职称英语理工类a级模拟25

职称英语理工类A级模拟25

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Themoviehasasatisfyingending.

A.pleasingB.sad

C.interestingD.horrific

2、Thebadnewsupsetmeverymuch.

A.disturbB.sadden

C.angerD.disappoint

3、TherearevariouskindsoffoodinChina.

A.lotB.many

C.differentD.delicious

4、Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.

A.instantB.infinite

C.inexpensiveD.inadequate

5、Ifwoolisputintohotwater,ittendstoshrink.

A.disappearB.expand

C.breakD.contract

6、Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinallyexpired.

A.firedB.resigned

C.diedD.retreated

7、It1ssensibletostartanyexerciseprogramgraduallyatfirst.

A.workableB.reasonable

C.possibleD.available

8、Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.

A.maintainB.improve

C.assessD.protect

9、Thechemicalisdeadlytoratsbutsafetocattle.

A.fatalB.hateful

C.goodD.useful

10>Alotofpeoplecouldfallillafterdrinkingcontaminatedwater.

A.boiledB.polluted

C.mixedD.sweetened

11、Inordertoimproveourstandardofliving,wehavetoaccelerateproduction.

A.involveB.decrease

C.speedupD.giveup

12>Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.

A.strangeB.personal

C.complexD.funny

13、Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembership

cardsatalltimes.

A.suggestedB.warned

C.statedD.confirmed

14、Hertreatmentofthesubjectisexhaustive.

A.veryboringB.verythorough

C.veryinterestingD.verytouching

15>Hermoodcanbegaugedbyherreactiontothemosttrivialofincidents.

A.displayedB.shown

C.provedD.assessed

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

PlantsinDesert

Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert,forthese

areregionswheretheannualrangeofthesoiltemperaturecanbeover75℃.

Furthermore,duringthesummertherearefewcloudsintheskytoprotect

plantsfromthesun*sray.Anotherproblemisthefactthattherearefrequently

strongwindswhichdrivesmall,sharpparticlesofsandintotheplants,tearing

anddamagingthem.Themostdifficultproblemforallformsofplantlife,

however,isthefactthattheentireannualrainfalloccursduringafewdays

orweeksinspring.

Grassesandflowersindesertsurvivefromoneyeartothenextbyexisting

throughthelong,hotzdryseasonintheformofseeds.Theseseedsremain

inactiveunlesstherightamountofrainfalls.Ifnorainfalls,orif

insufficientrainfalls,theywaituntilthenextyear,orevenstillthe

next.Anotherfactorthathelpstheseplantstosurviveisthefactthattheir

lifecyclesareshort.Bythetimethatthewaterfromthespringrains

disappears—justafewweeksafteritfalls—suchplantsnolongerneedany.

Theperennialshavespecialfeatureswhichenablethemtosurviveasplants

forseveralyears.Thusznearlyalldesertperennialshaveextensiveroot

systemsbelowgroundandasmallshootsystemaboveground.Thelargeroot

networkenablestheplanttoabsorbasmuchwateraspossibleinashorttime.

Thesmallshootsystem,ontheotherhand,considerablylimitswaterloss

byevaporation.

Anotherfeatureofmanydesertperennialsisthataftertherainyseason

theylosetheirleavesinpreparationforthelong,dryseason,justastrees

inwetterclimateslosetheirsinpreparationforthewinter.Thisreduces

theirwaterlossbyevaporationduringthedryseason.Then,innextrainy

season,theycomefullyaliveoncemorezandgrownewbranches,leavesand

flowerszjustasthegrassesandflowersindesertdo.

16、Ordinaryplantsareunabletosurviveinthedesertmainlybecauseof

thechangeableweather.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Grassesandflowersindesertareabletosurvivebecausetheystayin

theformofseedstowaitfortherightamountofwatertocome.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Grassesandflowersinthedesertwhoselifecyclesareshortshowstheir

abilitytoadapttothequickdisappearanceofrainwaterthereafteritfails

inspring.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Winteristhetoughestseasonforgrassesandflowerstosurviveindesert.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Theshootsystemofperennialscanhelptheplantsabsorblessofthe

sun*sray.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Thethemeofthesecondlastparagraphiswhytheperennialscansurvive

asplantsforseveralyears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Desertperennialslosetheirleavesaftertherainyseasonjustastrees

losetheirsinwetterclimatesbeforewinterarrives,butthereasonsfor

thisfeaturearedifferent.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段

选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

LocalNewspapersinBritain

1.Britainhasalargecirculation（发行量）ofthenationalnewspapers.TheDaily

MirrorandTheDailyExpressbothsellabout4millioncopieseachday.Onaverage,

everyfamilywillbuyonenewspaperinthemorning,andtaketwoorthreeonSundays.

2.LocalnewspapersarejustaspopularasthenationalonesinBritain.Local

papershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Nearlyeverytownandcountryareahas

itsownpaper,andalmosteverylocalpaperisHnanciallyholdingitsown.Manylocal

newspapersareearninggoodprofits.

3.Localnewspapershavetheirspecialcharacteristics.Theymainlysatisfyinterest

inlocalevents-births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetings,andsports.Editorsoftenrely

onasmallstaffofpeoplewhoknowthedistrictwell.Clubsandchurchesinthe

neighborhoodregularlysupplythesepaperswithmuchlocalnews.Localnewsdoesnot

getoutofdateasquicklyasnationalnews.Ifthereisnoroomforitinthisweek's

edition,anewsitemcanbeheldoveruntilthefollowingweek.

4.Theeditorofalocalnewspaperneverforgetsthatthesuccessofanynewspaper

dependsonadvertising.Forthisreason,heiskeentokeepthegoodwilloflocal

businessmen.Ifthenewspapersellswellwithcarefullychosennewsitemstoattract

localreaders,thebusinessmenwillbegratefultothepaperfortheopportunityof

keepingtheirproductsinthepubliceyes.

