职称英语卫生类a级模拟46

职称英语卫生类A级模拟46

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1>Iamnotcertainwhetherhewillcome.

A.determinedB.sureC.sorryD.glad

2、Sheseemedtohavedetectedsomeangerinhisvoice.

A.noticedB.heardC.realizedD.got

3、PleasedonothesitatetocallmeifIcanbeoffurtherassistance.

A.contactB.seeC.helpD.

touch

4、InshortzIamgoingtolivetheremyself.

A.InotherwordsB.ThatistosayC.InawordD.Tobe

frank

5、Hehastroubleunderstandingthatotherpeoplejudgehimbyhissocial

skillsandconduct.

A.styleB.behaviorC.modeD.

attitude

6、Ihadsomedifficultyincarryingouttheplan.

A.makingB.keepingC.changingD.

implementing

7、Mr.Johnsonevidentlyregardedthisasagreatjoke.

A.readilyB.casuallyC.obviouslyD.

simply

8、WeallthinkthatMary1shusbandisaveryboringperson.

A.shyB.stupidC.dullD.

selfish

9、Theworkersinthatfactorymanufacturefurniture.

A.promoteB.paintC.produceD.polish

10、TheyonlyhaveaHmitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.

A.largeB.totalC.smallD.

similar

11>Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

A.forceB.totalC.smallD.

similar

12、Canyoufollowtheplot?

A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.

understand

13>Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard

14、Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event

15、NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

A.statementsB.beliefsC.suggestionsD.

claims

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句

提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的

信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

TheSea

Whatdoyouknowaboutthesea?Weknowthatitlooksveryprettywhen

thesunisshiningonit.Wealsoknowthatitcanbeveryroughwhenthere

isastrongwind.Whatotherthingsdoweknowaboutit?

Thefirstthingtorememberisthattheseaisverybig.Whenyoulook

atthemapoftheworldyouwillfindthereismorewaterthanland.Thesea

coversthreequartersoftheworld.

Theseaisalsoverydeepinsomeplaces.Itisnotdeepeverywhere.Some

partsoftheseaareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesthedepthofthesea

isverygreat.Thereisonespot,nearJapan,wheretheseaisnearly11kilometers

deep!Thehighestmountainintheworldisabout9kilometershigh.Ifthat

mountainwereputintotheseaatthatplace,therewouldbe2kilometers

ofwateraboveit!Whatadeepplace!

Ifyouhaveswuminthesea,youknowthatitissalty.Youcantastethe

salt.Riverszwhichflowintotheseazcarrysaltfromthelandintothesea.

Somepartsoftheseaaresaltierthanotherparts.Thereisonesea,called

theDeadSea,whichisverysalty.Itissosaltythatswimmerscannotsink!

FishcannotliveintheDeadSea!

Inmostpartsofthesea,thereareplentyoffishesandplants.Somelive

nearthetopofthesea.Otherslivedeepdown.Therearealsomillionsof

tinylivingthingsthatfloatinthesea.Thesefloatingthingsaresosmall

thatitishardtoseethem.Manyfishlivebyeatingthese.

Theseacanbeverycold.Diverswhogodeepdowninthesea,knowthis.

Onthetopthewatermaybewarm.Whenthedivergoesdownwards,theseabecomes

colderandcolder.Anotherthinghappens.Whenthedivergoesdeeper,the

waterabovepressesdownonhim.Itsqueezeshim.Thenthediverhastowear

clothesmadeofmetal.Buthecannotgoverydeep.Somepeoplewhowanted

togoverydeepusedaverystrongdivingship!Theywentdowntothedeepest

partoftheseainit.Theywentdowntoadepthofelevenkilometers!

16>Thesealooksbeautifulwhenitiscalm.

A.RightB,WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Thelandtakesup25%oftheworld.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Theseais6kilometersindepthonaverage.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>TheDeadSeaissosaltythatnothingcanliveinit.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thedeeperonegoesdowninthesea,thefewerfishesandplantshecan

find.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Thedeeperadivergoesdowninthesea,thegreaterwaterpressurehe

bears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Divershavetouseaverystrongdivingshipwhentheywanttogodown

tothedeepestpartoftheseamainlybecauseitisextremelycoldthere.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：①第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4段每

段选择1个最佳标题；②第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳

选项。

TransportandTrade

1.Transportisoneoftheaidstotrade.Bymovinggoodsfromplaceswhere

theyareplentifultoplaceswheretheyarescarce,transportaddstotheir

value.Themoreeasilygoodscanbebroughtoverthedistancethatseparates

producerandconsumer,thebetterfortrade.Whentherewerenorailways,

nogoodroads,nocanals,andonlysmallsailingships,tradewasonasmall

scale.

