2024年中考英语语法专项训练及练习讲义现在完成时

unit8现在完成时结构：have/has+V过去分词;have/has为助动词;所有的句型变化由have/has来完成句型结构：肯定句:主语+have+v过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have+not+v过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+V过去分词+其他?肯定回答:主语+have/has.否定回答:主语+have/has+not.定义1:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词:ever曾经;never从不;just刚刚;before以前;sofar到目前为止;twice两次;already已经(肯定句);yet已经(疑问句),还(否定句);inthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里注意区别:already和yet练习：1.用Already或Yet填空1)Shehasn'tebackyet.2)IhavealreadyreadLittleWomen.3)Ihaven'treadLittleWomenyet.4)Haveyouhadlunchyet?5)Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.2.按要求完成句子2)他还没有做完家务.Hehasn'tfinishedhishouseworkyet.3)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.变否定句Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.4).Hehasalreadyfinishedhishousework.变为一般疑问句并回答Hashefinishedhishouseworkyet?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.5).IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)Ihaven'tbeentoMacaubefore.6).Hehasn'tetoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)Whyhasheetoschool?7).Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)Ihavejustboughtanewbike.8).Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.(否定)Theyhaven'tfinishedtheworkyet.Unit9have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和have/hasbeeninever和neverever意思为“曾经”;常用于现在完成时的一般疑问句。Have/Has+主语+ever+过去分词?never意思为“从未”;表示否定。have/has+never+过去分词练习：1.—Whywon'tweplaybasketballwithClass4thisafternoon?—BecausetheyLongzhongforastudytrip.(湖北襄阳)A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.hadgonetoD.hadbeento2.—WhereisCatherine?Ihaven'tseenherfordays.——SheWuhan.She’llbebacknextweek.(湖北黄冈)A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento3.—MissZhangseemsquitefamiliarwithYunnanProvince.—Don'tyouknow?Sheatownschoolthereasavolunteerteacherforover2years.(江苏镇江)A.isinB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento4.WhereisMr.Green?(湖南郴州)Hethebookshop.Youhavetowaitforhim.A.wasgoingtoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeento5.LindahastoParis.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?Don'tworry.Shewillcallyouassoonasshethere.A.been;willgetB.been;getsC.gone;willgetD.gone;gets6.Whereisyouruncle?HeAmericaandheNewYorkfortwoweeks.(四川遂宁)A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;willstayinC.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasstayedin;hasgoneto7.Hello,thisisMaryspeaking.CanIspeaktoMrSmith?Sorry.HetheBeihaiPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto8.youevertoAustralia?Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.were;going9.hetoAmerica?Yes,hewillebacknextmonth.A.Has;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.were;going10.SheknowsthiscitywellbecausesheDtothiscityseveraltimes.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.willgotoD.hasbeento11.WhenyoutotheUK?Twoyearsagohas;beenB.has;gonetoC.did;goD.will;get12.A:Doyouwant(e)tothespacemuseum?B:No,I'vealready(be)therethreetimes.13.A:Haveyou(see)therobotsatthesciencemuseum?B:Yes,I(go)therelastweekend.14.A:Let’s(spend)thedayatthezoo.B:Well,I'vealready(be)thereacoupleoftimes,butI'mhappy(go)again.15.A:Howabout(go)totheartmuseum?TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.B:Sure.Whendoyouwant(go)?16.A:Haveyouever(visit)thehistorymuseum?B:No,I'venever(be)there.答案15AADAD610ABBAD11C12.toe;been13.seen;went14.spend;been;togo15.going;togo16.visited;been定义2:表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。1)since和for的区别since+过去时的从句或过去时间点，表示“动作开始于某个特定的时间点”如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor+一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.fortwoyears5.sinceyesterday2.sincetwoyearsago6.since4o'clock3.sincelastmonth7.for4hours4.since19998.sinceanhourago9.JillhasbeeninIrelandforthreedays.10.Ihaven'tbeentheresinceIleftschool.11.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeentheresince7o'clock.12.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountrysince1974.6.13.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaitingfor20minutes.14.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptyformanyyears.15.Mikehasbeenillforalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalsinceOctober.重点：在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间状语，则句中谓语一定要用延续性动词。延续性动词VS非延续性动词非延续动词又称短暂性动词，它表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束和时间点连用yesterday,twoyearsago,at5o’clock如:begin,start,open,close,leave,die,go,e,finish,buy,stop...延续性动词又称持续性动词。它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响和时间段连用for+一段时间，since+过去的时间，since+时间点名词+ago如:study,work,keep,have,read,sleep...非延续性动词转换为延续性动词一、非延续性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。①arriveat/insp;getto/reachsp;到达→bein/at+地点e/go/movetosp来去...1)HegottoBeijingfiveyearsago.HehasbeeninBeijingforfiveyears.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.IhavebeenintheUSAsince2008.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihavebeenathomeforoneday.4)Theycameherelastweek.Theyhavebeenheresincelastweek.②eto/gobackto/returnto→bebackto(回到)goout→beout(出去)1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.Hehasbeenoutfortwoyears.2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.WehavebeenbacktoBeijingsinceyesterday.③bee→be(成为)1)Ibecameateacherin2020.Ihavebeenateacherforfouryears.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverhasbeendirtyfortwoyears.④close→beclosed(关着)open→beopen(开着)1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshophasbeenclosedfortwohours.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorhasbeenopenedforsixhours.⑤die→bedead(死)leavesp.→beawayfromsp.(离开)fallasleep→beasleep(睡着)finish→beover(结束)marry→bemarried(结婚)1)HeleftShanghaijustnow.HehasbeenawayShanghaiforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2014.Mygrandpahasbeendeadfortenyears.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetinghasbeenoverfortwohours.5)Ifallasleeptwohoursago.Ihavebeenasleepsincetwohoursago.6)Theymarriedin1990.Theyhavebeenmarriedsince1990.⑥begin→beon(开始)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonfortwominutes.⑦borrow→keep(借)buy→have(买)puton→wear(穿着)catch/getacold→haveacold(感冒)gettoknow→know(了解,直到)1)Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyhavekeptitsincelastweek.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.Ihavehadapenfortwohours.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.⑨join→bein/beamemberof....Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.Mybrotherhasbeenamemberofthearmyfortwoyears.练习：Exercise:1.Ihavealready____(see)thefilm.Isaw(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfatherjust(e)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where'sLiMing?He_______(go)totheteacher'soffice.5.I______(work)heresinceI_______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI______(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.Ijust(finish)myhomework.9.He____(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.you(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Ihaveworked(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.13.She(be)illforthreedays.14.Myfather(buy)abookformeyesterday.Healready(pay)fiftyyuanforit.15.She(notread)thisbookbefore.16.Shanghai(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit(bee)alargecity.17.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)havetheybeenhere?18.Theoldmanlastyear.Hehasforayear.(die)(动词填空)19.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义转换)MissGaohassinceanhourago.20.Millieinthisfactorysince1990.A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.haveworked21.Mycousin100modelplanessince2015.A.collectsB.collectingC.hascollectedD.havecollected22.—Yournewwatchissoni