2020-2021学年山东省临沂市高一下学期期末阶段性教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2020-2021学年山东省临沂市高一下学期期末阶段性教学质量检测英语试题本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanasktheman?A.Whattowearforaparty.B.Whethertoattendaparty.C.Howtomakefriendsataparty.2.Whenwilltheboygotobed?A.At9:40.B.At9:50.C.At10:103.Whatdidthemanthinkofthefestival?A.Mostofitwasgreat.B.Everythingaboutitwasexcellent.C.Thedancemusicwasbetterthanlastyear.4.WherewillthespeakerstakeJerryforlunch?A.Toarestaurant.B.Toacafe.C.Toabar.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Wheretoputthefridge.B.Whentobuyacupboard.C.Whethertomovethefridge.听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatrelationisthewomanlotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclassmate.C.Hisworkmate.7.WhereisQueensland?A.InCanada.B.InAmerica.C.InAustralia.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whyisthemantalkingtothewoman?A.Toaskforsomeadvice.B.Toapologizeforhismistake.C.Tosaythankstoher.9.Whyweretheman'sparentsangrywithhimlastweek?A.Herangthemupatmidnight.B.Hedidn'tgethomeuntilmidnight.C.Hegotintoafightwithhisclassmates.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whattimedoestheflightleave?A.At2:00p.mB.At12:00noonC.At10:00a.m.11.Whatisthewomangoingdotoday?A.WriteareportB.Visitacustomer.C.TalkwithMr.Smith.12.Wherewillthespeakermeet?A.Atanexhibitioncenter.B.Atthehomeoffice.C.Atacoffeeshop.所第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Shewantstochooseagoodsport.B.Shecan'tfindthewaytoagym.C.Shewantstojoinagym.14.Whatdoesthemanlikebest?A.Weight-lifting.B.Swimming.C.Dancing.15.Howdoesthemanpay?A.IncashB.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheque.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandointheend?AMeethimtomorrow.B.Bringhersportsshoes.C.Godancingthreetimesaweek.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeaker'spurposetogivethetalk?A.Totellaboutamuseumprogram.B.Toteachasciencelesson.C.Tointroduceamuseum.18.Whatwillchildrendothenextmorning?A.Haveacarrace.B.Watchafilm.C.Createscienceprojects.19.Whatwillthespeakerdoafterthetalk?A.Leaveforthemuseum.B.Showthelistenersaround.C.Answerthelisteners'questions.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.Childrendon'tneedtobringanything.B.Childrenwilllearmaboutplasticnexttime.C.Childrenunder14aren'tallowedtotakepart.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.TheNetherlandsAmsterdamhostsoneoftheworld'slargeststreetpartiesonNewYear'sEve.Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmid-night.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswI'lldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.DamSquare(thecraziest),Nieuwmarkt,andLeidsepleinhostunofficialstreetpartieswithmusic,fireworksandbeertents.Amsterdam'scelebrationisnotforthecasualpartier:Someattendantshavecomparedittoawarzone!ScotlandCelebratingHogmanay,whichstandsforthelastdayoftheyear,isabigdealinScotland.ItissograndthatitoftenovershadowsChristmas.ChristmaswasoutlawedbytheChurchofScotlandfornearlyfourcenturies,anditdidn'tmakeacomebackuntil1958.Thoughtheholidayhasregaineditspopularity,theNewYearFestivalofHogmanaystillholdsasacredplaceinScottishhearts.AustraliaSydneyTheUnitedStatesEachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeopleflockloNewYorkCitytoseetheBigAppledropatmidnight.ThisNewYear'sEvetraditionactuallybeganasareplacementforfireworks,whichhadbeenforbiddeninNewYork.Inadditiontowatchingballsdrop,inotherUScitiesyoucanwatchpeaches,giantwalleye,andotherlocallyrelevantsymbolsloweredastheclockstrikesmidnight.1.Whatiseatingoliebollenmainlyrelatedto?A.History