职称英语复习资料

二、2012年教材新增文章

（一）阅读判断

1.第七篇：ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland

2.*第十一篇：ComputerMouse

（二）概括大意与完成句子

1.第六篇：HowWeFormFirstImpression

2.第十篇：WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

（三）阅读理解

1.第.篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople

2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass

3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan

4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet

5.第十六篇：TheSahara

6.*第十七篇：EiffelIsanEyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）

7.*第十八篇：GoalofAmericanEducation（2011年教材中为C级文章）

8.*第十九篇：TheFamily

9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast

10.*第二十一篇：SpacinginAnimals（2011年教材中为C级文章）

IL*第二十二篇：SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage（2011年教材中为C级文章）

12.*第二十三篇：TheOnlyWayIsUp（2011年教材中为C级文章）

13.*第二十四篇:CloneFarm（2011年教材中为C级文章）

14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）

15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo

16.*第二十七篇:ImportanceofServices（2011年教材中为C级文章）

17.*第二十八篇：TheNationalParkService（2011年教材中为C级文章）

18.*第二十九篇:FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends（2011年教材中为C级文章）

19.*第三十篇："Lucky"LordLucan-AliveorDead

20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty

21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot

22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay

23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中为B级文章）

24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica

25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren

26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中为B级文章）

27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中为B级文章）

28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape

（四）补全短文

1.第九篇：HeatIsKiller

2.*第-1•篇：VirtualDriver

（五）完形填空

1.第一篇：ALifewithBirds

2.第二篇：SLuckyBreak

3.第三篇：GlobalWarming

4.第四篇：ASuccessStory

5.第五篇:TrafficinOurCities

6*.第六篇：TeachingandLearning7.*第七篇：TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer

8.*第八篇:LookonTheBrightSide

9.*第九篇：TheFirstBicycle

10.*第十篇：WorkingMothers

11.+第十一篇：SchoolLunch

12.十第十二篇：APowerfulInfluence

13.+第十三篇：TheOldGate

14.+第十四篇：FamilyHistory

15.+第十五篇：HelenandMartin

TellingTalesaboutPeople

Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,

isstoriesaboutpeople，slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:

autobiography,memoir,andbiography.

Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson，slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.

Oftenitbeginswiththeperson,searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.

Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresent

themselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhat

makesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhave

writtenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce,havewrittenthinly

fictionalizedaccountsoftheir1ives.Thesearenotautobiographies,buttheyare

veryclosetoit.

Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuch

ontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypically

usetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailand

discusstheirimportance.Recently,though,thetermmemoirseemstobebecoming

interchangeablewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththe

outsidewor1d.

Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse*s1ife.Inmanysenses,these

maybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheevents

theywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogather

informationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecide

whichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson,

notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiography

maytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.

词汇：

backdrop/'bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?，t?end??bl/adj.可转换的

注释：

1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewritten

autobiographies.就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographica1accountsthatfocusasmuch

ontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.严格意义上来讲，回忆录

是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies,memoirs,andbiographies

B.famousautobiographies

C.whybiographycanbedifficulttowrite

D.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs

2.HelenKeilerwrote.

A.amemoir

B.anautobiography

C.aworkoffiction

D.abiography

3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey.

A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetaiIstomaketheirbookssei1

B.constantlycompetewithbiographywriters

C.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlight

D.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes

4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby________.

A.definingit

B.givinganexample

C.explainingwhyitishardtowrite

D.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit

5.Diversemeans.

A.abletoswimindeepwater

B.similaroralike

C.variedordifferent

D.enjoyingpoetry

答案与题解：

1.A本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品

类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2.B本题问的是：海伦凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰富兰克林

和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3.C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供

了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C,他们想展示自己好的一面。

4.A本题问的是:本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A,

通过给每个类型进行定义。

5.C本题问的是：diverse的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。

TheChangingMiddleClass

TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However,middle

classisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofa

perception,whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWar

II.Theeconomywasgrowing,moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes,workers

hadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem,andnearlyeveryonewho

wantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocial

mobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor,buttheycouldbecomerich.Successful

peoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords,they

foundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.

Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrong

valueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone，sown

economicfate.Inaddition,middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividual

responsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievingin

somethingoutsideoneself.2

Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.

AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericans

believedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspouses

nowworked,asdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedfor

childcareputstrainson4thefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodasthey

oncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestyles

throughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjust

whatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.

词汇：

designation/dezig，nei??n/n.称号commute/k?Jmju:t/n.上下班路程

mobility/m?u，bil?ti/n.流动性

注释：

1.However,middleclassisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.

然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

2.Inaddition,middle-classmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividual

responsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievingin

somethingoutsideoneself.另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、

对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵,维持生活

4.putstrainson：带来压力

练习：

1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith.

A)anindividual

B)asocialandeconomicgroup

C)apoliticalorganization

D)government

2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat________.

