难点11书面表达之语词选用（解析版）-2021年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】（浙江专用）

2021年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（浙江专用）

难点11书面表达之语词选用

【思维路径】

1.思维路径1：替换常用简单词

（1）动词升级

简单词汇高级词汇

say,believe,

figure,holdtheviewthat,assumethat,Iamconvincedthat

think

improvepromote,enhance,strengthen

nevergiveupsticktoit,insistondoing,persistin,adhereto

besupposedtodo,Itiswise/sensible/makessensetodo,nothingcouldbebetter

shouldthan...,It'sworthwhiletodo,deservedoing,finditrewardingandenjoyableto

do...

likehaveapassionfor,befondof,fallinlovewith,haveanaffectionfor

comeapproach,aroundthecomer,up-coming

makeenable,allow

thankappreciate,begratefulto,conveymyheartfelt

helpdosb.afavor,go/cometoone'said,withtheassistanceof,givesb.ahand

usegainaccessto,beaccessibleto

（2）形容词、副词、介词升级

简单词汇高级词汇

moreand

increasinglypopular

morepopular

bigenormous,tremendous

veryextremely,remarkably,overwhelmingly,pretty,perfectly

famousaccomplished,haveahighreputation,distinguished

goodamazing,unbelievable,incredible

baddisgusting,awful,terrible

importantsignificant,vital,essential,fundamental,crucial

allkindsofavarietyof,various,diverse

aboutconcerning,relevant,related

［经典示例］

©Ontheonehand,toomuchpraisemightleadtochildren'slackofenthusiasmtoexplorenewthings,for

theyareafraidtheywon'tmeetparents9expectations.

©Consideringtheenormousbenefits,whichwecanearnsteadilyfromtennispractice,includingpreventing

usfromgettingshortsightedandkeepingphysicallyhealthy,wearelostintrainingcourse.

［佳句赏析］

@Thespecialdayallowspeopletoshowtheirloveandaffectionfor（X寸...表达爱和情感）theirfathers.

②advisable/wise（是明智的）forpeopletousetheircell-phonesmoreapproprietely/properly（更恰当地）.

③Withoutsufficientpreparation（没有充分准备）,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly

andobtainsatisfactorymarks,letalonebeadmittedintoadesirableuniversity（梦想的大学）.

©TracysaidshehadalreadyinformedSusanof（通矢口Susan）thechangeoftheappointment.

⑤PeoplegenerallythoughtitimpossiblefortheChineseteamtowindiechampionshipintheRioOlympic

Games,buttheyovercamemanyhurdles（克月艮许多障不导）andeventuallyworkedmiraclen/wonders（最终成

功）.

©DramaNightisscheduledto（预定）beheldontheeveningofnextFridayinthetheatrehall.

⑦Additionally（止匕夕卜）havingbeenawardedscholarshiptwiceinourschool,Ihaveexcellentacademic

performance（极好的学术成就）.

©Thisphenomenonhasbecomeaconcern/focus（成为焦点）wemustfacetodaybecauseofmanyserious

consequences（许多严重后果）causedbyimproperuseofcell-phones.

2.思维路径2：变化所用词的词性

在作文中，可以通过改变一个词的词性，使文章富有变化，让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的

掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。

（1）名词变动词

Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues.

—Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing.

传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡，这让人们很担忧。

⑵动词变名词

Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhecouldreallydanceverywell.

—Afterwatchinghisperfbnnance,Ifoundhimareallygooddancer.

看了他的表演之后，我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。

⑶形容词变名词

IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhisbeingsokind.

一IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhiskindness.我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。

3.思维路径3：短语富有变化

汉语英语高级短语

努力strugglefbr=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor

从事embarkon=setabout=goinfor

在当代incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage

大量的ahostof=agreatnumberof=alargeamountof

更糟糕的是what'sworse=worsestill=tomakemattersworse

遇见;偶遇meet=runinto=comeacross=meetwith=encounter

依我看inmyopinion=asfarasI'mconcemed=frommypointofview

除了……之外（还有）besides=inadditionto=apartfrom=aswellas=alongwith

一方面，另一方面ononehand,ontheotherhand=fbronething,foranotherthing

高度评价thinkhighlyof=singhighpraisefor=thinkwellof

把……考虑在内take...intoconsideration=take...intoaccount

有资格的;有能力的;胜

befitfbr=beequalto=bequalifiedfbr=becompetentin

任的

参加takepartin/participatein

一些如何……的建议someadvice/tips/suggestionsonhowto...

对……感到紧张feelnervous/anxiousabout

erase/overcome/getover

克服紧张，缓解焦虑

nervousness/relieveanxiety

树立信心，对自己有

buildupconfidence/haveconfidenceinyourselfTbeconfidentaboutyourself

信心

对……有益的benefit=beofgreatbenefit=bebeneficialto

对……有害的;对……harm=doharmto/dodamageto=beharmfulto

有损害的

接触到;有机会使用access=gain/haveaccessto=beaccessibleto

对...（不）方便的beconvenient/inconvenientforsb.todo=bringconvenience/inconveniencetosb.

对……有影响/作用haveaneffect/influence/impacton.../makeadifferencetosb.

［经典示例I

@Forexample,paper-cuttingandChineseknotsareallfeasiblemethodsofintroducingourculture,whichare

alsomoreconvenienttoorganize.

②ThereasonswhyIamqualifiedforthejobareasfollows.

［佳句赏析］

①Frommvpointofview（我认为）,it'stmethatcell-phonesbringuslotsofbenefitsandconvenience,butonly

whenthey5reusedmoreappropriately（恰当地）cantheyserveusbetter.

②Allmyteachersandclassmatessinghi^hpraiseformyarofkiencW高度赞扬我的熟练）inbothChineseand

English.

③Takingall、ourrequirementsintoaccount/consideration（考虑到你的全部要求）、IfirmlybelievePmthe

rightpersonyou'relookingfor.

©Asforaccommodation,IprefertolivewithalocalfamilybecauseIwanttoimprovemyEnglishand

experienceauthenticAmericanculturedoseup（近距离体验真实的美国文化）.

⑤Youareoptimisticaboutlifeandalwayshaveconfidence,whateverdifficultyyoumayencountee（遇见）.

whichhelpsyoustandoutamongtheclassmates.

⑥Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards（随着人们生活水平的改善）,cell-phonesareflooding

intoourlife.

⑦WearesorryforanyinconveniencethatwcfllbrinetoYOU（给您带来的不便）.Thanksforyour

understanding.

©Nowadays,thesmartphoneshavefoundtheirwaytoeveryfamilyandareplayingaveryimportantroleinour

life.Theyarebeneficialtousinmanyways.However,theyalsodoharmt。usmentaHyandphysically（有害于

我们的身心健康）.

⑨Inaddition,seldomdoIhavetimetokeepmyparentscompany,soIdecidetohelpmyparentswithsome

houseworktorelease/ease/lessee/reducetheirpressure（缓角军压力）、whichIthinkisofbenefittoenhancethe

relationshiiK力口强关系）betweenmyfamilymembers.

4.思维路径4：变主动语态为被动语态

考生在写作中习惯使用主动语态，其实，如果不知道动作的执行者、没必要强调执行者或者想要表

达更加客观一些的话，被动语态就是一个很好的选择。例如：

(l)Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.

(爸爸在我过生日的时候给了我一本新书。)

一1wasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)

—*Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)

(2)Andsomeworld-famousplayerswillbeinvitedtogivelessons.

并且会邀请一些世界著名的球员来上课。

(3)Besides,youareexpectedtobringsomenicesmallgifts.除此之外,(大家)会期望你带一些小的美好的礼

物。

【语篇锤炼】

根据所给信息补全短文，并注意高级词汇的使用。(来源：2018•全国卷HI)

DearPeter,

(1)(我非常高兴)tohearfromyou.Youaskedmeinyourlast

letteraboutthephysicalexerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmay(2)(给

你一个粗略的理解).

Tobeginwith,(3)(一座美丽的新体育馆已落成)，

which(4)(已成为新的地标)inourschool.

Moreover,withthestadiumsetup,(5)(各种体育项目)areable

tobeheld,ofwhichping-pong,football(6)(以及)runningcompetitions

(7)(越来越受欢迎).Asforme,(8)(热爱篮

球)sinceithasbeengivingmestrength(9)(去迎接生活中的挑

战).

Allinall,I(10)(诚挚邀请)youtocometoourschoolandsee

fbryourself.

Yours,

LiHua

答案：

(1)Iamexceedinglydelighted

(2)giveyouaroughsketch

(3)afabulousnewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup

(4)hasbecomethenewlandmark

(5)awiderangeofsportsevents

(6)aswellas

(7)enjoygreatpopularity

(8)I'mintoxicatedwithbasketball

(9)toconfrontthechallengesinmylife

(10)sincerelyinvite

【写作实践】

1.假如你是班长李华，你们班在刚刚结束的英语配音比赛(IheEnglishDubbingCompetition)中获得了一等

奖，因你们的配音节目得到了外教Derran的大力帮助，所以请你代表班级，给他写一封感谢信。内容包括:

1.表达感谢；

2.外教的帮助；

3.同学的收获。

注意：1.词数80词左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【答案】

DearDerran,

I'mwriting,onbehalfofmyclass,toexpressoursinceregratitudeforyourgeneroushelpintheEnglish

DubbingCompetition,withoutwhichwecouldn'thavewonthefirstprize.

It'ssoniceofyoutohaveofferedusaclassofdubbingskillsandsuggestionsonhowtobetterour

pronunciation.Underyourprofessionalguidance,theparticipantsgavesuchanimpressiveperformance.Notonly

didweovercomethefearofshowingourselvesinfrontoftheaudienceandgaintremendousconfidence,butalso

deepenedcooperationasateam.Mostimportantly,yourkindhelphasfueledourpassionforEnglishlearning.

Manythanksagainforyourtimeandsupport.

Yours,

LiHua

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表班级给外教Derran写一封感谢信，感谢他的帮助。

【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时，少量现在完成时。

结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：

1.表达感谢；

2.外教的帮助；

3.同学的收获。

第二步:列提纲（重点词组）

onbehalfof,expresssinceregratitude,offerusaclassofdubbingskills,underyourprofessionalguidance,give

suchanimpressiveperformance,gaintremendousconfidence,deepencooperation,mostimportantly,fuelour

passion

第三步：连词成句

1.I'mwriting,onbehalfofmyclass,toexpressoursinceregratitudeforyourgeneroushelpinthe

EnglishDubbingCompetition,withoutwhichwecouldn'thavewonthefirstprize.

2.It'ssoniceofyoutohaveofferedusaclassofdubbingskillsandsuggestionsonhowtobetterour

pronunciation.

3.Underyourprofessionalguidance,theparticipantsgavesuchanimpressiveperformance.

4.Notonlydidweovercomethefearofshowingourselvesinfrontoftheaudienceandgaintremendous

confidence,butalsodeepenedcooperationasateam.

5.Mostimportantly,yourkindhelphasfueledourpassionforEnglishlearning.

根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second...Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast（供参考）

2.表并歹！J补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly...but（also）,

including（供参考）

3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause（从句）,Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheone

hand...,Ontheotherhand...（供参考）

4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult（供参考）

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，

【点睛】

［高分句型1］I'mwriting,onbehalfofmyclass,toexpressoursinceregratitudeforyourgeneroushelpinthe

EnglishDubbingCompetition,withoutwhichwecouldn'thavewonthefirstprize.（使用了介词+关系代词弓I导

的定语从句）

［高分句型2JIt'ssoniceofyoutohaveofferedusaclassofdubbingskillsandsuggestionsonhowtobetterour

pronunciation,（it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语；“疑问词+不定式”作介词宾语）

［高分句型3］

Notonlydidweovercomethefearofshowingourselvesinfrontoftheaudienceandgaintremendousconfidence,

butalsodeepenedcooperationasateam.（使用侄ij装句）

2.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Hannahtightenedherhelmet,aman'svoiceboomedfromthelouder-speakers:''ParticipantsintheFive-Mile

JuniorFat-tireRace.Pleasegatherbehindtheorangeflags."