B.Custom C.Literature D.Location2.Travelerswholiketoseetheshowonthewatermaygoto________.A.Australia B.Scotland C.TheNetherland D.TheUnitedStates3.Thepassagemaybetakenfrom________?A.ageographicbook B.atravellingresearchC.anadvertisement D.atouristbrochure【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了荷兰、苏格兰、澳大利亚、美国等国家庆祝新年的活动。1题详解】细节理解题。第二段第二句提到“Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmid-night.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswilldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.”（如果你参加了，在午夜时买一些荷兰油糖饼吃。人们通常认为，吃这些油炸的糖饼可以在新的一年里驱除邪灵。）由此判断，荷兰人把吃油糖饼作为新年里驱除邪灵的仪式，这是一种新年时的风俗。A.History历史；B.Custom风俗；C.Literature文学；D.Location位置，地点。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。在“澳大利亚”部分的第三句提到“Anair-planeshowandawaterdisplayopenthecelebrationat6:00pm.”（下午6点，飞机表演和水上表演拉开了新年庆典活动的序幕。）由此判断，游客想要观看水上表演的可以去澳大利亚。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段提到“DifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.”（不同的文化有其独特的庆祝新年的传统。现在让我们来了解一些世界各地著名的新年传统。）在接下来的几段中，分别介绍了荷兰、苏格兰、澳大利亚、美国各国庆祝新年的传统。告知游客可以参与及欣赏的新年庆祝活动。由此判断，文章出自于旅游手册。A.ageographicbook地理书；B.atravellingresearch旅游调查；C.anadvertisement广告宣传；D.atouristbrochure旅游手册。故选D。BTheCuriosityDetectorwasneverfullysterilizedbeforeitlandedonMar.Andthere'sbeendebatewhethertheroverdrillmightpollutecertainsubsurfaceareasthoughttopotentiallygivebirthtolife.ButitturnsoutthedetectormaynotneedtodrivesomewheretopollutethatspotwithEarth'smicro-livings.Becauseifthereareanytinyearthlivingsonthedetector,thestrongwindsonMarsmightbeabletospreadthemaroundtheRedPlanetinstead.“WindstormsareverycommononMars.Soyouhaveonepointofpollution,andgiventheproperconditions,youcouldspreadwhateveryouwerecarryingtheretodistantplaces."SaidArmandoAzua-Bustos,aresearchscientistattheCenterforAstrobiologyattheSuperiorCouncilofScientificResearchinSpain.Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.There,histeamplacedcontainersalongtwopathscuttingfromthecoastintothedriestpartsoftheAtacama.Onepathwas30mileslong;theother40mileslong.Theywaitedforwindstodelivercoastaldusttothecontainers.Thentheygrewwhateverlanded.Onbothpathstheyfoundamountsofbacteriaspecies,whichsuggeststhatmicro-livingsareindeedabletoflyoverthedriestandmostsun-shineddesertonEarthinjustafewhours—andarriveunharmed.ThedetailsareinthejournalScientificReports.TheresearcherssaywindcouldthereforebeawaytoeasilypolluteanotherplanetwithEarthmicro-livingsifspacecraftaren'tsterilized—orawayforMartianlifeinonce-fertileareastogivebirthtoothersbylyingondustinthewind.4.WhyistheredebateovertheCuriosityRover?A.Becauseitcan'tdriveanywherebyitselfwithoutwind.B.BecauseitsdrillmaydamagethesurfaceofMars.C.BecauseithasbeenpollutedbeforeitlandedonMars.D.BecauseitmaydestroythepotentialenvironmentoflifeonMarswithEarth'smicro-livings.5.HowdidAzua-Bustos'teamfindsupportiveevidenceforhisopinion?A.TheystudiedthedataofwindstormsaboutMars.B.TheydidanexperimentunderthesimilarconditionsofMars.C.TheyfoundalargequantityofbacteriaonMars.D.TheyusedthedetailsinthejournalScientificReports.6.AccordingtoAzua-Bustos,Earth'smicro-livingsonMarsmaybespreadmainlyby________.A.thedetector'sdrill B.twopaths C.strongwind D.drivingaround7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheconditionsonMarsaresimilartothoseonEarth.B.ThestrongwindonMarscanpollutethemicro-livingsinthesubsurfacearea.C.Allspacecraftsmustbesterilizedbeforetheyarelaunchedintospace.D.Chile'sAtacana【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。