2024–2025学年初升高英语无忧衔接及新课预习（全国）专题14 UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（语法写作）（解析版）

专题14UNIT1TEENAGELIFE（语法“名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语”、建议信写作）目录语法聚焦：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语语法速记：语法知识点梳理，查漏补缺写作强化：建议信学以致用：提升专练，全面突破语法聚焦：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词,在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。一、名词短语（NP）（NounPhrase）指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。（一）名词短语的组成1.前置定语+名词作前置定语的主要有：限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。限定词包括：冠词(a/an/the)指示代(this/that/these/those)物主代(my/your/his/her/their)不定代(some/no/neither/both)Theonlineshopsellschildren’sandmen’sshoesataverylowprice.网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。Ourschoolhasfifty-sixwomenteachers.我们学校有56个女教师。Thesleepingchildishisson.正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.Thefallenleavesarelikeathickblanketontheground.落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。2.名词+后置定语作后置定语的主要有：介词短语、分词、不定式等。Ifyoudon’tknowthewaytothesciencemuseum,hereisamapofthecity.如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。Therearesomeboysplayingbasketballoverthere.有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhasbeensolved.昨天讨论的问题被解决了。（二）名词短语的功能名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。1.作主语Thehousesbuiltlastyeararefortheteachers.去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。2.作宾语Jack’smothercan’tgototheparents’meetingbecausesheistoobusy.杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。3.作表语Hewasthebestmantodothejob.他是做这个工作最好的人选。Thisisthemethodofcookingthetastycookie.这是做这种美味甜饼的方法。4.作宾补WemadeTomourgroupleader.我们选汤姆当我们的组长。MoreandmoreforeignersconsiderBeijingOperaanimportantpartofChineseculture.越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。二．形容词短语（AdjP）（AdjectivePhrase）指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。形容词短语的组成1.副词+形容词注意：enough修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形容词之后。Thelittleboyisvery/quite/reallyclever.这个小男孩很/真的聪明。I’mterriblysorry.我非常抱歉。Tomismuchmorefriendly.汤姆更友好。Thiscoatwasmuchtooexpensive.这件大衣太贵了。Thismoviewasn’tinterestingenough.这部电影不足够有趣。Youcan’tbecarefulenough.你怎么小心也不为过。2.形容词+介词短语His

facewas

white

with

anger.他的脸气得发白。Thebottleisfullofwater.瓶子里装满了水。3.形容词+不定式短语Heissuretocome.他一定会来的。He

is

eager

to

see

his

parents.他急切地想见到父母。（二）形容词短语的功能形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1.作定语Mylittlesisterisaverycuriousgirlandshealwaysasksmestrangequestions.我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。Tomisastudentalwaysreadytohelpothers.汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。2.作表语Robotissobusythatheevenhasnotimetostaywithhischildrenatweekends.罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。He

can't

do

anything,

he's

completely

good

for

nothing!他什么都干不了，一点也没用。3.作宾补Helpingothersmakesusveryproud.帮助别人使我们非常自豪。Ifindthebookeasytounderstand.我发现这本书很好懂。4.作状语Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。Curiousenough，Dannyopenedtheboxtoseewhatwasinit.出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。三．副词短语（AdvP）（AdverbialPhrase）指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。副词短语的组成副词+副词注意：very,quite,extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。Herunsveryquickly.他跑的很快。Youarespeakingtoofast.Canyouspeakalittlemoreslowly?你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？Youspeakclearlyenough.Icanfollowyou.你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。副词短语的功能1.修饰动词HespeaksEnglishquitefluently.他英语说得很流利。2.修饰形容词Theinstructionsontheboxarereallyveryconfusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。3.修饰副词Thefirespread