Herheartwasfilledwithexcitement.Firstprizewasamountainbike.Onabikelikethat,she'dflythrough

thewoods.

"Three,two,one,go!'*

Thelead-dul（引路人）madeturnontosectionofsingletracked、道）andgatheredspeed,girlwithredhair

rolledinbehindhim.Thelead-outspedupagain.Hannahsloweddownforthehill,followingclosebehindthe

red-hairedgirl,butIhegirlwasgainingspeed.

Hannahspedupandpedaled（骑行）thedownhillsection.Still,thered-haired-girlbikedfaster.Theycrossed

woodenbridge.Thelead-outandthegirldisappearedbehindathickstandoftrees.WhenHannahglancedover

hershoulder,shesawnobodybehindher.

Hannahwatchedfortheorangearrows（箭头）markingthecourseandbikedthroughthemuddyfields."The

girlmightstillgettired,"shethought.ThenHannahsawher.Attheedgeoftheforest,thegirlwasbendingher

kneesbyherbike,thelead-outnexttoher.Thegirlmusthavegottenaflat.Hannahbikedfaster.Shedidn'tslow

downthehillbutpedaledharder.Shewipedthesweatfromhereyes,breathless.Thelead-outnoticedherand

jumpedonhisbike.Hannahwascloseenoughnowtoseethegirlputtingthechainonthechainring

Hannahfeltenergyflowingthroughherasshefollowedthelead-outpastthegirlintothewoods.Maybeshe

couldwin.

Inthemiddleofasmallgrassland,Hannahlookedback.Thegirlwascomingupbehindheratcrazyspeed.

Hannahreachedfork（岔路）inthetrail.Thelead-out-wasnowhereinsight,butonherleftwasthesignwiththe

orangearrow.Whensheturned,herfootslippedoffthepedal,andsheaccidentallykickedthesignover

注意：

1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；

2.应使用至少5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好：

4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph1:

“Ineedtostopandfixthesign,ortheotherracermightgetlost."Shethought.

Paragraph2:

Lookingattheshiningmountainbike,Hannahfeltlikecrying

【答案】

Paragraph1:

“Ineedtostopandfixthesign,ortheotherracermightgetlost."Shethought.Butevenasshewasthinking

likethis,herfeetkeptmovingfasterandfaster.Shepedaledtotheend.Asshepassedthefinishline,themanon

theloudspeakersannounced:"HannahAnderson,winneroftheFive-MileJuniorFat-TireRace!”Shewontherace

andgotamountainbiku.

Paragraph2:

Lookingattheshiningmountainbike,Hannahfeltlikecrying."Hey!"Hannahturnedandsawagirljumping

offherbike."Goodjob,“IhegirlsaidtoHannah."IthoughtIalmosthadyou,butImusthavemissedatrail

marker.”"Youwouldhavewonifithadn'tbeenfbryourbikechainandgettinglost,“Hannahmumbled.Thegirl

wassmiling."No,it'sallpartofracing.Youwonfairandsquare.”"Iwantyoutohavethebike.Iaccidently

kickedthesignover."Hannahsaidsoftly.Thegirlwasquiet."Iwantyoutohavethebike,^^Asshehandedover

thebiketotheshockedgirl,Hannahfeltthelumpinherthroatdisappear.