2.Thegreatadvancesmadeintransportduringthelasttwohundredyears

wereaccompaniedbyabigincreaseintrade.Biggerandfastershipsenabled

atradeinmeattodevelopbetweenBritainandNewZealand,forinstance.

Quickertransportmakespossiblemass-productionandbigbusiness,drawing

suppliesfrom,andsellinggoodsto,allpartsoftheglobal.Bigfactories

couldnotexistwithouttransporttocarrythelargenumberofworkersthey

needtoandfromtheirhomes.Bigcitystorescouldnothavedevelopedunless

customerscouldtraveleasilyfromthesuburbsandgoodsdeliveredtotheir

homes.Bigcitiescouldnotsurviveunlessfoodcouldbebroughtfromadistance.

3.Transportalsopreventswaste.Muchofthefishlandedattheports

wouldbewastedifitcouldnotbetakenquicklytoinlandtowns.Transport

hasgivenusamuchgreatervarietyoffoodsandgoodssincewenolonger

havetoliveonwhatisproducedlocally.Foodszwhichatonetimecouldbe

obtainedonlyduringapartoftheyear,cannowbeobtainedallthroughthe

year.Transporthasraisedthestandardofliving.

4.Bymovingfuelzrawmaterialszandevenpower,asforexample,through

electriccables,transporthasledtotheestablishmentofindustriesand

tradeinareaswheretheywouldhavebeenimpossiblebefore.Districtsand

countriescanconcentrateonmakingthingswhichtheycandobetterandmore

cheaplythanothersandcanthenexchangethemwithoneanother.Thecheaper

andquickertransportbecomes,thelongerthedistanceoverwhichgoodscan

profitablybecarried.Countrieswithpoortransporthavealowerstandard

ofliving.

5.Commercerequiresnotonlythemovingofgoodsandpeoplebutalsothe

carryingofmessagesandinformation.Meansofcommunication,liketelephones,

cablesandradio,sendinformationaboutprices,supplieszandchanging

conditionsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Inthisway,advancedcommunication

systemsalsohelptodeveloptrade.

A.HigherLivingStandard

B.ImportanceofTransportinTrade

C.VariousMeansofTransport

D.BirthofTransport-relatedIndustriesandTrade

E.RoleofInformationinTrade

F.PublicTransportation

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

27、A.tosendgoodstovariouspartsoftheworld

B.atanytimeduringtheyear

C.hasgreatlypromotedtrade

D.isitpossibletoproduceonalargescale

E.thetransportofgoods

F.itispossibletoproduceonalargescale

Thedevelopmentofmodernmeansoftransport

28、Onlywhengoodscanbecarriedtoallpartsoftheworldquickly

29、Transporthasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoeatwhateverfoodtheywant

30、Inthetradeofmodernsocietythetransmissionofinformationplaysas

importantaroleas.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

弟扁

ANewCauseofSuffering

Aconferenceonobesity（月巴胖症）wasrecentlyheldinVienna.Twothousand

expertsfrommorethanfiftycountriesattendedtheconference.According

tostatistics,1.2billionpeopleworldwideareoverweight,and250million

aretoofat.Obesityisrapidlybecominganewcauseofsuffering.

