高中英语语法：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

PAGEPAGE2高中英语语法“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelivesinisfaraway.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why=forwhich)关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhich_Icannotseeclearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1.

Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介词+关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。四、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代词或者数词。构成：some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few+of+whom(人）/which(物）

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

There

are

forty

students

in

our

class

in

all,

most

of

whom

are

from

big

cities.

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.这儿有许多书,他借走了两本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我给他买了两件衣服,他一件也不喜欢。练习:()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis()2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,______shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.

A.afterthat

B.fromthatC.fromwhich

D.afterwhich()3.Guncontrolisasubject_________Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.Aforwhich Batwhich Cinwhich Donwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich()10.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,________therewon'tbemuchwork.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,________wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm____，manypeoplehavegonehome.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime()15.WheneverImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebrou