考研英语阅读模拟249

［模拟］考研英语阅读模拟249

多项选择

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirected

byabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcog

inthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilated

factoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”

experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecome

powerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkand

thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkers

havebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachines

andbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymight

findthemselvesoutofajob；theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunable

toacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddie

withouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhuman

existenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductive

humanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Their

livesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareeven

moreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.

Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmore

amatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyare

testedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissive­

nessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainand

again-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andby

theirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytoget

along,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetter

thanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,the

verycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmode

ofproductionortonineteenthcenturyafreeenterprisecapitalism?

Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhich

onehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfrom

abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionan

consumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich

manandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandof

reason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionand

consumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbeprevented

fromrulingman.

i

第1题：

By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorenderthe

ideathatmanis

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsociety,though

functioningsmoothly.

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual，sfunction

isnegligible.

C.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly.

D.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]well-oiled指“加了油的,润滑的"，cog指齿轮上的一个齿，可见它在整

个机器中作用并非很重要，比喻人虽然能正常发挥功能，但与整个社会相比，已

经变得微不足道了。第一段提到thatmanhasbecomepowerless和theblue-and

white-collarworkers...bureaucraticmanagement进一步说明了这一观点。

第2题：

Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

A.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence.

B.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence.

C.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife.

D.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]第三段提至whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob...mixtureofsubmissive

andindependence说明雇员们要向上爬，就得参加竞争，要迎合别的标准，顺

从和独立性要表现得恰如其分，即放弃个性与独立性。又提到竞争造成焦虑和压

力。因此雇员们焦虑的真正原因是失去了个性与独立性。

第3题：

Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

A.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus.

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors.

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld.

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

2

［C］第三段最后一句：Thisconstantneedtoprove...theverycausesOf

unhappinessandillness说明这种需要不断证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或超

过对手从而不断地造成焦虑和压力，这正是不幸与疾病的起因。因此摆脱了竞争

所造成的焦虑和压力就可以享受到生命的真正快乐。

第4题：

Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

A.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted.

B.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities.

C.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees.

D.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］倒数第二句提到“我建议把我们的社会制度从一个官僚机构管理的，以最大

限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的产业主义社会改造成一个以个人为中心

的产业主义社会，其中人及其潜力一一爱的潜力和理智的潜力的充分发挥一一是

所有社会安排的目的。”

第5题：

Theauthor，sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedas

oneof

A.tolerance.

B.suspicion.

C.approval.

D.dissatisfaction.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］作者最后主张改造社会以解决当前的问题，说明作者对目前的产业主义是不

满意的。这与dissatisfaction意思吻合，故选［D］。

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhad

strongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldvery

fouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylost

itslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,afterthe

rulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,inter-national.No

oneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficial

recordsdatefrom776B.C.

ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.

ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butno

marriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenand

dishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceof

eventsisuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing

3

wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersports

involvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredby

havingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwas

thehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearof

hisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,

infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresults

comparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGames

weresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalong

timebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:the

ideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritof

competitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthat

causedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternational

athleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1886.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.

Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimming

poolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcountriespaytheirown

athletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,

lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'sstadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthe

continuationofthestadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationofthe

ancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntil

theclosingceremony.Thewe11knownOlympicflag,however,isamodern

conception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfive

continentsparticipatingintheGames.

a

第6题:

InancientGreece,theOlympicGames

A.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolor.

B.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageous

position.

C.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals.

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]文章第一段第一、二句说，“在古希腊，体育盛会是非常重要的，并与宗教

联系密切奥林匹克体育盛会是为纪念奥林匹亚神王Zeus每四年举办一次运动

会。最后失去地方特点而首先成为全国运动会，在废除了敌视外国运动员的规定

后成了国际运动会。”这段奥运会的简单历史表明，在古希腊奥运会原是国内带

4

有强烈宗教色彩的运动会。

第7题：

IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames

A.allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames.

B.onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateintheGames.

C.allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompete

intheGames.

D.allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,were

allowedtotakepart.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]本文第二段第二、三句提到“来自希腊各地的数以千记的观众参加运动会，

但妇女不让参加。奴隶、妇女和名誉不佳的人都不许参加竞赛”。

第8题：

TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics

A.wasconsideredunimportant.

B.hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished.

C.variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors.

D.wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]第二段最后一句提到"Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertain"，故

选⑻。

第9题：

Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunners

because

A.detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast.

B.theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults.

C.theyaremuchbetter.

D.theyaremuchworse.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]第三段最后一句提到“如何将他们的比赛结果与现代标准比较，非常不幸，

我们还没法说。”意思是现代标准（包括时间、长度、重量等）与古代不同，这

一很可能是古今无法比较的原因。

第10题：

Nowadays,theathletes，expensesarepaidfor

5

A.bycontributions.

B.bytheathletesthemselves.

C.outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners.

D.outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]第五段第二句话提到“东道国提供各种设施，参赛国负担运动员的花费。”

Idon'tknowifthere，ssomethinginthewater,butmytownhasexploded

withtonsofsinglepeople!Justlastyear,practicallytheonlyeligibles

IknewweremydivorcedfriendPatti,mybudFulgencio,hubbyRick'sbarfly

palCraig,andJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.Butnow,Ifindoutthatmy

cousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusband,andarecentchit-chatwith

mybuilding，smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn，thadaserious

relationshipinalmostfiveyears!Besidesthat,atleastfivesuspected

singletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!

Foranincurableromanticlikeme,thisisheartbreaking.People

aremeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.Howcan

theybeargoingthroughlifealone?Iknowalotofthemputupthat

uindependent,,front,orusethat'Tmjustwaitingfortherightperson”

defense,butthey'rekiddingthemselves.Whywouldanyoneturnuphernose

attheprospectofabeautifulwedding,agorgeousbridalgown,anda

stunningrockonherfinger?Shewouldn，t.Whywouldanyoneshakeastick

atawarmdinnereverynight,acomfortablehome,andabeautifulbride?

Itjustisn，trational.AndIdon，tliketobeharsh,butfrankly,it's

depressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingfor

groceriesbyherself,orasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabus,

Ican，thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside,

rmpartiallypsychic,soI'mawareofotherpeople,sinnerfeelings.

Well,thisValentine，sDay,I'mnotgoingtobeselfish.People

likeme,peopleinsuccessful,lastingrelationships,areduty-boundto

sharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Granted,it'sbeen

awhilesinceI'vebeenonthedatingscene,somychopsareabitrusty.

Infact,hubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI'veeverdated!(Unless

youcountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgrade,JordyDeVoe,

whoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThant

whowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomy

lockerinninthgrade.)ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20years,

soImustbedoingsomethingright.Drythosetears,Singletons!Pull

yourselvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,

r11betyoudollarstodonutsthatyou，11findyourPrinceCharming,or

PrincessEnchanting,innotime!