【分析】

本文以事件发展为线索展开。讲述了Hannah参加自行车比赛，不小心踢到了自行车路线标志而导致其他

运动员找不到路，但Hannah最后认识到了错误并把奖励让给第二名的故事。

【详解】

1.段落续写：

①由第一段内容“我得停下来，把路标修好，否则其他车手可能会迷路。”可知第一段描写她想修好路标，

以防其他运动员找不到路，但是根据下文内容可知，她没有修好路标，直接继续比赛获得了第一名。

②由第二段内容“看着闪闪发光的山地车，Hannah想哭。”可知本段应该描写她获得第一名但是心怀愧疚的

心情，在第二名那个女孩过来之后她说出了骑行过程中发生的事情，她觉得自己扇得不够光彩，所以她决

定把奖励“山地自行车”让给第二名，心情就没有那么压抑想哭了。

2.续写线索：Hannah发现路标坏了——Hannah想停下来修理路标却没停——Hannah赢得比赛却心怀愧疚

——Hannah与那个女孩交谈说出了比赛过程中发生的事情并让出奖励。

3.词汇激活

行为类

①行进：come/pedal/bike/go/keepmoving

②修理：fix/repair

③输赢：win/getthefirstprize/have/lose/faiI

情绪类

①惊讶：surprised/shock/unexcept

②羞愧：shame/ashamed/shameful/pity

【点睛】

[高分句型1].Asshepassedthefinishline,themanontheloudspeakersannounced（由as引导时间状语从句）

[高分句型2].Youwouldhavewonifithadn'tbeenforyourbikechainandgettinglost.（由if引导条件状语从

句）

3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Exercisingisafreetimeactivitythathelpspeopletofeelgoodinmanyaspectsofthehealthdefinition.

Thebestknownpartthatexercisingimprovesisthephysicalpart.Thephysicaleffectofexercisingisthat

everypartandsystemofourbodyisincontinuousmovement.Therearemanypartsinourbodythatbenefitfrom

exercise,butoneofthemostimportantpartsthatexercisinghelpsisthebloodcirculationsystem.Forexample,

whenyouexercise,musclesmove,andtomove,musclesneedoxygenintheblood,sothehearthastopump

bloodatafasterspeedtokeepthemusclesmoving.Thistrainsyourheartandlungsgivingyoumorestrengthfor

thefuture.

Anotherpartofthedefinitionofhealthismentalhealth.Thisisoneoftheaspectsthatmakespeopleexercise.

Exercisedistractsandrelaxesyouforawhilebecauseinyourexercise,youaregettingridofmanyfeelings,such

asstress.Manypeoplefeelthatafterexercising,alltheproblemsandpressuresoftheirlifestyledisappearorat

leastareforgottenforawhile.Whileexercisingproblemsofourlivescanbesolvedbecauseyouarecalmand

relaxed,anditsjustmucheasiertothinkclearly.

Thesocialaspectofhealthishelpedwithexercisebecausemanyofthesportsareandcanbemadewith

someoneelse.Thismakesstrongerrelationshipsbecauseyoumeetpeoplethatlikeyouandsharethesamethings.

Ithinkthatthismakesyoufeelmoresecureandlearnabouthumanrelationships.

Exercisingisanactivitythattouchesthethreeaspectsofhealth.Byexercisingyoucouldimprovethe

functioningofyourbody,becalminyourmind,andmeetnewpeoplewhichmakeahealthierlife.Allinall,

exercisingenablesyoutogetthesatisfactionofdoingsomethingthathelpsyoutoliveahealthylife.Thisidea

causesmanypeopletothinkofexerciseasadrug.Youshouldtryit.Exercise,andbehealthy.

【答案】

Exercisingishelpfulinmanyaspectsofpeople'shealth（要点一）.First,itimprovesourphysicalhealth,

especiallyourbloodcirculationsystem（要点二）.Italsodoesgreatgoodtopeople'smentalhealth,withmany

negativefeelingsreleased（要点三）.Besides,exercisingcanstrengthenpeople'ssocialrelationshipsby

exercisingwiththosehavingthesameinterests.Inaword,exercisingbenefitsusphysically,me