好奇号探测器在3月着陆前从未完全消毒过，这引发了人们关于探测器可能用地球上的微生物破坏火星上潜在的生命环境的争论。对此科学家ArmandoAzua-Bustos进行了一项实验，来支持他的观点，介绍了实验过程。研究人员说，因此，如果航天器不消毒的话，风可能很容易让地球上的微生命污染另一个星球。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Andthere'sbeendebatewhethertheroverdrillmightpollutecertainsubsurfaceareasthoughttopotentiallygivebirthtolife.ButitturnsoutthedetectormaynotneedtodrivesomewheretopollutethatspotwithEarth'smicro-livings.(人们一直在争论，漫游者钻探是否会污染某些被认为可能孕育生命的地下区域。但事实证明，探测器可能不需要开到某个地方，就可以用地球上的微生物污染那个地方)”可知，好奇号之所以引发争论是因为它可能用地球上的微生物破坏火星上潜在的生命环境。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.(Azua-Bustos现在更加确信这种传播是可能的，因为他的团队在智利阿塔卡马沙漠进行了一项实验，那里的条件与火星非常相似)”可知，Azua-Bustos的团队通过在火星相似的条件下做了一个实验，来找到支持他观点的证据。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““WindstormsareverycommononMars.Soyouhaveonepointofpollution,andgiventheproperconditions,youcouldspreadwhateveryouwerecarryingtheretodistantplaces."saidArmandoAzua-Bustos,aresearchscientistattheCenterforAstrobiologyattheSuperiorCouncilofScientificResearchinSpain.(“风暴在火星上很常见。所以你有一个污染点，在适当条件下，你可以把你带到那里的任何东西传播到遥远的地方。”西班牙高等科学研究委员会天体生物学中心的研究科学家ArmandoAzua-Bustos说)”可知，据Azua-Bustos说，火星上的地球微生物可能主要通过强风传播。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.(Azua-Bustos现在更加确信这种传播是可能的，因为他的团队在智利阿塔卡马沙漠进行了一项实验，那里的条件与火星非常相似)”以及倒数第二段中“Onbothpaths,theyfoundamountsofbacteriaspecies,whichsuggeststhatmicro-livingsareindeedabletoflyoverthedriestandmostsun-shineddesertonEarthinjustafewhours—andarriveunharmed.(在这两条路径上，他们都发现了大量的细菌物种，这表明微型生物确实能够在几小时内飞过地球上最干燥、阳光最充足的沙漠，并且毫发无损地到达)”可知，D选项“智利的阿塔卡纳沙漠是地球上最干燥和阳光最充足的沙漠之一”正确。故选D。CJuly20marks50yearssincehumanbeingsfirstlandedonthemoon.Thatdayin1969madeastronautsNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinwell-knownnames.Butyearsbeforethat,alesser-knownfigurewasonamissiontomakethatfirstmoonlandingpossible.HisnamewasJohnHoubolt,thesonofDutchimmigrants.HouboltgrewuponafarminJoliet,Illinois.HestudiedengineeringattheItwasthere,intheearly1960s,thathemadehiscareertodefendwhatwas,atthetime,anunpopularidea—butwouldultimatelybecriticaltogettingApollo11tothemoonandsafelyback.“Johnoncefacedamixtureofindifferenceuntilthingsstartedtochange,andengineersstartedtorealizehisdatamightberight.”ToddZwillich,authoroftheoriginalaudio-bookaboutHoubolt'slife.ItiscalledTheManWhoKnewtheWaytotheMoon.SowhatwasHoubolt'sunpopularidea?Hedefendedwhat'scalledlunarorbitrendezvous.Theideainvolvessendingaspacecraftintoorbitaroundthemoon—andfromthere,sendingonlyasmalllightspacevehicledowntothemoon'ssurface,insteadoftheentirespaceship.ZwillichsayswhileHouboltdidn'tinventtheidea,hewastheonewhostartedtoapplyit.Mostpeoplewhoknowthemostaboutthismissionfeelthatwithoutlunarorbitrendezvous,Apollo11couldn'thavesucceeded.AndwithoutJohnHoubolt,youprobablywouldnothavehadlunarorbitrendezvous.Zwillich'sbookalsoexploresthekindsofchallengesNASAengineersfacetoday,astheymakeplanstogetbacktothemoonand,ultimately,toMars,ordersofmagnitudeofabiggerproblem,whichbringingusalotofproblemstothinkabout.Thoseproblems,hesays,createplentyofdebatestoday.WiththestoryofJohnHouboltasanexample,somethingconsideredhighlyunlikelynowmightbethekeytoeventuallyputtingpeopleontheRedPlanet.8.What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceJohnHouboltandhiscontributionstospaceexploration.B.ToexplaintheeffortshumanbeingsmadetoexploretheMoon.C.TointroduceabookwhichtellsthestoryofJohnHoubolt.D.Toexplainachievementshumanbeingshavemadeonexploringthespace.9.