far

too

fast.大火蔓延得太快了。4.修饰句子Luckilyenough,wewonthefirstprizeforthecompetition.足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。一．画出并标记句子中名词短语，形容词短语和副词短语1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.2.ThebuildingissobigthatI'mcompletelylost.3.Thekidsoverthereareputtingsomethingonaroundpaperplate.4.Lindathinksandspeaksquitequickly,andshecandowellinthedebate.5.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.6.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.Theteacherspokesofast!1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.2.ThebuildingissobigthatI'mcompletelylost.3.Thekidsoverthereareputtingsomethingonaroundpaperplate.4.Lindathinksandspeaksquitequickly,andshecandowellinthedebate.5.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.6.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.Theteacherspokesofast!二．用括号里的短语回答问题。1.Howsoondoyouthinkyou'llfinishyourhomework?(prettysoon)2.Whatdoyouthinkofyournewteachers?(veryniceandpatient)3.Howmanyclubshaveyoujoinedthisyear?(twoclubs)4.HowwelldoesRitaplaytheviolin?Weneedanewviolinistinourmusicclub.(quitewell)5.Whatdidyouradvisersayabouttheadvancedliteraturecourse?(toodifficultbutveryinteresting)1.I'llfinishmyhomeworkprettysoon. 2.Mynewteachersareveryniceandpatient.3.Ihavejoinedtwoclubs. 4.Sheplaystheviolinquitewell.5.Theadvancedliteraturecourseistoodifficultbutveryinteresting.三．Joyce写好了一个草稿，用名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语帮助她润色这篇文章，增添更多信息。CheerleaderTry-outsI'vealwayswantedtobeacheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutfortheteam.Itwashard.First,wehadtodance.Theteachershowedushowtomove,andthenwetried.Second,wepracticedsingingasongabouttheschoolbasketballteam.Finally,somegirlshadtolifttheirpartners.Theothergirlsjumpedandcheered.IthinkIdidwell,buttheothergirlswerebetter,I'mnotsureifI'llmaketheteamornot.I'vealwayswantedtobeahighschoolcheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutformyschool'scheerleadingteam.Itwasreallyhard.First,...I'vealwayswantedtobeahighschoolcheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutformyschool'scheerleadingteam.Itwasreallyhard.First,wehadtodancetothestrongbeatofmusic.Thedanceteachershowedushowtomoveveryenergetically,andwetriedveryhard.Second,wepracticesinginganinspiringsongabouttheschoolbasketballteam.Finally,somegirlshadtolifttheirpartners.Theothergirlsjumpedandcheeredveryhappily.IthinkIdidquitewell,buttheothergirlswereevenbetter.I'mnotquitesureifI'llmakethecheerleandingteamornot.四．了解多个形容词作定语多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+)描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：abeautifulbigroundnewblackRussianwoodentable(1)JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa_____car.A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite(2)______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChinese B.TenChinesestrongyoungC.Chinesetenyoungstrong D.YoungstrongtenChinese1、B解析：按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。2、A解析：数词是限定词，应排在形容词前，排除C和D；又strong是描绘，young是年龄，Chinese是国籍，其先后应为“描绘＋年龄＋国籍”。五．画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式(1).Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.____________________________________________________________________________________(2).Theroadislongenough. __________________________________________ (3).Themedicineisgoodforstomach.____________________________________________________________________________________Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.构成形式：副词+and+副词+名词Theroadislongenough.构成形式：副词+enoughThemedicineisgoodforstomach.构成形式：形容词+介词短语六．将下列短语按照类型进行归类：areallybigchallengealittleconfusingverycarefullytheschooladvisoraverydifficultlanguagequitedifficultmuchmorecarefullyfartoofastallthesubjectsaseniorhighschoolstudentmyadvancedcoursestrongenough名词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________形容词短语：___________________________________________________________________________副词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________名词短语：areallybigchallenge;theschooladvisor;averydifficultlanguage;allthesubjects;aseniorhighschoolstudent;myadvancedcourse形容词短语：alittleconfusing;quitedifficult;strongenough副词短语：verycarefully;fartoofast;muchmorecarefully应用文写作——建议信假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友Jenny的来信。她在信中说：由于刚进入高中还不能适应新环境，她不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请你回信，内容如下：1．向Jenny表示问候和安慰；2．针对她的问题提出以下建议：(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动；(2)遇到困难时，互相帮助。注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：审题谋篇第二步：要点翻译1．你进入高中后情绪低落。Youfeelbadafterenteringhighschool．2．你的同学也面临着同样的问题。Yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem．3．你不必太担心。Youdon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.4．