高级英语课程教案第一册

TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

TeachingAims1.ImprovingReadingSkills-•一understandingscientificreadings

2.EnrichingVocabulary-enlargingvocabulary

cultivatingstudents9senseofwordbuilding

understandingthatsynonymshavefineshades

3.ImprovingWritingskills--makingeffectiveuseofspecificverbs

discussingthesolutiontoenvironmental

problemsfromapolitician'spointofview,

thatis,relatingthesolutionto

environmentaldestructiontothesolutionto

armraces

Vocabulary1hour

TextAnalysis4hours

Teaching

ActivitiesDiscussion3hours

Practice2hours

I,Warmingup

II.IntroductiontoAdditionalBackgroundKnowledge

III.TextAnalysis

1.IntroductiontothePassage

Teaching

2.EffectiveWritingSkills

Process

3.RhetoricalDevices

4.SpecialDifficulties

IV.Questions

AssignmentWriteashortcompositionon:Wemustprotectourecologicalsystem.

1.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish

2.AHandbookofWriting

3.EnglishRhetoric&Writing

Reference

4.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish

Books

5.《英语修辞大全》

6.AGuidetoAdvancedEnglish

7.BritanniaEncyclopedia

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TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

Warming-upActivities

Douyouthinktheenvironmentisfacingsomethreats?Ifyes,whatarethethreats?

Haveyoueverthoughtofprotectingourecologicalsystem?Anygodproposals?

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■一册

s

TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

AdditionalBackgroundInformation

AlGoreBornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.Senator(1984-1992)fromthe

StateofTennessee,andtheU.S.Vice-President(1992-2000under

PresidentBillClinton.HEistheauthorofthebookEarthinthe

Balancefromwhichthispieceistaken.

ClearAirActOneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.,aswellasthemost

far-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.Itwaspassed

in1970.

OzonedepletionAlayerofozoneinthestratospherepreventsmostultravioletand

otherhigh-energyradiation,whichisharmfultolife,from

penetratingtotheearth'ssurface.Someenvironmentalscientistsfear

thatcertainman-madepollutants,e.g.nitricoxide,CFCs

(Chlorofluorocarbons),etc.,mayinterferewiththedelicatebalance

ofreactionsthatmaintainstheozone'sconcentration,possibly

leadingtoadrasticdepletionofstratosphericozone.Thisisnow

happeninginthestratosphereabovethepolarregions.

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高或英语课程教案第T1

TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

TeachingActivities(Vocabulary)

Inenrichingstudents9vocabulary,focusesaretobeonthefollowingaspects:

SpellingandPronunciation

Synonyms

Opposites

Similarwordsandexpressions

Cultivatestudents5sensitivenesstoworld-building

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A*

TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

TeachingActivities(Discussion)

Specialdifficulties1.analyzingthestructureofsomelongandcomplicatedsentences

2.understandingthescientificmattersconnectedwithecological

environment

3.translatinglongandcomplicatedsentences

4.masteringtherulesofwordformation

5.paraphrasingsomesentences

1.Howhashumancivilizationnowbecomethedominantcauseof

changeintheglobalenvironment?

Questions2.Whatchangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentastrategic

threattohumancivilization?Howshouldwefacethischallenge

andsolvetheproblem?

3.Whatsolutionsdoesthewriterputforwardtoourecological

problems?

4.Whatarethetwokeyfactorsthatdefinethephysicalrealityof

ourrelationshiptotheearth?Whatdramaticchangeshave

occurredinthesetwokeyfactors?

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ft藏谙腮教案第T

TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

TeachingActivities(TextAnalysis1)

1.Typeofliterature:apieceofexposition

2.Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:-toinformor

explain

Introductiontothe3.Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:•--

Passagecomparison,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,

analysis,definition,etc.

4.Thecentralthoughtorthesis

1.understatement:Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,or

overstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizinga

RhetoricalDevicesfactbydeliberatelyunderstatingit,impressingthe

listenorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimplied

orleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.

2.metaphor

1.makingeffectiveuseofspecificverbs

EffectiveWritingSkills2.discussingthesolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsfroma

politician'spointofview,thatis,relatingthesolutionto

environmentaldestructiontothesolutiontoarmraces

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TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社

TitleUnit3ShipsintheDesert

TeachingActivities(TextAnalysis2EnglishVersion)

1.1wasstanding...onagoodday

1)inthesun:inthesunlight,asopposedtointheshade

2)capableof:havingtheabilityof

3)toprocess:topreparebyaspecialmethod

4)catch:theamountcaught

5)onagoodday:goodheremeanssatisfying

6)capableofprocessingafifty-toncatchonagoodday:havingtheabilityof

cleaningandpreparingformarketingorcanning50tonsoffishcaughtona

productiveday

2.Butitwasn'tagoodday.ItreferstothedayIwasthere.