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoJohnHoubolts’theory?A.Doubtful B.Favorable C.Critical D.Objective10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inparagraph3referto?A.Zwillich'sbook B.JohnHoubolt C.Apollo1l D.lunarorbitrendezvous11.Fromthelastparagraphwecanknowthat________.A.JohnHoubolt'sideaisvitaltoexploretheMars.B.humanbeingsareunabletolandontheMarstoday.C.peoplecandoanythingaslongastheyhavethedetermination.D.conceptsunacceptabletodaymaybeusefulfortomorrow'sresearch.【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了JohnHoubolt提出了一项在当时不受欢迎，但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要的理论。他为所谓的月球轨道交会进行了辩护，大多数了解这次任务的人都认为，如果没有月球轨道交会，阿波罗11号就不可能成功。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“HisnamewasJohnHoubolt,thesonofDutchimmigrants.HouboltgrewuponafarminJoliet,Illinois.HestudiedengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisandeventuallyworkedhiswaytoNASA.(他的名字叫JohnHoubolt，是荷兰移民的儿子。Houbolt在伊利诺斯州朱利埃特的一个农场长大。他在伊利诺伊大学学习工程学，最终在美国国家航空航天局工作)”结合文章主要介绍了JohnHoubolt提出了一项在当时不受欢迎，但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要的理论。他为所谓的月球轨道交会进行了辩护，大多数了解这次任务的人都认为，如果没有月球轨道交会，阿波罗11号就不可能成功。可推知，文章的目的是介绍【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Itwasthere,intheearly1960s,thathemadehiscareertodefendwhatwas,atthetime,anunpopularidea—butwouldultimatelybecriticaltogettingApollo11tothemoonandsafelyback.(正是在那里，在20世纪60年代初，他的职业生涯为一个在当时不受欢迎的想法辩护——但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要)”可推知，作者对JohnHoubolt的理论持支持态度。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“ToddZwillich,authoroftheoriginalaudio-bookaboutHoubolt'slife.”可知，ToddZwillich是讲述Houbolt生平的原版有声书的作者。而ToddZwillich的这本书名叫《知道月球之路的人》。故画线词指的是“Zwillich的书”。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“WiththestoryofJohnHouboltasanexample,somethingconsideredhighlyunlikelynowmightbethekeytoeventuallyputtingpeopleontheRedPlanet.(以JohnHoubolt的故事为例，一些现在看来极不可能的事情可能是最终将人类送上火星的关键)”可知，如今不能接受的概念可能对明天的研究有用。故选D。DWhenyouwalkwithabackpack,youknowhowthebelongingsinsideswingsfromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtomakeuseofthatmovementtogenerateelectricity.Here'showitworks.Imagineapendulumfixedtoabackpackframeandfixedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack'sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Gearsthenusethatswingingmotiontodriveagenerator,andthegeneratorreleaseelectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.Volunteerscarriedthepackwhilewalkingonarunningmachineandworemaskstomeasuretheflowofoxygenandcarbondioxide.Walkingwiththeslightlyswing20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffectthevolunteers'metabolicratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofspeedingupforcethey'dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickleofelectricity—thekeywordbeingtrickle.Becauseifyouuptheloadto45pounds,thepassivemotionofthepackcouldfullychargeaSamsungGalaxyS10smartphoneonlyafter12hoursontheway.ThedetailsareinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Buthere'sthebackpackdifficulty:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearchersaythat'saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheload,toensurethepackchargesyouupwithoutweighingyoudown.12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theworkingtheoryofanewelectricaldevice.B.Theworkingtheoryofabackpackgeneratingelectricity.C.Thediscoveryofusingabackpack'smovementtogenerateelectricity.D.