尽力邀请你的同学一起参加一些活动。通过相互交流有助于相互理解。Trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether.Itwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem．5．帮助有困难的同学。Helpstudentswhoareintrouble．第三步：词句升级1．用因果关系结构连接要点2、3Yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem,soyoudon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.2．用定语从句合并升级要点4Trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,_whichwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem.第四步：连句成篇DearJenny，Iamsorrytohearyoufeelbadafterenteringhighschool.AsfarasIknow,yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem,soyoudon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyou.First,trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,whichwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem.Besides,helpstudentswhoareintrouble.Idohopeyouwillfindmysuggestionsuseful.Yourssincerely，LiHua一假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Susan在交友方面有些困难。请根据下面提示给她写一封信。1．要交朋友首先要做一个朋友；2．要和朋友同甘共苦；患难之中的朋友才是真朋友；3．友谊需要时间和投入。注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSusan，Yours，LiHua[精彩范文]DearSusan，Iamsorrytoknowthatyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.Tobeginwith,whynotbeafriendfirstifyouwanttomakefriends?Inaddition，wouldn'titbeagoodideaifyousharehappinessandsorrowwithyourfriend?Justasasayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Lastbutnotleast,itwouldbeagoodideaifyouputyourheartintomakingfriends.Itiswell­knowntousallthatfriendshipcallsfortimeandeffort.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.Yours，LiHua二假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友John的来信。他在来信中说，他刚进高中，不能适应新的环境，不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请根据以下内容给他写一封回信，回信应包括以下内容：1．向John表示问候和安慰。2．针对他的问题提出以下建议：(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动；(2)同学遇到麻烦时，要去帮助他们；(3)自己遇到困难时要向他们求助。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[精彩范文]DearJohn，Iamreallysorrytohearthatyoufeelbadafterenteringhighschool.I'dliketotalkaboutitwithyou.Infact,inyourhighschool,yourclassmatesarealsonewstudentsandfacingthesameproblem,soyoudon'thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.Thereisalsosomethingthatyoucandotochangethissituation.First,trytoinvitesomeofyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogetherafterschool.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetter.Then,helpyourclassmateswhentheyareintroubleandturntothemforhelpwhenyouhavedifficulty.Ibelieveyouwillmakemanynewfriendsandhaveahappyschoollifethere.Yours，LiHua课外拓展阅读一阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaishometodiverseregionalcuisinesandagrowingforeign－foodscene,__1__nothingtopsthehotpotritual(用餐习惯)ofplacingfreshingredientsintoaboilingbroth(肉汤),accordingtoanewsurvey.Thesurvey,__2__(publish)byconsultingfirmOC&Cthisweek,foundthathotpotisChinesefavoritemeal.Atotalof2,600peoplethefirmsurveyedin21Chinese__3__(city)inFebruaryalsoplaceddomestichotpotchainHaidilao__4__thetopofthelistofthecountry's10favoriterestaurants.Hotpotwas__5__(original)eatentoavoidthewintercold,buthasbecomeafavoriteyear－roundfoodinChina.Famoushotpotchainsoftenhavelonglinesofpeoplewaitinghourstoget__6__table,evenonhotsummerdays.Muchofhotpot'spopularitycomesfromtheparticipatory(众人参与的)natureofthecookingprocessandtimeavailableforsocializing.Friendsandfamilysitaroundapotofboilingbroth,droppingmeat,vegetablesandotheringredientsin__7__(cook)andabsorbtheflavors.Whilethefoodcooks,dinerschatandsocialize.Hotpot'ssuccessalso__8__(lie)inthecustomerserviceatleadingchains.RestaurantchainssuchasHaidilaoprovideattentiveserviceforcustomers,including__9__(entertain),suchasadanceperformancein__10__waitersthrowdough(面团)tomakenoodles.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火锅及其受欢迎的原因。)1．but考查连词。上文说中国有许多不同菜系，外国美食热也开始兴起，下文说它们都敌不过火锅，根据上下文语境可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。2．published考查非谓语动词。survey和publish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词作后置定语。3．cities考查名词。由空前的数字21可知，此处应填所给名词的复数。4．at考查介词。atthetopof为固定表达，意为“在……顶部”，atthetopofthelist意为“在榜首”。5．originally考查词性转换。这里是副词作状语，语意为“吃火锅原本是为了在冬天御寒”。6．a考查冠词。此处表示“人们排几个小时的队是为了得到一张桌子，也就是吃上一口火锅”，为泛指，用不定冠词。7．tocook考查非谓语动词。句意：亲朋好友围坐在一锅沸腾的汤前，将肉、蔬菜和其他食材下进锅里去，以烹制并吸收味道。这里用动词不定式作目的状语。8．lies考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时。主语Hotpot'ssuccess为单数形式，故填lies。9．entertainment考查词性转换。介词including后接名词作宾语。10．which考查定语从句的引导词。此处是“in＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为performance，故用which。二阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Tonywasborn__1__asmallfarmnearYumaArizonaonMarch31,1931.Tonywastenyearsold__2__hebeganworkinginthefields.Hewasforcedtoleaveschoolafter__3__(graduate)fromtheeighthgradeinordertosupporthisfamilywhoh