2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版2选择性必修第三册Unit 3　Environmental Protection

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版2选择性必修第三册Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．graphn．图；图表；曲线图2．emissionn．排放物；散发物；排放3．sealn．海豹4．methanen．甲烷；沼气5．dioxiden．二氧化物6．carbondioxide二氧化碳7．habitableadj.适合居住的8．fossiln．化石9．fossilfuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的11．footprintn．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积12．basinn．流域；盆地；盆13．penguinn．企鹅14．implementvt.使生效；贯彻；执行15．moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中16．tropicaladj.热带的；来自热带的17．nuclearadj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．junglen．(热带)丛林；密林19．smogn．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)20．originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立21．volumen．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷22．enterprisen．公司；企业；事业23．regulationn．章程；规章制度24．disposaln．去掉；清除；处理25．waterwayn．水道；航道26．agendan．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．ecologyn．生态；生态学3．releasevt.&n．排放；释放；发布4．carbonn．碳5．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行vt.加强；刺激6．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的7．trendn．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcastvt.&vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播n．广播节目；电视节目9．policyn．政策；方针；原则10．seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制11．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；变革；改良12．undergovt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)13．annualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鉴14．chaosn．混乱；杂乱；紊乱15．garbagen．垃圾；废物16．restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复17．dozenn．(一)打；十二个18．finevt.对……处以罚款19．campaignn．运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn．饥饿；饿死2．sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的3．frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn．频繁；频率4．restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束性的5．harmoniousadj.和谐的→harmonyn．和谐→harmoniouslyadv.和谐地6．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服7．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意义；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到8．conservationn．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的→conservev．保护；保存；节省；节约9．inspectionn．检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn．检察员；督察员10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍1．clash/klæʃ/n．撞击声；冲突vi.发出撞击声；冲突2．alert/ə'lɜːt/vt.使警惕；使戒备adj.警惕的；戒备的3．furious/'fjʊəriəs/adj.猛烈的；狂怒的4．scatter/'skætə(r)/vt.&vi.撒；散开5．penetrate/'penətreIt/vt.&vi.打入；进入；穿透6．tragedy/'trædʒədi/n．悲剧；不幸7．utterly/'ʌtəli/adv.彻底地；完全地8．plead/pliːd/vi.&vt.恳求；认(罪)9．clutch/klʌtʃ/vi.&vt.猛地抓住；紧握10．quiver/'kwIvə(r)/n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖vi.颤抖；哆嗦Ⅳ.背核心短语1．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人2．dozensof许多；很多3．haveanimpacton对……有影响4．leadto导致5．causedamageto对……造成损害6．takemeasures采取措施7．dealwith处理8．anumberof许多9．carryout履行；执行10．ineffect在实施中；实际上Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph)．(Thereislittledoubtthat...毫无疑问……)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.(过去分词短语作后置定语)专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。3．The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。4．Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.(含蓄虚拟条件句)如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。5．Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。Withmoderategreenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide1.____________(release)intotheatmosphere，Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmoreheatenergy2.____________necessaryexistsbecauseofburninganincreasingvolumeoffossilfuels.Hence，thewarmingtrendhasaffectedEarth’secologyand3.____________(harmony)development.Newsreportsare4.____________(frequent)broadcastaboutpolarbears，sealsandpenguinsthatarestarvedtodeathbecauseofthemeltingice.Tropicaljungles5.________________(destroy)，makingthemlesshabitableforanimals.6.____________humanbeingscan’ttolerateisthatgarbageisthrowneverywhere，suchaswaterwaysandbasins.Facedwiththeseveresituations，worldwidegovernmentshavereformedpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandrestorethesensitiveecology.Dozensofenterprises7.______________________(submit)andimplementedtheirconservationregulations,8.______________(say)，“Wewillimmediatelycarryoutthedisposalofthewasteweproduce.”Individualscanalsoseizeeverychance9.________________(reduce)thecarbonfootprintinthedailylife.AlthoughEarthhasundergonesomeecologicalchaos，peoplefromallovertheworldconfidentlysaythatthosemeasurescancreate10.____________sustainableworld.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvationn．饥饿；饿死)starvetodeath饿死bestarvingforsth/todosth渴望某事/做某事同义短语：bethirsty/hungry/eager/desperateforsth/todosth(1)Whatshocksthescientistsisthatmanysealshavediedfrom____________(starve)becauseofglobalwarming.(2)孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。Pennilessandhungry，thechildstoodneartheroadandbeggedforameal，otherwise________________________.