句“Yetitisprincipallyduring

thisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising”。然而,首席执行官的薪酬主要是在这一治理更加有力的时期一直居高不下。B项“严格的公司管理”,是原文内容的替换表达,故选B。A项“持续的内部对立”在文中并未提到。C项“保守的商业策略”,定位段并没有提到。D项“政府的再三警告”,定位段并未提到,故排除A、C、D三项。查看材料29.【阅读理解PartA】HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps_______.A.confirmthestatusofCEOsB.motivateinsidecandidatesC.boosttheefficiencyofCEOsD.increasecorporatevalue正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干关键词HighCEOpay及顺序出题规则,继续看最后一段,定位句是“AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asign

thatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO”。"当公司把首席执行官的薪酬与股票价格挂钩时,股票市场的反应是积极的,这表明这些做法不仅为首席执行官带来机制,而且创造了公司价值。D项“增加公司价值”,是原文内容的替换表达,故选D。A项“证实CEO的地位”。B项“激发内部候选人的积极性”,文中最后一段第一句提到,首席执行官的最高薪水是付给外部候选人的,而不是付给那些舒适的内部人选,故排除B项。C项“提高CEO的效率”,定位段未提到。查看材料30.【阅读理解PartA】Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe_______.A.CEOsAreNotOverpaidB.CEOPay:PastandPresentC.CEOs'ChallengesofTodayD.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine正确答案:A参考解析:根据题干分析文章主题词为“CEO的薪酬”,所以排除C、D两项。A项“首席执行官的薪水并不高”,B项“CE0的薪酬:过去和现在”,而CEO过去的薪酬并不是原文中心,属于偏离主题,故选A。

材料题根据下面资料,回答31-35题 MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise. MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest. Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution. It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected. It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits—fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths. Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一BritainsandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso. Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,schoolstreets",evenindividualroads—arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.查看材料31.【阅读理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?A.Itseffectsarequestionable.B.Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.C.Itneedstougherenforcement.D.Itsfateisyettobedecided.正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干关键词Madrid’scleanairzone定位到第一段,第一段说明背景,Madrid’scleanairzone的执行暂停,该段提到尽管能够提高空气质量,但是市长表示反对。一位法官现在否决了该市停止征收罚款的决定,下令恢复原状。但随着法律斗争的进行,Madrid’scleanairzone的未来看起来也不确定。D项“它的命运尚未决定”,是原文内容的替换表达,故选D。A项“其效果值得怀疑”,与原文内容相反。B项“它遭到法官的反对”与原文不符,文中法官反对的并不是Madrid’scleanairzone,而是停止征收罚款的决定。C项“它需要更严格的执行”与原文不符,文中是执行已经停止,故排除A、B、C三项。查看材料32.【阅读理解PartA】Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?A.Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.B.Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.C.Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.D.Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干关键词aweaknessofthecity-levelmeasures及tackledirtyair定位到第三段第二句“That’s

becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers--whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles--ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhose

cheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution”。这是因为他们不可避免地把清洁空气的费用转嫁给那些必须支付费用或购买更好车辆的司机,而不是汽车制造商,因为他们的欺骗是造成我们有毒污染的真正原因。D项“他们给个人驾车者增加了太多负担”与原文内容一致,故选D。A项“他们对汽车制造商有偏见”,文中提到汽车制造商,却并未提到对其有无偏见。B项“这些措施对市议会来说是不切实际的”,定位段并未提到。C项“他们被认为对政治家来说太温和了”,定位段并未提到。查看材料33.【阅读理解PartA】TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill_______.A.arousestrongresistanceB.ensureKhan'selectoralsuccessC.improvethecity'strafficD.discouragecarmanufacturing正确答案:A参考解析:根据题干关键词extension和London’s