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingabackpacktogenerateelectricity.13.Whatotherbenefitdoesthebackpackhave?A.losingweight. B.chargingadevice. C.savingmoney. D.walkingcomfortably.14.Whichofthefollowingismostrelevanttotheamountofelectricity?A.walkingdistance. B.loadweight. C.swingtime. D.movingspeed.15.Whyistheredifficultyofcarryingthebackpack?A.Thegeneratoristooheavy. B.Theelectricityistoolow.C.Ittakestoomuchtime. D.Theelectricityisn'tsteady.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家如今发现了如何利用背包的运动来进行发电，介绍了其工作原理以及仍存在的困难。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whenyouwalkwithabackpack,youknowhowthebelongingsinsideswingsfromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtomakeuseofthatmovementtogenerateelectricity.(当你背着背包走路时，你知道背包里的东西是如何左右摆动的吗？现在科学家们已经知道如何利用这种运动来发电)”结合文章主要说明了科学家如今发现了如何利用背包的运动来进行发电，介绍了其工作原理以及仍存在的困难。可知，文章主要说明了利用背包的运动来发电的发现。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofspeedingupforcethey'dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.(事实上，能量收集背包减少了他们在普通背包中感受到的加速力量，这可能意味着长途徒步旅行更舒适)”可知，这个背包其他的好处是走路很舒服。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Becauseifyouuptheloadto45pounds,thepassivemotionofthepackcouldfullychargeaSamsungGalaxyS10smartphoneonlyafter12hoursontheway.(因为如果你把负载增加到45磅，背包的被动运动可以在路上12个小时后给三星GalaxyS10智能手机充满电)”可知，负载的重量与电量最相关。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Buthere'sthebackpackdifficulty:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearchersaythat'saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheload,toensurethepackchargesyouupwithoutweighingyoudown.(但背包的难点在于：能量收集装置目前重达5磅。研究人员表示，这多出了4磅，不能作为电池的智能替代品。所以他们希望更多的研究能让他们减轻负重，确保背包能让你充电而不会让你感到沉重)”可知，背这个背包会有困难因为发电机太重了。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThepoweroflanguagesLanguageistheprimarytoolforexpressionandcommunication.Itisasomagicalthingthatsometimesitwillmakepeoplefallintoabyssandanothertimeitwillmakepeopleinthesky.____16____Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.____17____“Understandingwhyandhowlanguagesdiffertellsabouttherangeofwhatishuman,”saidProfessorDanJurafsky.“Discoveringwhat'suniversalaboutlanguagescanhelpusunderstandthecoreofourhumanity.”Thefollowingsrepresentsomeofthewaysscholarshaveinvestigatedmanyaspectsoflanguages.____18____Onestudyshowedthatarelativelyharmlesssentence,suchas"girlsareasgoodasboysatmath",canshowadeepermeaning.Becauseofthestatement'sgrammaticalstructure,itimpliesthatbeinggoodatmathismorecommonforboysthangirls,theresearcherssaid.Languages'uniquenessPeoplespeakroughly7,000languagesworldwide.____19____.Jurafskysaidit'simportanttostudydifferentlanguagesandhowtheydevelopovertimebecausethatcanhelpscholarsunderstandwhatliesatthefoundationofhumans'uniquewayofcommunicatingwithothers.Languagesasalens(镜头)intobehaviorScholarsanalyzehowcertainspeechpatternscorrespondtoparticularbehaviors,includinghowlanguagescanimpactpeople'sbuyingdecisionsorinfluencetheirsocialmediause.