3.theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak

1)bleak:notpromisingorhopeful

2)itwasnotatallpossibletohaveagoodCatch,tocatchalargeamountoffish

3)Thisisobviouslyanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewas

nochanceofcatchingfish,tosaynothingofcatchingalotoffish.

4.Wherethereshouldhavebeentherewas...

1)Payattentiontothestructure.Theimplicationisthatoncethereweregentle

waveslappingagainstthesideoftheshipbuttherewerenonenow.Instead,in

theplaceofthewavestherewerestretchesofsand.

2)lap:tostrikegentlywithalight,splashingsound

3)inalldirection:everywhere

5.Theotherships...tothehorizon

1)Howcouldtheothershipsbeatrestinthesand?

Theothershipswerealsoanchoredintheoriginalcoastbutnowwaterhad

turnedintosandthereforetheyweresurroundedbysandandcouldnot

move.

2)dune:aroundedhillorridgeofsandheapedupbytheactionofthewind

3)thatstretched...tothehorizon:thatextendedasfarastheeyecouldsee;that

extendedtothefaroffplacewheretheskymeetstheearth

6.WhyistheAraldisappearing?

Itisbecomingsmallerandsmallerbecausethewaterthatusedtoflowintothe

seahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.

Theschemewasanill-conceivedonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsideration

theecologicaleffect.

7.Myresearchfor...destruction

1)Whydidhetravelaroundtheworld?

Hetraveledaroundtheworldbecausehewantedtosee,checkandstudy

casesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindthe

environmentalcrisis.

2)image:typicalexample

8.AttheveryBottom...throughtime

1)attheverybottomoftheearth:thesouthernendoftheearth'saxis;Bottom

heremeansfarthestend

2)highinthe...Mountains:atahighplaceinthemountainchain

3)Whydidtheauthorsaythesunglaredthroughaholeinthesky?Wherecomes

thehole?

Itreferstoozonedepletion.

4)unbelievablecoldness:socoldthatyoucannotimagine

5)thetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime:hewasdrillingtogetsamplesfrom

theglacier,thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;inother

words,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethe

deeperpartoftheglaciertellsofsituationofamuchremoteperiod

9.Slippinghisparkaback...wewerestanding

1)parka:派克大衣,ahoodedfurjacketwornasanoutergarmentbyEskimos

2)abadlyburnedface:causedbyoverexposuretodirectsunlight,

3)crackedandpeeling:notetheuseofpastparticipleandpresentparticiple;on

thefacetherewerelinesthatweresplit,openandpiecesofskinwere

comingdown

10.Hemovedhisfinger...ago

Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercameto

theplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.

11.AttheBottom...onearth

1)twocontinentsaway:thetwocontinentsrefertoSouth

AmericaandAntartica

2)emissionheremeanstheamountofpollutantsdischarged

3)leastaccessibleplaceonearth:theplacewhichismostdifficulttogettoin

theworld

12.Butthemostsignificant...eversince

1)thusfar:uptothistime

2)pickupspeed:developinanacceleratedspeed;becomefaster

3)eversince:fromthenuntilnow

13.Industrymeant...warmtheearth

1)industrymeantcoal:thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflarge

amountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower

2)it:standingforcoalandlateroil

3)risinglevel:theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrew

4)withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphere:heatcannoteasilyget

throughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplays

theroleofacover,keepingtheheatneartheearth

5)thepartafterthe"dash"servesasanadverbialofresult

14.upwindfromtheicerunway...thatinexorablechange

1)upwind:inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblows顶

风「

2)icerunway:runwayisastripofpavedgroundforusebyairplanesintaking

offandlanding,andhereintheSouthPoletherunwayisastripofice

ground

3)skiplane:anairplanewithskisinsteadofwheelsforlandingandtakingoffin

thesnow

4)Whyaretheenginesoftheplanekeptrunning?

Becausethepilotfearsthatifhestopstheengines,themetalpartswouldbe

frozensolidandtheengineswouldnotbeabletostartagain.