(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语言学习)____________________________________，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制seizesbbythearm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名词＋seizesb某人感到……(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)Thepolicemanspottedathief，chargedforwardand________________________.(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。Istronglyrecommendthat___________________________________.(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，________________________.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]submitsthtosb将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)to屈从于……(1)Thename，address，andtelephonenumberofthecartoonistmustbeincludedinthe____________(submit).(2)Anessaynot____________(submit)inclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)(3)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh，remarkingdeterminedly，“________________________________________________.”(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)Thosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmust______________________________________________________byMay15.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerancen．宽恕；忍耐；容忍tolerantadj.忍耐的；宽容的)•tolerate(sb/sb’s)doingsth忍受(某人)做某事•betolerantof/towardssb/sth容忍/宽容某人/某事(1)Tobehonest，my__________isnotlimitless，soIwillnotbealways__________ofyourrudebehavior.(tolerate)(2)Ican’ttolerate____________(work)withmypartneranymore，whoisfrequentlytalkingtomewhenIamabsorbedinwork.(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。Those________________________________________________cannaturallyleadahappylife.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．releaseeq\x(A.vt.排放B.n.发布C.vt.释放，放走D.vt.发行，上映)(1)ThenewfilmwillbereleasedonJuly16inthedowntowncinema.________(2)Thekindgirldecidestoreleasethebirdfromthecage.________(3)ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.________(4)Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke，makingtheairdirty.________2．moderateeq\x(A.adj.中等的，适度的B.adj.温和的C.v.调节D.v.缓和)(1)Byeveningthewindhadmoderatedslightly.________(2)Thearticlewasmoderateintoneandpresentedbothsidesofthecase.________(3)Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.(2022·浙江6月)________(4)We’reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan’tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(2021·北京)________3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Makesureyou’vesignedthechequebeforesealingtheenvelope.____________(2)Theinsurancepolicycoversallbaggageandpersonaleffects.____________(3)Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.(2021·天津3月)____________Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Whenevertheconsultantinpsychologywaswornout，hewasstarving____________acupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.2．Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahow________________(release)histremendouspressure.3．Finally，Imadeupmymind____________(seize)theopportunitytoenhancemyoverallcompetence.4．Basedonwhatheobserved，thespecialistdecidedon____________(submit)hismedicalreporttothepresidentofthehospital.5．Onbehalf____________ourschool，Iappealtoeachstudenttotakemorephysicalexercise.6．Thedentistwassensitive____________criticism，soshecouldn’tacceptcriticismfromothers.7．Thesurgeoncan’ttolerate__________________(disturb)byotherswhenheisabsorbedinreading.8．Toenhancepeople’sawarenessof________________(conserve)ofculturalrelics，alecturewillbegiveninthecityhallthisFridayafternoon.9．Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoya____________(harmony)relationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.10．UnderthisAct，allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermust____________(annual)purchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)假定你是李华，你校学生会即将举办一次以“EarthGuardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，倡导大家积极参与该活动，内容包括：1.地球环境的现状；2.该运动的目的和要求；3.号召大家积极参加。完成句子1．毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(Thereislittledoubtthat...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．在这里，我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(onbehalfof；that引导的同位语从句；conservation)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动，旨在采取有效和切实可行的措施来保护环境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引导的定语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交你的申请和相关材料。(submit；定语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．我真诚地希望你能抓住这个宝贵的机会，立即加入我们。(seize)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教材语料整合亮词[环境描写]melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmoniousadj.→harmonyn．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway[动作描写]starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restorev．→restorationn．；fine；toleratev．→tolerantadj.→tolerancen.美句1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(环境描写)2．Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.(环境描写)3．In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.(情感描写)4．Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.(主旨升华)5．ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.(环境描写)6．Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.(情感描写)拓展语料积累动作细节描写：“脚动”单词tiptoev．踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefootadj.&adv.赤脚；dancev．雀跃；跳跃；springv．跳；跃；creepv．悄悄地缓慢行进；chasev．追赶；flee(away)v．逃跑词块inbarefeet光脚；get/risetoone’sfeet起立；struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来；jumptoone’sfeet猛地站起、跳起来；springtoone’sfeet一跃而起；leaptoone’sfeet跳起来；plantone’sfeettotheground双脚钉在地上；raiseoneselfontiptoe踮起脚尖；stampone’sfeet跺脚句型1.Disappointedandfrustrated，thepoormandraggedhisfeetbackhome.这个可怜的人既失望又沮丧，慢腾腾地回家了。2.Heleapt/jumped/sprangtohisfeet/jumpedupandrushedoutofthelivingroom.他一跃而起，冲出起居室。3.Sheplantedherfeetfirmlytothespotandrefusedtomove.她牢牢地站在原地，一动也不动。4.Hewassowornoutthatheliftedhisfeettoleaveasiftheywere100kilos.(比喻)他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。5.Thelittlemanleftthecottagewithasad，slowstep.小个子男人迈着忧伤的步子慢慢走出了小屋。6.Shetapped/stampedherfeetimpatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚。7.Sheslippedoutofbedandtiptoedtothewindow.她溜下床，踮起脚尖走向窗户。8.Hehadtwistedhisankleandwaslimping.他扭伤了脚踝，一瘸一拐地走着。语料运用保护动物Onanearlyspringmorning①________________________________________(定语从句)，mybrotherandIwerehavingawalkalongthecountrytrackwhenalittlecat②________________________(分词短语作后置定语)attractedoureyes.Outofcuriosity，③________________________.Wethoughtitwould④________________________________seeingus.Butthecatjuststruggledtoitsfeet，⑤______________________________________(分词短语作状语)．Approachingcloser，wefoundinsurprisethatthelittlecat⑥__________________________andwasbadlyinneedofmedicalhelp.Notknowingwhattodo，⑦______________________________________andthendecidedthatweshouldtakeithome；⑧______________________________________.早春的一个早晨，雪还没有完全融化，我和哥哥正在乡间小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草上的小猫吸引了我们的目光。出于好奇，我们慢慢地踮着脚尖走向它。我们以为它看到我们会跳起来逃跑，但猫只是挣扎着站起来，发出一些虚弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近时，我们惊讶地发现，这只小猫的一条腿受了重伤，急需医疗救助。不知道该怎么办，我们牢牢地在原地站了一会儿，然后决定把它带回家，否则它会在寒冷的天气里死去。Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．adversityn．困境；逆境2．expeditionn．探险；远征；探险队3．endurancen．忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboardn．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5．stewardn．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员6．crushvt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n．拥挤的人群7．stoven．炉具；厨房灶具8．banjon．班卓琴(乐器)9．voyagen．&vi.航海；航行10．navyn．海军；海军部队11．decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的12．cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的13．crewn．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人14．rugbyn．橄榄球运动15．corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的16．navigatorn．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17．episoden．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲18．motiven．动机；原因；目的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．wagen．工资2．bitteradj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．vigour(NAmEvigor)n．精力；力量；活力4．sinkvi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没5．abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃6．blanketn．毯子7．miserableadj.痛苦的；令人难受的8．good/bad-temperedadj.脾气好的/坏的9．genuineadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的10．thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的11．furnituren．家具12．barkvi.&n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问13．batn．球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打14．dampadj.潮湿的；湿气重的15．recreationn．娱乐；消遣；游戏16．nephewn．侄子；外甥17．roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18．motorn．发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的19．candidaten．候选人；应试者Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualifyv．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualificationn．资格；资历；资格证书2．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地→enthusiasmn．热情；热忱3．aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→boardv．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n．木板；董事会；伙食4．assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn．任务；作业；分配5．envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.忌妒的；羡慕的6．belongingsn．[pl.]财物；动产→belongvi.属于；应在(某处)7．selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selfishnessn．自私8．perseverancen．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求9．resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n．决心；坚定的信念→resolutionn．决议；解决；坚定；决心10．crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地→crueltyn．残忍；残酷11．unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately(反)adv.幸运地→fortunen．运气；财产→fortunateadj.幸运的12．guidancen．指导；引导；导航→guiden．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路13．advertisingn．广告活动；广告业→advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisementn．广告；宣传14．loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyaltyn．忠诚；忠实15．commitmentn．承诺；保证；奉献→commitvt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的1．reel/riːl/vi.蹒跚；踉跄2．fasten/'fɑːsn/vt.&vi.系牢；扣紧；关住3．invulnerable/In'vʌlnərəbl/adj.无懈可击的；打不败的→vulnerable/'vʌlnərəbl/adj.易受伤的；脆弱的bevulnerabletosth易受……伤害的4．glimpse/ɡlImps/vt.