____20____A.DeepermeaningsoflanguagesB.Grammaticalstructure'sfunctionoflanguagesC.Languageshavedifferentspeechpatternsanddifferentbehaviors.D.Althoughthereisalotincommonamonglanguages,eachoneisuniqueE.Theyconsiderlanguagesasacultural,socialandpsychologicalphenomenon.F.Theyfoundthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentinfluencesonmakingsomedecisions.G.Studyinghowpeopleuselanguagescanhelpusbetterunderstandourselvesandwhywebehavethewaywedo.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。语言是表达和交流的主要工具。它是一件很神奇的东西，有时它会让人坠入深渊，有时它会让人在天空中。文章主要介绍了学者们研究语言各个方面的一些方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Languageistheprimarytoolforexpressionandcommunication.Itisasomagicalthingthatsometimesitwillmakepeoplefallintoabyssandanothertimeitwillmakepeopleinthesky.(语言是表达和交流的主要工具。它是一件很神奇的东西，有时它会让人坠入深渊，有时它会让人在天空中)”以及下一段中“Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.(学者们设法确定我们使用的语言的独特性和普遍性，它们是如何习得的，以及它们是如何随着时间而变化的)”可知，上文提到了语言的神奇之处，后文则提到了学者们对语言的研究，可知本句是在说明研究人员对于语言会对人们产生不同影响现象的研究，故G选项“研究人们如何使用语言可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及我们为什么会有这样的行为”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.(学者们设法确定我们使用的语言的独特性和普遍性，它们是如何习得的，以及它们是如何随着时间而变化的)”可知，上文提到了学者们设法确定我们使用的语言的独特性和普遍性，可知本句应承接上文继续说明学者对语言的看法，E选项中They指代上文中Scholars。故E选项“他们认为语言是一种文化、社会和心理现象”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据本段内容“Onestudyshowedthatarelativelyharmlesssentence,suchas"girlsareasgoodasboysatmath",canshowadeepermeaning.Becauseofthestatement'sgrammaticalstructure,itimpliesthatbeinggoodatmathismorecommonforboysthangirls,theresearcherssaid.(一项研究表明，一句相对无害的句子，如“女生和男生数学一样好”，可以表达更深的意思。研究人员说，从这句话的语法结构来看，这意味着男孩比女孩更擅长数学)”可知，本段的主旨在于说明语言可以表达更深层次的意思，A选项中Deepermeanings对应后文中deepermeaning。故A选项“语言的深层意义”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Peoplespeakroughly7,000languagesworldwide.(全世界大约有7000种语言)”以及后文“Jurafskysaidit'simportanttostudydifferentlanguagesandhowtheydevelopovertimebecausethatcanhelpscholarsunderstandwhatliesatthefoundationofhumans'uniquewayofcommunicatingwithothers.(尤拉夫斯基说，研究不同的语言以及它们如何随着时间的推移而发展，这很重要，因为这可以帮助学者们理解人类独特的交流方式的基础是什么)”可知，上文提到了全世界的语言种类，后文则提到语言可以帮助学者们理解人们交流的独特性，D选项中unique对应后文中unique。故D选项“虽然语言之间有很多共同之处，但每一种语言都是独特的”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Scholarsanalyzehowcertainspeechpatternscorrespondtoparticularbehaviors,includinghowlanguagescanimpactpeople'sbuyingdecisionsorinfluencetheirsocialmediause.(学者们分析特定的言语模式如何对应特定的行为，包括语言如何影响人们的购买决定或影响他们的社交媒体使用)”可知，上文提到了语言可以影响人们的购买决定或影响他们的社交媒体使用，即语言对做一些决定有不同的影响。F选项中influences对应后文中influence。故F选项“他们发现不同的语言对做一些决定有不同的影响”符合语境，故选F。第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题上分,满分15分)Oneday,Aristotlewaswalkingonbeach,abeautifulsunsetwashappening.Buthedidn'thavetimeto____21____thatashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.____22____thinking,hewalkedupanddownthebeach.Thereonbeachhesawanothermandoingsomethingveryabsorbed—SoabsorbedthatAristotlecouldn't____23____him.Aristotlewent____24____andobservedwhatthatmanwasdoingandsawhewaswalking____25____betweenthebeachandocean.Aristotlestoppedthemanandasked,"Hey,whatareyouupto?"Themansaid."Don't____26____me;Iamdoingsomethingveryimportant."andthenwentonwithhiswork.Aristotlebecameevenmore____27____andasked,"Whatisthisimportantthing?"Themanwithatablespooninhandshowedhimalittle____28____hehadduginsandandsaid,"Iam____29____theoceanintothishole."Aristotlelookedatthisandlaughed,"Thisiscrazy.Youmustbemad.Doyouknowhow_____30_____thisoceanis?Howcanyoueveremptythisoceanintothislittleholewithatablespoon?Thereisno_____31_____."ThemanlookedatAristotle,then_____32_____thespoondownandsaid,"Myjobisalreadydone."Aristotlesaid,"Whatdoyoumean?Nottomentionoceanbeingempty,eventheholeisnot_____33_____.Howcanyousayyourjobisdone?"He_____34_____andsaid:"Iamtryingtoemptytheoceanintothisholewithatablespoon.Youaretellingmeitiscrazy,soIshouldgiveup."Thestorytellsusthatcomparedtoworkinghard,_____35_____goalsaremoreimportant.21.A.analyze