6

［听力原文］

我不知道是不是有人在水里下了什么药，我们小镇里到处都是单身！就在去年，

我认识的仅有的单身就是我离婚的朋友Patti,我的好友Fulgencio,我丈夫

Rick的死党Craig和送比萨饼的Jimmy□但是现在，我发现我的表妹Michelle

正在和第二任丈夫闹分手，而且最近和我们楼里的管理员聊天时发现她五年内都

没有过认真的恋爱关系了。除此之外，就连从六月份以来新搬来的5个邻居好像

也是单身。五个人！

对我这样一个浪漫得不可救药的人来讲，这是令人心碎的事。每个人都应

该有自己的“另一半儿”，我为那些单身的人感到难过。他们怎么能够忍受形单

影只的生活？我知道他们很多人都打着“独立”的旗号，或者用“我在等待最合

适的人”作为挡箭牌，但是他们是在骗自己。有谁会面对漂亮的婚礼、美丽的婚

纱和手上闪亮的钻戒嗤之以鼻？绝对不会。怎么会有人对每天热乎的晚餐、舒服

的家和漂亮的新娘横加指责呢？这样做绝对是失去理智了。我不想说难听的，但

是说实话，在外头看到单身的人就会让我伤心。当我看到年轻女子自己购买日常

用品，或是孤独的男子边等车边看书，我就不禁体会到他们内在的空虚。

我有些“通灵”，所以我知道别人内心的感受。

所以，在这个情人节之际，我不可以自私。像我这样的有成功持久的感情

的人，都有义务和不那么幸运的人分享一下“浪漫智慧”。不过我的约会可是很

久以前的事了，可能我的点子有些过时了。实际上，我丈夫Rick是我惟一约会

过的人(除非你把我在7年级选择和SadieHawkins跳舞、十五分钟就把我甩了

的JordyDeVoe,或是在九年级时一个叫Thant的，把求爱信裹在午餐曲奇里然

后悄悄放到我的衣柜里的东方男孩也算在内的话)，但是毕竟我和Rick已经结

婚20年了，所以我所做的事肯定是有些道理的。单身们，振作起来，听我说。

按我的建议做，我打赌你们肯定会很快找到白马王子或白雪公主的！

第11题：

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Idon'tknowifthereissomethinginthe

water”(line1,paragraph1)?

A.Sheisnotsurewhetherherwateristoodirtytodrink.

B.Sheisnotsurewhethersomethingiswronginthewatersystem.

C.Sheisnotsurewhybeingsingleissopervasiveinhertown.

D.Sheisnotsurewhysinglepeoplemovetohertown.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

选C。第一段说明她所居住的小城里到处都是单身的人，而且是以前少，现在多。

她因此怀疑是不是水里面有什么药，使单身传染得那么快。所以选C,她不确定

为什么单身在城里那么流行。

第12题:

7

TheexamplesofhercousinMichelleandthebuilding'smanagerareused

toshow

A.manypeoplechoosedivorcetosolvetheiremotionalproblems.

B.womenarenotsatisfiedwiththeirmarriage.

C.manypeoplearenotconfidentinseriousrelationships.

D.morepeoplearebecominglovelesssingles.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

选Do第一段前半部分说以前作者认识的单身很少，用“But”这个强转折，正

是要说明现在越来越多了，举例都要为证明这个现象服务。

第13题：

Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthosesinglepeople?

A.Theyareusingexcusestocheatthemselves.

B.Theyshouldbesorryforbeingsingle.

C.Theydon，tlikeweddings,becausetheyareexpensive.

D.Theyrejectstayinginacomfortablehomewithabeautifulbride.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

选A。第二段第五句说明作者知道很多单身贵族都装出很独立的样子，或者用自

己还在等待意中人作为借口搪塞，这样做其实都是在自欺欺人。

第14题：

Whydoestheauthorwanttoshareher“romanticwisdom“withthe

singletons?

A.ShewantstogiveittothesingletonsasaValentineGift.

B.Shethinksitisherresponsibilitytohelpthem.

C.Shefeelsthatshehasbeenveryselfishbefore.

D.Shewantstoreviveherfeelingsofdatingalongtimeago.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

选B。第三段首句？??？

第15题:

Fromthetextwecantellthattheauthorisaveryperson.

A.hospitableandkind

B.cleverandfaithful

C.sensitiveandcaring

D.unselfishandtactful

参考答案：C

8

答案解析：

选C。文章第二段结尾提到作者能体察到别人的感觉，因此很敏感；第三段提到

她认为帮助别人找到幸福是自己的义务，证明她关心他人。而A选项中的

hospitable（好客）、B选项中的clever（聪明）和D选项中的tactful（有策

略）都不能在原文中找到证据。

Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreat

dealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarket

principles.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearly

showsoneapproachthatworks:privatization,inwhichunder-performing

state-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.

By1979,thetotalamountofdebt,liabilities,andlossesfor

state-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped£3billionannually.By

sellingoffmanyofthesecompanies,particularlythoseinthedepressed

industrialsector,thegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceased

pumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.Accordingto

governmentspokespersonAlistairMcBride,“Farfrompastpracticeof

throwinggoodmoneyafterbad,theQueen*sgovernmentthisyearexpects

totakein£34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale."That,saysome

analysts,mayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeen

creditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation，seconomytoboot.

Duetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatized

companiesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomy,economic

forecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%of

thenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedforthe

economyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyray

ofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverall

ticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGas

announceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociated

BritishPorts,anewlaborcontractwasfinalized,thefirstunion

contractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.Closer

tohomeformostBritons,thenation'sphoneservice,BritishTelecom,

nolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatization,

newcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservice

couldbeinstalledintheirhome.Now,accordingtoacompanypressrelease,

BritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.

Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithnewefforts

toallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany5sfuture.Companiesnow

givetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthe

company'ssuccess（andprofits）.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiasticto

saytheleast.AtBritishAerospace,89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompany

sharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestook

part.Finally,atAssociatedBritishPorts,longsynonymouswithunion

disagreements,walkouts,andlaborstrife,almost90%ofemployeesnow

9

cancallthemselvesownersofthecompany.

“Whenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomething,“saidHenry

DundeeofAssociatedBritishPorts,“theythinkaboutit,theycareabout,

theyworktomakeitprosper."AttheNationalFreightConsortium,itself

nostrangertolaborproblems,thenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddown

anemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelax

demandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits.^Privatizationwas

onlythestart,“saysonemarketanalyst,“whatwemayhavehereisa

newindustrialrevolution.

［听力原文］

从大量国有到完全市场化的经济体制转变至今没有可供依赖的详细计划。然而自

从1979年以来英国的经验表明有一种方法管用：私有化，即把经营不利的国有

公司卖给私营公司。

到1979年时，英国在国有企业方面每年的债务和损失达到30亿英镑。通

过把很多这样的公司卖掉，特别是那些不景气的工业部门的公司卖掉，政府减轻

了债务负担而且也不再把大量的公共基金投进亏损的企业了。政府发言人

AlistairMcBride说："一改以往投资一笔好一笔坏的做法，女王政府今年预计

可以从国有企业出售过程中收入340亿英镑”。一些分析家认为这可能只是个开

始。私有化不仅被认为可以拯救整个工业，还可以刺激国民经济增长。

由于来自这些最近私有化的公司的税收在增加，加上总体经济形式反弹，

经济预测者们认为英国在两年之内可以偿清12.5%的国家净债务。当很多经济

领域都急切盼望任何可能的希望到来时，这对整体经济情况来说绝对是个好事。

英国航空公司本周宣布机票销售和利润与去年同季度相比上涨了20%。英国燃

气公司宣布本季度是9年以来的第一个赢利季度。在英国联合港口公司，一项新

的劳动合同签署，这是12年来第一次在没有停工的情况下签署的工会合同。离

大多数英国人生活更近的电话服务公司一不列颠电信也不再让用户排队等待了。

在私有化之前，初装户要等几个月才能在家里装上电话。而现在，根据公司新闻

发布会的消息，不列颠电信承诺所有的初装户都可以在24小时内安上电话。

生产率提高的一部分原因可以归结于允许员工对公司的未来承担风险的

举措。公司现在给予员工认股权，让员工分享公司的成功（和利润）。反应至少

可以说是热情的。在英国航天公司，有条件购买股份的人中有89%都买了股份。

不列颠电信公司符合条件的员工有92%都买了股份。就连英国联合港口公司，

这个长期被等同于与工会分歧，举行罢工和劳动摩擦的公司，都有几乎90%的

员工现在可以把自己称作公司的所有者了。

该公司的HeiyDundee说：“当人们与某些东西的命运息息相关时，他们

会仔细考虑，他们会非常关切，他们会努力工作以使它繁荣发展。”而国家货运

联盟，以前本身就经常产生劳动纠纷问题，而现在，刚刚成为公司主人的那些员

工就投票否决了员工加薪议案，并给工会代表施压让他们放宽加薪和扩大福利的

要求。一位市场分析家说：“私有化只是个开端，现在可能会产生一场新的工业

10

革命。”

第16题：

UK，sexperiencein1979demonstratesthat

A.governmentcontrolcanbebasedonfreemarketprinciples.

B.privatizationistheonlywayoutforUK，seconomicdevelopment.

C.state-ownedenterprisescanbenefitalotfromprivatization.

D.amajortransformationineconomicsystemisfeasible.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

选D„细节题。文章开篇提到的经济体制的巨大转变没有蓝图，后面用“yet”

强转折引出英国的做法证明有一种办法可行。因此英国的经历表明经济体制的重

大转型是可行的。

第17题：

Bysellingoffstate-ownedenterprisesthegovernmentwillbeabletodo

thefollowingEXCEPT

A.repaysomeofitshugenationaldebtsandliabilities.

B.stopinvestingpublicfundsintoenterprises.

C.harvestabigamountoftaxrevenue.