瞥见；看一眼n．一瞥；短暂的感受5．confine/kən'faIn/vt.限制；监禁；使离不开confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于6．resemble/rI'zembl/vt.像；与……相似7．sparkle/'spɑːkl/vi.闪耀；闪闪发光8．fuss/fʌs/n．无谓的激动；大惊小怪；小题大做makeafuss(aboutsth)(因某事)大惊小怪9．forbid/fə'bId/vt.(forbade/fə'bæd；fə'beId/，forbidden/fə'bIdn/)禁止；不许forbidsbfrom(doingsth)禁止某人(做某事)10．halt/hɔːlt/vi.停止vt.阻止n．停止；暂停cometoahalt停止；停滞Ⅳ.背核心短语1．turnsbdown拒绝(某人)2．makefire生火3．giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．dreamof/about梦想5．attheageof在……岁时6．beenthusiasticabout对……充满热情7．become/bestuckin陷于8．throwaway扔掉9．managetodosth设法做成某事10．gofrombadtoworse每况愈下Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．BelowaresomeofBlackborow’sdiaryentries.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。2．Beforeweabandonedtheship，Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats，ourfood，thecookstove，candles，clothes，andblankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。3．HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么能变得像托马斯•奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！4．Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.(aslongas“只要”)只要你坚持，最终就会成功。5．Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。Borninawealthyfamily，mynephew，Jack，leadssuchathoroughlydecentandcosylife1.____________hehardlymeetswithcrueladversities.Hehasbeendreamingof2.____________adventuresincehewasyoung.At18，Jackresolved3.____________(join)anexpeditionadvertisedinthenewspaper，buttheleaderturnedhimdownbecausehethoughtJackwasnotqualified.Fullofvigour，Jackneverabandonedhisdreamforhewassoenthusiasticaboutagreatvoyage.4.____________(fortunate)，at19，hejoinedthenavybutwasassignedtobeastewardwithlowwages.Onabittercoldday，thecrewwentaboardamassiveshipboundforAtlanticOcean.Jackwasgenuine，good-temperedandloyalandhewasn’tselfish，either.Heoftenplayedthebanjoforrecreation,5.____________peopleontheshipalllikedhim.Unfortunately，oneday，themotorbrokedownandtheshipgot6.____________(crush)onahugeiceberg.Whentheshipsank，theirheartsalsosank.Atthattime，thecalmcaptainmadea7.________________(commit)tosavethemandcommandedthemtothrowawaytheir8.____________(belong)suchasstoves，blankets，bats，cupboardsandotherpiecesoffurniture.Finally，theywerefortunateenoughtoescapetheship.9.____________wastheirendurance，resolutionandperseverancethathelpedthemsurvive.Onthedistantisland，Jackmanagedtomakefirewithanimalfat，whichgaveoffasmellysmellandthenhecookedseaanimals.Onemonthlater，theyweresavedbyapassingship.Insummary，ithasbeenamiserablebut10.________________(forgettable)episodeinJack’slife.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualifyv．使有资格qualificationn．资格；学历)•bequalifiedfor/todosth有……的资格/有资格做某事•qualifysbforsth/todosth使某人有资格做某事•havethequalificationfor/todosth有……的资格/有资格做某事(1)Nowthatyouhavegainedyourteaching____________，Iamsureyouwillbe____________forthejobtheyadvertisedonthenewspaper.(qualify)(2)我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Ihavetakenpartinseveralsimilaractivities，__________________________________________.(3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)HavingagoodcommandofEnglish，________________________________________________.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的(enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地enthusiasmn．热情；热忱)•beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth对(做)某事有热情•lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充满热情withenthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地(1)Theylistenedwithgreatinterestandthen______________(enthusiastic)joinedingrandconversationsaboutHarry’sadventures.(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势)____________________________________________，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(3)得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文写作之邀请信)____________________________________________________________，IamwritingtoinviteyoutoalectureonConfucianism.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[boardvt.&vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n．木板；董事会；伙食broadadj.宽阔的；广阔的abroadadv.在/到国外；在/到海外]•goaboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等)•onboard在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上•goabroad出国(1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)Heistall________________________andabeardandalways________________________.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)________________________________________________，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydosanddon’ts.(3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。Theyhadsaidgoodbyetoeachotherbefore____________________________________，butthemotherkeptwavinghandsto________________________untilthetrainwentoutofsight.envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌(enviousadj.忌妒的；羡慕的)•withenvy羡慕地；忌妒地greenwithenvy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒•envysb(doing)sth羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事•beenviousof羡慕；妒忌(1)Hesaid____________envy，“Iam____________(envy)ofyou，becauseyouareleadingsuchacosyanddecentlife.”