B.appeal C.accompany D.appreciate22.A.Before B.While C.Since D.Though23.A.impress B.imply C.ignore D.identify24.A.close B.mysteriously C.aside D.gently25.A.rightandleft B.backandforth C.againandagain D.nowandthen26.A.oppose B.monitor C.disturb D.reject27.A.capable B.eager C.anxious D.curious28.A.hole B.bowl C.fish D.stone29.A.employing B.clarifying C.emptying D.switching30.A.deep B.broad C.splendid D.vast31.A.good B.chance C.result D.sense32.A.threw B.broke C.bent D.made33.A.accurate B.available C.full D.efficient34.A.summedup B.stoodup C.straightenedup D.tookup35.A.practical B.reliable C.visible D.flexible【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Aristotle看见一个人在海滩全神贯注地做一件事情，感到很好奇，经过了解知道那个人想要通过一个小洞清空大海，Aristotle觉得这个目标不现实，后来这个人放弃了。这个故事告诉我们，与努力工作相比，实际的目标更重要。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他没有时间去欣赏这一点，因为他正忙着认真思考人生中的一些重大问题。A.analyze分析；B.appeal呼吁，恳求；C.accompany陪伴；D.appreciate欣赏，感激。根据“Oneday,Aristotlewaswalkingonbeach,abeautifulsunsetwashappening.（有一天，亚里斯多德在海滩上散步，夕阳西下。）”和“ashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.”可知，他没有时间欣赏美景。故选D。【22题详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：一边思考，他一边在海滩上走来走去。A.Before在……之前；B.While当……时候；C.Since自从；D.Though尽管。根据“ashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.”可知，他一边思考一边在海滩走来走去。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在海滩上，他看见另一个人正在做一件非常吸引人的事——他全神贯注，以致亚里士多德无法忽视他。A.impress使印象深刻；B.imply暗示，表明；C.ignore忽视；D.identify鉴定，认出。根据“Thereonbeachhesawanothermandoingsomethingveryabsorbed”可知，Aristotle无法忽视这个全神贯注的人。故选C。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：亚里斯多德走近观察那个人在做什么，看到他在海滩和海洋之间来回走动。A.close近地，接近；B.mysteriously神秘地；C.aside在旁边；D.gently温柔地，温和地。根据“observedwhatthatmanwasdoing”可知，亚里斯多德走近观察那个人在做什么。故选A。【25题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意同上。A.rightandleft向四面八方；B.backandforth反复地；C.againandagain一次又一次；D.nowandthen偶尔，不时。根据“betweenthebeachandocean”可知，Aristotle看到那个人在海滩和海洋之间来回走动。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不要打扰我；我正在做一件非常重要的事情。”A.oppose反对；B.monitor监视；C.disturb打扰；D.reject拒绝接受。根据“Iamdoingsomethingveryimportant."andthenwentonwithhiswork.”可知，那个人让Aristotle不要打扰自己。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚里士多德更加好奇，问道:“这个重要的东西是什么?”A.capable有能力的；B.eager渴望的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.curious好奇的。根据“"Whatisthisimportantthing?"”可知，Aristotle更加好奇，于是进行提问。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个手里拿着汤匙的人指给他看他在沙子上挖的一个小洞，说:“我要把海水倒进这个洞里。”A.hole洞；B.bowl碗；C.fish鱼；D.stone石头。根据“"Iam____9____theoceanintothishole."”可知，此处是信息词hole的词汇复现。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.employing雇佣；B.clarifying澄清；C.emptying清空；D.switching转换，交换。根据“Howcanyoueveremptythisoceanintothislittleholewithatablespoon?”可知，那个人想要通过一个小洞倒空海水。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道这海洋有多大吗？A.deep深的；B.broad宽阔的；C.splendid壮观的，华丽的；D.vast辽阔的。根据常识可知，海洋是非常广阔的。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：