ProfessorFriedrichhopichlerofSalzbergsaid："wearelivinginthenew

agebutwiththemetabolism（新陈代谢）ofastone-ageman.Ihavejustbeen

totheUnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.Apizza（比萨饼）shopisappearing

oneverycorner.WehavebeenoccupiedbyfastfoodandCoca-Cola-ization.n

Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesitywasapotentialkiller.Hopichler

said：''Eightypercentofalldiabetics（糖尿病人）aretoofatzalsofiftypercent

ofallpatientswithhighbloodpressureandfiftypercentwithfattytissue

complaints.Tenpercentmoreweightmeansthirteenpercentmoreriskofheart

disease.Reducingone*sweightbytenpercentleadstothirteenpercentlower

bloodpressure.H

AnotherexpertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshould

improvetheirfinancingofpreventiveprograms."Thehealthinsurancepays

forsurgery（suchasreducingthesizeofthestomach）whenthebody-mass

index（身体质量指数）ismorethan40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116

kilogramsforaheightof1.60meters.Oneshouldstartearlier.n

Toplaksaidthatpreventionshouldbegininschool."Childobesityhas

acloserelationwiththetimewhichchildrenspendinfrontofTVsets.n

31>Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromobesityintheworld?

A.250,000,000.

B.25,000,000.

C.1,200,000,000.

D.120,000,000.

32>TheUnitedStatesiscitedasacountrywhere.

A.obesityisnotaproblematall

B.youcanfindmanynewthings

C.terriblethingshappenallthetime

D.itiseasytobuyfastfood

33、Accordingtothearticle,obesityisassociatedwithallthefollowing

EXCEPT______.

A.highbloodpressure

B.fattytissuecomplaints

C.stomachache

D.heartdisease

34、HermannToplaksuggestedthatmoremoneyshouldbespenton.

A.surgery

B.fatpeople

C.preventiveprograms

D.statehealthservices

35、InToplak1sopinion,themoretimeachildspendswatchingTV.

A.thebetterhewilldoinhisstudies

B.themorelikelyhewillgettoofat

C.thelesslikelyhewillgettoofat

D.themorefriendshewillhaveatschool

弟一

HighStressMayDamageMemory

AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998,elderlypeoplewhoconsistently

1

highbloodlevelsofthestresshormone.Whatsmorezhighlevelsofcortisol

arealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthehippocampus（海马区）,aregionof

thebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningandmemory.

1

Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthenormalz"healthy*

rangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.

Thestudyresults"nowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposure

toadrenal（肾上腺）stresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormal

elderlyhumans,'*writeNadaPorterandPhillipLandfield.Cortisolisahormone

releasesinresponsetostressbytheadrenalglands（N）,whichsitontop

ofthekidneys（肾）.

Overa5to6yearperiod,Dr.SoniaLupineandhiscolleaguesmeasures

24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteerszmostofwhomwereintheir

70s.

Theresearcherstestedthevolunteers*memoryonsixpeopleinthe

increasing/highcategoryandfivepeopleinthedecreasing/moderategroup.

Thegroupsdidnotdifferintestsofimmediatememory,buttheincreasing/high

cortisolgrouphadothermemoryproblemscomparedwiththoseinthe

decreasing/moderategroup.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusin

thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14%lowerthanthoseinthe

decreasing/moderategroup,althoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain

regions.

Theresultssuggestthat"brainagingcanbeacceleratedbylevelsofadrenal

hormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedaspathological（病态的）andthat

variationwithinthisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariationintherateof

brainaging,nwritePorterandLandfield.Thisfurthersuggeststhatchronic

stressmayacceleratetheworseningofthehippocampus.

36、Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinone1slearningandmemory?

A.Thekidneys.

B.Theadrenalhormone.

C.Thestresshormone.

D.Thehippocampus.

37、Whenthelevelsofcortisolgohigh,thehippocampus.

A.mayexpand

B.mayshrink

C.maydisappear

D.mayfunctionbetter

38、Accordingtothepassage,whenpeopleareunderstress.

A.theadrenalglandswillproducecortisol

B.thekidneyswillshrinkrapidly

C.thehippocampuswillproducecortisol

D.thebrainwillworkmoreefficiently

39、Itappearsthatwhenthehippocampusshrinkssuetohighlevelsofcortisol,

otherbrainregions_______.

A.maychangedramatically

B.maystopfunctioning

C.mayremainunaffected

D.maybeseriouslydamaged

40、TheresearchconductedbyPorterandLandfieldshowedthat.

A.thelevelsofadrenalhormoneshavenothingtodowithbrainaging

B.changesinthelevelsofadrenalhormonescanaffectbrainaging

C.chronicstressmaystrengthenone1smemory

D.therateofbrainagingalwaysremainsstable

第-二-答

ValuingChildhood

Thevalueofchildhoodiseasilyblurred（模糊）intoday1sworld.Consider

somerecentdevelopmentszthechiId-murdersintheJonesboro,Ark,schoolyard

shootingcasewereconvictedandsentenced.Twoboysz7and8,werecharged

inthemurderofan11-year-oldgirlinChicago.