Ulez定位到第三段“AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretospark

intenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected”。如果萨迪克·汗在2021年胜出,并按照他的意愿将其延伸至南北环路,肯定会引发更多驾车者的强烈反对,届时他们将受到影响:A项“引起强烈抵抗”与原文内容一致,故选A。B项“确保Khans选举成功”与原文不符,文中提到的是如果这个人赢了。C项“改善城市交通”,定位段并未提到。D项“抑制汽车制造业”定位段并未提到,故排除B、C、D三项。查看材料34.【阅读理解PartA】Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?A.Localresidents.B.Mayors.C.Councilors.D.Nationalgovernments.正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干信息,问的是作者的具体观点。定位到第五段“Butmayorsand

councillorscanonlydoSOmuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyare

actingbecausenationalgovernments--Britain’s

andothersacrossEurope--havefailedtodoso”。但是市长和议员们只能对一个比任何一个城市或城镇都大得多的问题做这么多的工作。他们之所以采取行动,是因为英国和欧洲其他国家的政府未能做到这一点。D项“作者”认为国家政府应该解决这个问题,与原文内容一致,故选D。A项“当地居民”,定位段并未提到。B项“市长”和C项“议员”,出现在定位句,但是与原文内容相反,故排除A、B、C三项。查看材料35.【阅读理解PartA】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies_______.A.willraiselow-emissioncarproductionB.shouldbeforcedtofollowregulationsC.willupgradethedesignoftheirvehiclesD.shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision正确答案:B参考解析:根据题干信息autocompanies,定位到最后一段第一句“requireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance”,要求汽车公司使其车辆符合要求。B项“应该被迫遵守规定”,与原文信息一致,故选B。A项“将提高低排放汽车产量”,定位段并未提到。C项“将升级他们的车辆设计”和D项“应该接受公众监督”在原文中没有相关信息。背景材料材料题根据下面资料,回答36-40题 NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem. If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve. OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.查看材料36.【阅读理解PartA】GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring_______.A.arerecognizedfortheirabilitiesB.areinfavorofofficejoboffersC.areoptimisticaboutthelabormarketD.aredrawinggrowingpublicattention正确答案:D参考解析:根据题干直接定位到文章第一段第一句话“NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks”,D项“(Drawinggrowingpublicattention”对应句中“theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks(近几周的关注度在稳步提高)”,其中attention原词复现,rising和growing同义复现。A项“承认他们的能力”,B项“支持工作机会”,C项“对就业市场持乐观态度”,在定位区间中没有找到这些选项相应的对应信息。查看材料37.【阅读理解PartA】GenerationZsarekeenlyaware_______.A.whatatougheconomicsituationislikeB.whattheirparentsexpectofthemC.howtheydifferfrompastgenerationsD.howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis正确答案:A参考解析:根据题干中的aware直接定位到第二段第四行“GenZsknowwhataneconomic

trainwrecklookslike”,GenZs知道经济列车受到重创是什么样子的?A项“tougheconomicsituation”对应句中“economictrainwreek”,在定位区间中没有找到其他选项相应的对应信息查看材料38.【阅读理解PartA】Theword"assuage"(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto_______.A.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen正确答案:B参考解析:根据题干,可以定位到第二段第六句话“Theboomingeconomyseemstohave

donelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewho

havecollegedebt”,所以解题的关键是判断“Theboomingeconomy(繁荣的经济)”和“generational

senseofanxiousurgency(代际焦虑)”的关系?根据常识判断,繁荣的经济可以降低求职者的焦虑,再结合上一道题我们知道,GenZs是务实和谨慎(practicalandcautious)的一代。由此可以得出繁荣的经济并未降低求职者的焦虑,原文已有“并未”(havedonelittle),B项relieve“减轻”与我们的判断一致,故选B。而其他选项,define“定义”,maintain“保持”,deepen“加深”和我们的判断都不一致。查看材料39.【阅读理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs_______.A.carelittleabouttheirjobperformanceB.givetopprioritytoprofessionaltrainingC.thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalanceD.haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob正确答案:D参考解析:题目中明确出题段落“fromParagraph3”。因此,第三段的第一句“chose

theirmajorwithajobinmind”,按照自己的理想工作选择专业和D项“对自己的未来工作有明确认识”相符合。根据原文中的第二句话“未来雇主最重要的特性是工作的稳定性,第二位是职业发展与培训,第三位是吸引人的目标”,排除A、B两项,C项并未体现。查看材料40.【阅读理解PartA】Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare_______.A.lessrealisticB.lessadventurousC.morediligentD.more

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