(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestlyspeaking，I____________________________________________________theExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.(3)我的侄子是一个充满活力和毅力的年轻人，对此我非常羡慕。Mynephewisayoungmanfullofvigourandperseverance，__________________________.abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃n．放任；放纵(abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的)•abandononeselfto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事abandondoingsth放弃做某事•withabandon放纵地；放任地•beabandonedto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)某事(1)Unfortunately，thecrewabandoned____________(carry)outtheexperimentforlackoffund.(2)你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。____________________________________________，andyoushouldkeepinmindthatnottoadvanceistogoback.(3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写之情感描写)____________________________________，forgettingthetroublesinourlives.resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n．决心；坚定的信念(resolutionn．决议；解决；坚定)•resolvetodosth决定做某事•makearesolution(todosth)下定决心(做某事)(1)Generally，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoa____________(resolve)afteranargument.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护)Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，so_________________________.(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通)____________________________，weshouldlearntocommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.(4)老人决定，死后要把所有的财产都赠送给那些被遗弃的孩子们。Theoldman____________________________________hewouldgiveawayallhisbelongingstotheabandonedchildrenafterhisdeath.as...as...HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！as...as...意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：•否定式：notas/so＋adj./adv.＋as...•倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...•asmuch/many＋名词＋as...(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。Heis________________________，sohe____________________________________.(2)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。AsfarasIamconcerned，thebookis____________________________________.(3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)Wedevoted________________________________________________，soIwasgreatlyconvincedthatourprojectwouldbehighlythoughtofbyourteachers.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．roughA.汹涌的；风浪很大的B.崎岖的C.粗略的D.艰难的E.粗鲁的(1)Ican’ttoleratesailinginroughsea.________(2)ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.(2023·全国甲)________(3)Idon’tknowhowtoreleasethepressureinsucharoughtime.________(4)Theiceontheroughroadhasmeltedanditissafetodriveonitnow.________(5)Heissucharoughchildthathedoesn’tbehavehimself.________2．bitterA.痛苦的B.激烈的C.寒冷的；刺骨的D.味苦的E.愤愤不平的(1)Sheisverybitteraboutlosingherjob.________(2)I’velearntfrombitterexperiencenottotrustwhathesays.________(3)Outside，abittereastwindisaccompaniedbyflurriesofsnow.________(4)TraditionalChinesemedicineusuallytastesbitterandishardtoswallow._________(5)Withnoonetoresolvetheirdispute，thetwosidesarelockedintoabitterconflict.________3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Tomysadness，mysonwasabandonedtoplayingonlinegames.____________(2)Shewassincereandgenuineinherwishtomakeupforherformermistakes.____________(3)Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesinkandputintheothersliceofbread.____________(4)Boilingwithextremeanger，hebarkedaseriesofquestionsathiscrew.____________Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Myheart____________(sink)whenIwasinformedthatmymoderatereformsendedupinfailure.2．WhenIsubmittedtheregulationsIdesignedtomyboss，heturnedme____________immediately.3.Dozensofworkersare____________(qualify)fortheirjobsintheinternationalfirm.4．Ourmonitorisenthusiastic____________creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.5．Thesepolicies________________________(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblemsnextyear.6．Wehaveresolved____________(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.7．________________(fortunate)，Isucceededinseizingthispreciouschancetobeavolunteerintheactivity.8．IpromisethatIwillbeloyal____________theenterpriseandIwillneverquitmyjob.9．Ridingbicyclesbenefitstheenvironmentalconservationbecausetheywon’tgive____________wastegases.10．Theenterpriseshave____________(thorough)implementedwhattheyhavepromisedtothepublic.假如你是李华，向某英文报纸《伟人介绍》栏目投稿。简要介绍英国极地探险家——欧内斯特·沙克尔顿ErnestShackleton1874－1922。其主要成就如下：英国极地探险家，曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。在他第三次带领探险队奔赴南极探险时，他与“坚忍号”的船员们在极地700多天的求生经历，创造了20世纪一次伟大的生还奇迹。完成句子1．欧内斯特·沙克尔顿是一位伟大的极地探险家，他对极地探险充满热情，一生带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲。(beenthusiasticabout；定语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．以下是他的一些探险经历和成就。(全部倒装句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．他的第三次南极探险是一个非凡的奇迹。(as...as...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．面对严峻的极地条件，他没有放弃他的团队，坚定地带领他们走出困境。(abandon；resolve)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．如果没有他的英明领导，他和他的团队就不会在极地待了700多天后还能活下来。(if引导虚拟条件句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________