小升初语法专题讲练第10讲：形容词

小升初语法第10讲：形容词知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）【考点解读】小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词（adj.）和副词(adv.)的用法及区别，特别是比较等级的表达方式。要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中熟练运用它们。【知识讲解1】形容词形容词的主要用法形容词是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小,形状,颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状态。主要修饰名词和代词。其句法作用如下：形容词+名词形容词在修饰和描述名词时要放在名词前面ablackcar一辆黑色汽车aredapple一个苹果sometalltrees一些大树系动词+形容词系动词包括be动词和look,feel,taste,sound,get等感官动词（在语法动词具体讲）形容词除了放在名词前对其进行修饰外，还可以放在系动词后说明主语的状态。状态系动词（be动词）+形容词Lisaissmart.丽萨很聪明。Lisaistall.丽萨很高。Lisa’shairisbrown.丽萨的头发是棕色。Theyaregoodatplayingchess.丽萨擅长下棋。持续系动词+形容词Healwayskeepssilentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Theshopstaysopentilleighto’clock.商店开到八点。表象系动词+形容词Helookstired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心。感官动词+形容词Thescarffeelsverysoft.这条围巾手感很软。Thisflowersmellsnice.这朵花闻起来很香。变化系动词+形容词Theleavesturngreen.叶子变绿了。Theeggbecomesbigger.鸡蛋变大了。动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make/keep/find…adj.)Robotscanmakehumanslazy.（humans是宾语，lazy作宾补）Whathesaidkeptmecalmerandcalmer.AllofusfindEnglishdifficult.形容词或词组，+句子/句子，+形容词或词组，做状语Hearrivedhome,hungryandcold.数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.the+形容词，表示一类人，:theold老人 theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人※以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。TherichoftenenjoytheirlifeinAmerica.形似副词的形容词—lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly，early,ugly.Sheisverylovelyandfriendly.Mygrandmotherlivesalone,butshe’sneverlonely.以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人exciting-excited,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到满意愉快的形容词的常见句式（1）It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事…”用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-foolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong（2）It’sadj.forsb.todosth.表示“做某事对某人来说…”常用的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting如：It’sdifficulttofinishthistaskbymyself.It’sdangerousforyoutoswimalonehere.【知识讲解2】形容词的比较级形容词比较级的构成规则原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词大多数词后加er或esttallsmalltallersmaller(the)tallest(the)smallest以字母e结尾的词后加r或stnicefinenicerfiner(the)nicest(the)finest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写尾字母，再加er或estslimbigfatslimmerbiggerfatter(the)slimmest(the)biggest(the)fattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，去掉y，再加ier或iestprettyeasyprettiereasier(the)prettiest(the)easiest多音节词和部分双音节词在词的前面加more或mostbeautifulinterestingimportantmore/lessbeautifulmore/lessinterestingmore/lessimportant(the)most/leastbeautiful(the)most/leastinteresting(the)most/leastimportant不规则变化原形比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest★注意区别：farther只表示距离上“更远的”further引申义，指程度上“更进一步的”。elder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例：Theeldersistergaveherlittlesisteranapple.older指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例如：Theoldermaninthephotoismygrandfather.Weworkinanolderbuilding.Yourbagisolderthanmine.【考题精练】写出下列形容词的反义词。little__________ 2.full__________3.few__________ 4.near__________fat__________ 6.long__________7.dry__________ 8.old__________quick__________ 10.smooth__________11.happy__________ 12.early__________new__________ 14.hungry__________15.wrong__________ 16.same__________dark__________ 18.left__________ 19.poor__________20.hard__________easy__________ 22.free__________ 23.dirty__________ 24.large__________tall__________ 26.white__________ 27.cheap__________ 28.light__________单项选择。()1.Don’tcrosstheroad,it’s______.A.nice B.early C.dangerous D.late()2.Whatcolouristhepanda?It’s______.A.red B.black C.white D.blackandwhite()3.Theappletreeisvery______.A.tall B.long C.high D.strong()4.Thecheeseinthebottlesmells______.A.nice B.soft C.white D.hard()5.Jenny’sbellistoo______.A.quite B.quiet C.strong D.tired()6.Thecaris______,butitisverynice.A.new B.big C.old D.cheap()7.--Isyourgrandma______?--Yes,sheis.A.pretty B.long C.handsome D.young()8.Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep______.A.quiet B.quite C.noise D.Noisy()9.Thereare______picturesonthewall.twonewpink B.twopinkandnewC.twopinknew D.twonewandpink()10.Don’tleavenow.Ihave______totellyou.A.nothingimportant B.importantanythingC.somethingimportant D.importantsomething用所给单词的适当形式填空。You’retoo__________(noise)!Bequiet!--HowisJanetoday?--Heisvery__________.--It’sreally__________news.(good)Mikeisan__________boy.(America)Springisa__________season.(beauty)Becareful!Theknifeis__________.(danger)Englishismy__________subject.Ilikeitbest.(favour)Takeanumbrella.Itisa__________day.(rain)写出下列形容词的副词形式。1.unhappy__________ 2.early__________ 3.hard__________ 4.excited__________5.fast__________ 6.careful__________ 7.beautiful__________ 8.usual__________9.sure__________ 10.safe__________ 11.good________ 12.important__________13.busy__________ 14.cheap__________ 15.different__________16.polite__________17.late__________18.possible__________根据答句，填入特殊疑问词。1.A:__________istheboyinblue? B:He’sMike.2.A:__________walletisit? B:It’smine.3.A:__________isthediary? B:It’sunderthechair.4.A:__________istheChristmasDay? B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5.A:____________________aretheearphones? B:Theyare25Yuan.6.A:____________________isthehairdryer? B:It’sblue.7.A:____________________isittoday? B:It’sSunday.8.A:____________________wasityesterday? B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9.A:____________________isitfromhere? B:It’sabouttwokilometersaway.10.A:____________________isyourcousin? B:He’s15yearsold.11.A:____________________doyouhavedinner? B:At6o’clock.12.A:____________________doesyourbrotherswim? B:Twiceaweek.13.A:____________________isthebag? B:It’s2kilograms.14.A:____________________isthedesk? B:It’s3meters.15.A:____________________didyoustayinAmerica?B:Fortwoyears.16.A:____________________willyoucomeback. B:Infiveminutes.在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空，使句子完整、正确。angrybigboringbusyfullcleanuglyexpen