5.Localnewspapersseldomcommentonproblemsofnationalimportance,and

editorsrarelytakesidesonpoliticalquestions.Buttheycanoftenprovideservicetothe

communityinexpressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues.Anewspapercansometimes

persuadethecounciltotakeactiontoimprovetransport,providebettershopping

facilities,andpreservelocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest.

A.KeepingGoodRelationswithLocalBusinessmen

B.ServiceProvidedbyLocalNewspapers

C.LargeCirculationoftheNationalNewspapers

D.SpecialFeaturesofLocalNewspapers

E.PowerofLocalNewspapers

F.PopularityofLocalNewspapers

23>Paragraph2

24、paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.alotofmoney

B.nationalpeople

C.morning

D.localpeople

E.nationalissues

F.localissues

27、Britishpeoplehavethehabitofreadingnewspapersinthe

28、ManylocalnewspapersinBritainaremaking.

29、Localnewspapersarewellreceivedbecausetheycarryarticlesthat

please.

30、Localnewspapersrarelygiveopinionson.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

AmericanImmigrants

Thepercentageofimmigrants（includingthoseunlawfullypresent）inthe

Unitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percentzitisnow

higherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

Wearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhencongressopenlyworriedabout

inferiorracespollutingAmerica'sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewondering

whetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcritics

arguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fit

inaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italiansz

Romanians-andmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplary

Americansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothe

buildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrants

shouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducational

andprofessiona1attainmentzthantheirparentszUCLAsociologistEdwardTelles

hasfoundthatthegainsdon11continue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationis

marginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,

hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.Tellesfearsthat

Mexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmerican

blacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired（陷入）inaseemingly

permanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,

Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregatedsubstandard

schools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthe

country.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthe

presumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.Butwhatwehavenotyetlearned

ishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.Iamnottalking

aboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways；thosethings

happenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearup

thecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,

abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don11foreverremain

marginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumented

workers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnot

onlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhave

moreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarfor

thelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinally

gottheanswerright.

31、HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.congressinearlydays?

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation*ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation*sbloodstream.

32、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

33、WhatdoesEdwardTelles'researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

34、Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

35、Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

弟一^扁

SustainableDevelopmentofAgriculture

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy

tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficult

toquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconcept

isputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainable

developmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproper

appreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculture

haschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.Medieval

agricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantly

ruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithad

minimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypically

localized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（营养成分）capturedinthe

productitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.

Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.

Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,saferandmorereliable.However,

thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（栖息地）lossandtodiminishing

biodiversity.

What1smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowing

sofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgraina

yearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamount

ofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobevery-

differentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.

Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpractices

areinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthe

notionthatagriculturecanbenzeroimpact*1.Thekeywillbetoabandonthe

rathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneed

tomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksatthepros

andcons（正反两方面）ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferent

waystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield：energyuse,

environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itis

clear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpainto

theUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheating

andlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalways

bebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjust

aboutsustainablefoodproduction.

36>Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

A.Byitsproductivity.

B.Byitssustainability.

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

37、Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin.

A.localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

38、Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

39、Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

40、Whatistheauthor1spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

--

EnvironmentalProtection

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfood

supplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing

付巴…固定）legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironment

withrecklessabandon（放任）.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,

economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personal

andindustrialdenialandlongdelays-notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,

butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentives

orproductionsacrifices,thereisanyinitiativeforchange.Whereis

industry*sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind1sgreattreasureis

thesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimefor

environmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrostinessandprovide

leadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblemszthattimeisnow.

Wearebeingasked,and,infactzthepublicisdemandingthatwetake

positiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmental

healthtomakethedifference.Yesztheecologists,theenvironmentalactivists

andtheconservationistsservetocommunicatezstimulatethinkingandpromote

behavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisions

todevelop,improveandenforceenvironmenta1standards,Isubmit,whomust

leadthecharge.

Wemustrecognizethatenvironmenta1healthissuesdonotstopatcity

limits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongerafford

tobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromevery

perspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearly

topreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemust

continuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecan

makeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetween

environmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnical

informationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthese

threegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,

andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollars

trulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

41>Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregard

environmentalprotectionchieflybecause_______.

A.theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

B.theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

C.timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

D.itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

42、Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmenta1activistsand

conservationistsis______.

A.topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

B.toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

C.totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

D.toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmenta1standards

43、Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeansHH.

A.narrow-minded

B.blindtothefacts

C.short-sighted

D.abletoseeonlyoneaspect

44、Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleading

roleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

A.Legislationandgovernmentintervention.

B.Theindustry*sunderstandingandsupport.

C.Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.

D.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsand

conservationists.

45、Whichofthefollowingistreeaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedial

measures.

B.Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.

C.Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.

D.Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.

第5部分：补全短文

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分

别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

TheBuildingofthePyramids

Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.46Thereare

overeightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNile,someofwhichare

differentinshapefromthetruepyramids.Themostfamousofthesearethe

uStepHpyramidandthe"Bentnpyramid.

Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhen

theywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthedamagesufferedbythe

othershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureor,more

often,forstonetouseinmodembuildings.47.Thesearegoodreasonswhy

theycanstillbeseentoday,butperhapsthemostimportantisthatthey

wereplannedtolastforever.48.However,therearenowritingsorpictures

toshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.49・

Nevertheless,byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhave

beenfound,archaeologistshaveformedafairlycleatpictureofthem.

Onethingiscertain：theremusthavebeenmonthsofcarefulplanningbefore

theycouldbegintobuild.50Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeeneasywith

milesandmilesofemptydeser