D.helpsomedepressedindustrialsectorstorecover.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

选B。细节题。B选项偷换了原文当中的一个定语“moneylosing”。本题难点

在于D选项，需要稍微推理一下，而不像其他几项在原文中比较明显。

第18题：

TheexampleofBritishTelecomandmanyothercompaniesarementionedin

paragraph3to

A.demonstratethefruitfulresultsofUK，economicreform.

B.showthatservicesinthosecompanieshaveimprovedgreatly

C.attractmorenewcustomerstothosecompanies.

D.tellhowdesperatemanysectorshadbeenbeforeprivatization.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

选A。细节题。第三段第二句说“这对经济来说绝对是个好事”，之后就举了众

多公司的例子，当然是要证明前面提到的私有化改革给公司带来了“好消息”，

也就是成果。

第19题：

Manycompaniesgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsto

A.makethemtherealownersoftheenterprise.

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B.helpthemsharethesuccessandprofitoftheenterprise.

C.boosttheoverallproductivityoftheenterprise.

D.avoiduniondisagreements,walkouts,andlaborstrife.

参考答案：c

答案解析：

选c。细节题。第四段第一句说“生产率提高的一部分原因可以归结于允许员工

对公司的未来承担风险的举措”，那么“提高生产率”才是企业让员工持有公司

股票的目的。A和B都是手段，D所列举的现象仅局限在个别企业里。

第20题:

Thebesttitleforthetextmightbe

A.PrivatizationisaDouble-edgedSword.

B.PrivatizationisaWayoutforUK'sEconomy.

C.PrivatizationMakesGovernmenttheWinner.

D.PrivatizationOffersaPromisingFuture.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

选B。主旨题。文章整个围绕私有化给英国经济带来的好处展开，所以主题是英

国经济的出路。D选项只涵盖了末尾一句话的含义，文章没有太多对未来的展望。

Baseballevolvedfromanumberofdifferentball-and-stickgames

(paddleball,trapball,one-old-cat,roundels,andtownball)

originatinginEngland.AsearlyastheAmericanRevolution,itwasnoted

thattroopsplayed“baseballvintheirfreetime.In1845Alexander

CartwrightformalizedtheNewYorkKnickerbockers，versionofthegame:

adiamondshapedinfield,withbases

Line(5)ninetyfeetapart,threestrikes-you're-out,batterouton

acaughtball,threeoutsper.inning,aninemanteam.The“NewYorkGame”

spreadrapidly,replacingearlierlocalizedforms.Fromitsbeginnings,

baseballwasseenasawayofsatisfyingtherecreationalneedsofan

increasinglyurbanindustrialsociety.Atitsinceptionitwasplayedby

andforwealthygentlemen.Aclubmightconsistof40members.The

presidentwouldappointtwocaptainswhowouldchooseteamsfromamong

the

Line(10)members.GameswereplayedonMondayandThursdayafternoons,

withthelosersoftenprovidingalavishevening，sentertainmentforthe

winners.

Duringthe1850-70periodthegamewaschanging,however,with

increasingcommercialism(chargingadmission),under-the-tablepayments

toexceptionalplayers,andgamblingontheoutcomeofgames.By1868it

wassaidthataclubwouldhavetheirregularprofessionalten,anama-

Line(15)teurfirst-nine,andtheir“muffins”(thegentlemanlyduffers

12

whoonceranthegame).Beginningwiththefirstopenlyall-salariedteam

(Cincinnati'sRedStockingClub)in1869,the1870-1890periodsawthe

completeprofessionalizationofbaseball,includingformationofthe

NationalAssociationofProfessionalBaseballPlayersin1871.The

NationalLeagueofProfessionalBaseBallClubswasformedin1876,run

bybusiness-mindedinvestorsinjoint-stockcompanyclubs.The1880shas

Line(20)beencalledMajorLeagueBaseball's"GoldenAge”.Profits

soared,player5ssalariesrose

somewhat,aseasonof84gamesbecameoneof132,aweeklyperiodical

“TheSportingNews”cameintobeing,woodenstadiumswithdouble-deck

standsreplacedopenfields,andthestandardrefreshmentbecamehotdogs,

sodapopandpeanuts.In1900theWesternLeaguebasedinthegrowing

citiesoftheMidwestproclaimeditselftheAmericanLeague.

第21题：

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.theoriginsofbaseball

B.thecommercializationofbaseball

C.