A)peopleshouldalwayshavefun

B)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard

C)debtisnothingtoworryabout

D)thefamilyisveryimportant

3.IntheyearsafterWorldWarII,themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_______.

A)overburdenedandindebt

B)hardworkingandsuspicious

C)prosperousandoptimistic

D)youngandfoolish

4.Thephrase“Inotherwords"inthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowing

statementis_____.

A)anexceptiontothepreviousidea

B)adenialofthepreviousidea

C)arestatementofthepreviousidea

D)acontrastingidea

5.Thewordcollectivelymeans______.

A)asagroup

B)hesitatingly

C)unknowingly

D)weakly

答案与题解：

1.B本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会

和经济群体，因此选择B。

2.D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中

产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事

物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。

3.C本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了

当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

4.C本题的问题是：第一段中的〃Inotherwords〃这个短语与下列说法一致的是，〃In

otherwords”

5.A本题的问题是：单词"collectively”的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。汉语意思是换句话

来说，因此正确答案是C。

ALetterfromAlan

IhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParson*s

Placebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethe

sizeofourtown.Forme,Parson5sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnatural

areawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthe

streamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.It'sveryquietbecausethere

arefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecause

wehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.

Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwill

thepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystation

areontheothersideoftown.

Therefore,thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytime

theygoanywhere.

Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic,therewillbenowheretoparkandthe

touristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswill

losebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes,theemptygroundbesidethe

raiIwaystationisamoresuitableplace.

Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But,

inmyopinion,theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswell

asthis,wewillloseavery

specialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.

IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestabout

thisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstop

thisplanbeforeitistoolate.

词汇：

facility/f?'sil?ti/n.场所，设施protest/pr?u'test/v.抗议

motorway/"m?ut?wei/n.高速公路

注释：

1.Forme,Parson,sPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawhere

localpeoplecan

relax-thesmal1woodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwith

fishermenandbird-watchers.对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天

然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到

了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。

2.Theroadswillalwaysbeful1oftraffic,therewillbenowheretoparkand

thetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbui1dingswillleave.公路上将总是有

很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。

3.Aswellasthis,wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuch

lesspleasant.不但

如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。

练习：

1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?

A)TopersuadethegovernmenttobuiIdnewhouses.

B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.

C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParson'sPlace.

D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuilders，plans.

2.WhyisParson'sPlaceparticularlyimportant,inAlan'sopinion?

A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.

B)Becauselotsofpeople1ivenearit.

C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.

D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.

3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?

A)AbuildingonParson'sPlace.

B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.

C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.

D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.

4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon____.

A)opennewshopsandhotels

B)choosetolivenearthestation

C)beabletobuynewhomes

D)havelessmoney

5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?

A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUND

B)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSON，SPLACE

C)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELS

D)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD

答案与题解：

1.D本题问的是：为什么Alan写这封信？A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思

是让其他人了解建筑商的计戈IJ,因此D是正确答案。

2.C本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个

美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此C是正确答案。

3.A本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那

么“公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择Ao

4.D本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会

因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷〃。因此选择Do

5.B本题问的是：以下哪个是Alan制作的海报？Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在

帕森场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择B,对帕森场上的房屋说不。

TheDevelopmentofBallet

Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivesto

thisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.

BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecame

commonfor

kingsandqueens,aswe11asothernobi1ity,toparticipateinpageantsthat

includedmusic,poetry,

anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrench

ones,courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressesprevented

muchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntil

the1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegan

doingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.

Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVof

France,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasic

feetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700s

anotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwas

nolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsand

costumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoes

tomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.

ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.

TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropean

countriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20th

centurywasSergeiDiaghilev.His

dancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.

Oneofhis

chiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBallet

in1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.

词汇：

adjust/?'d??st/v.调整eliminate/\limineit/v.淘汰

pageant/'pæd??nt/n.盛会influential/influ，en??l/adj.有影响力

的

注释：

1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens,aswellasothernobility,

toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetry,anddance.在那时，芭蕾

舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。

2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changed

toflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直

到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃

和转圈动作。

3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.

由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。

练习：

1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith.

A)famousnamesinballet

B)FrenchversusRussianballet

C)thewayballetdeveloped

D)whyballetisnolongerpopular

2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas____.

A)Balanchine

B)MarieAntoinette

C)Diaghilev

D)LouisXIV

3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet.

A)isadyingart

B)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceit

C)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStates

D)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining

4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented____.

A)throughthestoryofonedancer

B)bydescribingvariouspositionsandsteps

C)by1istingreasonswhyballethassucceeded

D)inchronologicalorder

5.Thewordpageantsmeans.