Childrenwhocommithorriblecrimesappeartoactoftheirownwill.Yet,

aslegalproceedingsinJonesboroshowed,theoneboywhowasntoaddress

thecourtcouldn*tbegintoexplainhisactszthoughhetriedtoapologize.

Theremayhavebeenamotiveyouthfuljealousyandresentment.Butadeeper

questionremains.Whydidtheseboysandothersinsimilartroubleapparently

lackanyinner,moralrestraint（束缚）？

ThatquestionechoesfortheaccusedinChicago,youngastheyare.They

wantedthegirl*sbicycle,aselfishimpulse（冲动）commonenoughamongkids.

Redemption（拯救）isapracticalnecessity.Howcanvalueberestoredto

younglivesdistorted（扭曲）byactsofviolence?TheboysinJonesboroand

inChicagowillbeconfinedininstitutionsforarelativelyshorttime.Despite

horroratwhatwasdonechildrenarenot—cannotbedealtwithasadultsznot

ifapeoplewantstoconsideritselfcivilized.That*swhypoliticians*cries

foradulttreatmentofyouthfulcriminalsultimatelymissthepoint.

Butthemoralvoid（真空）thatinvitesviolencehasmanysources.Family

instability（不稳定）contributes.Sodoeseconomicstress.Thatvoid,however,

canbefilled.Theworkstartswithparents,whohavetoaskthemselveswhether

they*redoingenoughtogivetheirchildrenafirmsenseofrightandwrong.Are

theyreallymonitoringtheiractivitiesandtheirdevelopingprocessesof

thought?

Schools,too,havearoleinbuildingcharacter.Sodoyouthorganizations.

Sodolawenforcementagencies,whichcandomoretoinformtheyoungabout

laws,theirmeaning.Andtheirobservance（遵守）.

41、ThetwoboysinChicagowere

A.shotB.murdered

C.accusedD.setfree

42、TheboysJonesboroandChicagoapparentlylackedasenseof.

A.rightandwrongB.humor

C.gratitudeD.safety

43、Accordingtopoliticians,whenchildrencommitcrimes,theyshouldbe

treatedinthesamewayas.

A.murderersB.criminals

C.victimsD.adults

44、Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterciteasasourceofmoralvoid?

A.Officialcorruption.B.Socialinjustice.

C.Familyinstability.D.Racialprejudice.

45^WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Parentsshouldgivetheirchildreninstructioninmorality.

B.Schoolsshouldhelpcreateamoralsenseinchildren.

C.Lawenforcementagenciesshoulddomoretohelpchildrenunderstand

laws.

D.Youthorganizationshavenoroletoplayinbuildingcharacter.

第5部分：补全对话

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将

其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

EinsteinNamedHPersonoftheCentury11

AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravel

thesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenasHPersonofthe

Century"byTimemagazineonSunday.

AmanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgeniuszEinsteinhas

cometorepresentmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcentury

scientificthoughthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.

"Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyother

centuryinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,but

technological—technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasic

sciencewrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplaining

Einstein*ssignificance.46

Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthe

triumphoffreedomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhiasanicon

foracenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobal

politics.

"WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom's

fightagainsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeof

individualsstrugglingfortheirrightszandEinsteinbeingbothagreatgenius

andagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazing

technologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedom,'*saidTime

magazineEditorWalterIsaacson.

EinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.47Hewasslowtolearnto

speakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.Hecouldnotstomachorganized

learningandloathedtakingexams.

In1905zhowever,hewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthe

mostintricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory.48Everything

else—masszweightzspace,eventimeitselfisavariable.Andheofferedthe

worldhisnow-famousequation：energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflight

squared-E=mc2.

49nTherewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebut

alsooftruthandmorality."

Einstein*sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopment

ofatomicenergyandweapons.In1939,sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascism

andsettledatPrincetonUniversity,Einstein,anavowedpacifistzsigned

alettertoPresidentRoosevelturgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomic

bombbeforeNaziGermanydid.50Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.

Einsteindied