A)dances

B)instructors

C)kings

D)elaborateshows

答案与题解:

1.c本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、I）选项都是文章的一部分，而本文

主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此C是正确答案。

2.D本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在17世纪，

专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此D是正确

答案。

3.B本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A、C、D选项在文中没有提到，结

合本文最后一段可以看出B选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。

4.D本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直

介绍到芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择D,按照时间前后的顺序。

5.D本题问的是:单词pageant的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是D,盛大的表演。

TheSahara

ThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor"desert〃or"steppe”.At3.

5millionsquaremiles,anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates,theSahara

DesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.Itspansthecontinent

fromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas

130°F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas

2.5percent,thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfive

inchesofrainperyear,whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallfor

years.

AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.

Herethesand

dunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.Heresandplainsstretchover

anarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.Yetsittingin

themidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBiIma.Suddenlytherearepools

ofclearwater.Surprisingly,therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwater

resources,oroases,sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindry

streambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.

Corn,cassava,tea,peanuts,hotpeppers,andorange,lime,andgrapefruittrees

growinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.

TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500

camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile,travelingtowardsuchoasis

towns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt,whichisminedfromwatery

basins,andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthe

desert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.

词汇：

Humidity/hju'mid?t1/n.湿度irrigate/'Irlgelt/v.灌溉

stretch/stret?/v.伸展camel/'km?1/n.骆驼

datepalmsn.椰枣树

注释：

1.Undergroundwaterresources»oroases,sufficienttosupportirrigated

agricu1turearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.在干河床和洼地处可找到

充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。

2.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪

到达水田中。

3.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.青草上放养着驴和山羊。

练习：

1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.

A)lifeintheSahara

B)thedesertsofAfrica

C)BiIma

D)howcamelstravelinthedesert

2.Rainfal1inmostoftheSaharais.

A)lessthanfiveinchesperyear

B)lessthanteninchesperyear

C)lessthantwentyinchesperyear

D)zero

3.TheSaharacanbedescribedas.

A)aplaceofcontrasts

B)aplacewherenoonelives

C)anareawherethewintersarecold

D)anareathatappealstomanytourists

4.Thephrase〃anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates"givesanindication

ofthesizeof_______.

A)northernAfrica

B)Niger

C)theSahara

D)allofAfrica

5.Inthispassagecaravanmeans_______.

A)travelingcircus

B)grouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountry

C)railroadtrain

D)asmall,fastsailingship

答案与题解：

1.A本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么？根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地

理概况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B选项范围过宽。C选项不全面，文章

不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D选项文中没有具体介绍。所以A是对的。

2.A本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，

撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于5英寸。所以A正确。

3.A本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么？A的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地

方。B的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D的意思是吸引很多游客的

地方。B,C,D均不符合文意，因此A正确。

4.C本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据

第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C正确。

5.B本题问的是:文中"caravan”的意思是什么？A的意思是旅行马戏团。C是火车。

D是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇

收集盐，因此B选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确

TheFamily

Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworldandevenin

thesamesociety.Thefamily'sformchangesasitadaptstochangingsocialand

economicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthe

nuclearfamily,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclear

familyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individual

familymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutside

thefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonly

ifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica,theelderlyoftendo

notlivewiththefamily;they1iveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.

Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties,

suchasNorth

America,andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits,wholivein

harshenvironments.Thenuclearfamilystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeof

mobility.Inharshconditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorth

Americans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility.

ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrarian

time,thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalargerextendedfamily.This

mighthaveincludedgrandparents,motherandfather,brothersandsisters,uncles,

aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,thereisadramaticriseinthenumber

ofsingle-parenthouseholds.TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheaded

bydivorced,separated,ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclear

families.Thestructureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughout

theworld,continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.

词汇：

nuclear/'nju:kh/adj.原子核的，中心的harsh/ha:?/n.严酷的

emergency/Tm?:d??nsl/n.紧急状况agranan/?'gre?rl?n/adj.土地的，耕地

的

注释：

1.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必须能够照料自己。

2.InNorthAmerica,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theylive

inretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活；

他们一般住在退休社

区和养老机构。

3.Inharshconditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.:在恶劣

的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。

练习：

1.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A)WhatMakesaFamily?

B)TheLifeoftheInuits.

C)LivingwithHardship.

D)TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.

2.Anuclearfamilyisdefinedas_____.

A)amarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren

B)asinglefatherwith,minorchildren

C)parents,grandparents,andchildren

D)parents,children,andauntsanduncles

3.Theinformationinthispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin.

A)ananthropologytextbook

B)abiologytextbook

C)amathematicstextbook

D)ageographytextbook

4.Theinformationinthefirstparagraphispresentedmainlythrough.

A)listingstatistics

B)tellingastory

C)pointingoutsimilarities

D)pointingoutdifferences

5.Thewordmobilitymeans____.

A)money

B)readinesstomove

C)organization

D)skill

答案与题解：

1.A本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么？A的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B

的意思是因纽特人的生活。C的意思是生活得很艰难。D的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。

根据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。B不是主要内容。C未提到。D