5)monitor:towatchorcheckon(athing)

6)tochartthecourse:toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemap

7)inexorable:thatcannotbealtered,checked

15.Twoandahalf...ArcticOcean

1)attheotherendofourplanet:AntarticasoneendandArcticastheother

end

2)pitch:setup;erect

3)slab:apiecethatisflat,broadandfairlythick

4)frigid:extremelycold

16.Afteraheartybreakfast...inthewaterbelow

1)aheartybreakfast:asatisfyingandrichbreakfast

2)snowmobile:akindofmotorvehiclefbrtravelingoversnow,usuallywith

steerablerunnersatthefrontandtractortreadsattherear

3)rendezvouspoint:theplacewhereasubmarinewastopickthemup

4)hover:towaitcloseby,esp.inanoverprotective,insistentoranxiousway

17.Afteritcrashed..,ofglobalwarming

1)afteritcrashedthroughtheice:afterthesubmarinebrokethroughtheice

withforceandsmashingnoiseandsurfaced

2)tookonitsnewpassengers:pickeduptheauthorandhiscompanions

3)resubmerged:wentdownunderthewateragain

18.tosecurethereleaseofpreviouslytopsecretdata:toensurethemakingpublicof

datawhichwereoriginallyclassifiedastopsecret

19.andthenIwasstanding...sheetscollide

1)eerily:mysteriouslyoruncannily,esp.insuchawayastofrightenordisturb

2)windswept:sweptbyorexposedtowinds

3)withthehorizondefinedbylittlehummocks:withthestretchoficefield

characterizedbysmallridges

4)Howarethesehummocksformed?

Whenseparatelayersofice,broadinextent,strikeviolentlyagainsteach

other,iceispushedupintoridgesbytheforceofthecollision.

20.Asthepolarair...couldbedisastrous

1)polarcap:thepolarregionofice

2)tothin:tomakeorbecomethinorthinner

3)couldbe:notetheuseofmodalverb.Here"couldbenindicatespossibility.

21.Consideringsuchscenarios...exercise

1)scenario:anoutlinefbranyproposedorplannedseriesofevents,realor

imagined

2)Thinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthe

thinningofthepolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture(speculation),

ithasgotpracticalvalue.

22.Sixmonths...lastdecade

1)thepatternoficedistribution:theregularwayiceisdistributed

-2)astillcontroversialclaim:astatementwhichsomescientistsstilldonot

completelyaccept

3)whichavarietyofdatanowsuggest:datacomingfromdifferentsources

pointtothisconclusion

4)overall:ingeneral

23.Moreover...steadilyrising

1)establish:causetobeacceptedorrecognized

2)ArcticCircle:animaginarycircleparalleltotheequator,6633'northofit

3)tundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregions

24.wherebillowingclouds...rainforest

t)billowing:largeswellingmassof

2)Wheredothebillowingcloudsofsmokecomefrom?

Theycomefromtheburningoftherainforest.

3)theimmensebutnowthreatenedAmazonrainforest

Whatismeantby"nowthreatened”？

Itmeanstheexistenceoftherainforestisnowindangerasaresultof

large-scaledestruction.

25.Acrebyacre...beef

1)Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturned

intopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeef

canbeusedinhamburgers.

2)Payattentiontotheconnotationofthetwo"fasts"infastpastureandfast

food.Withthatcomesthe"fast"disappearanceoftherainforest.

26.withmorethan...eachyear

1)worth:equalinareaorsize

2)slash:cutwithasweepingstroke

3)theareaofrainforestburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateof

Tennessee

27.whichmeans...evenheard

Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsno

longerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetosee

willbecomeextinct.

28.Images...anywhere

Typicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworld

canbefoundalmostanywhere.

29.Onsomenights...nowinprogress

1)inhighnorthernlatitudes:在北纬高纬度地区

2)theskyitselfoffersanotherghostlyimage:theskyalonepresentsanother

exampleofillomenshowingthereisecologicalimbalanceandthiskindof

imbalanceisdeveloping

30.andif...altogether

blotout:hideentirely;obscure

31.This"noctilucentcloud"...unnatural

1)noctilucent:designatingorofaluminouscloudvisibleatnightinthepolar

regionsatanaltitudeofc.50miles2)tocloak:toconceal,hide

3)toshimmer:toshinewithanunsteadylight

4)translucent:partiallytransparent

32.becauseof...intheatmosphere

1)methane:

2)becausetherehasbeenabigincreaseofmethanegasintheatmosphere

33.Wheredoesmethanegascomefrom?

1)release:letgo;emit

2)landfill:thedisposalofgarbageorrubbishbyburyingitunderashallow

layerofground

3)termite:

4)swarm:tomoveinlargenumbers

5)biomass:the:totalmassoramountoflivingorganisminparticularareaor

volume生物量

34.Whatshouldwefeel...thesky?

Whatshouldourattitudebetowardtheseterriblesignsofecologicalimbalances

inthesky?

35.Simplewonder...thezoo?

Shoulditonlybeafeelingofsurpriseandadmirationoracombinationof

differentfeelingsweexperienceinthezoo?

36.justasmen...withextinction:menarekillingsuchlargenumberofelephantsfor

theirtusksthatthespecieswillsoonextinguish

37.weareripping...darkness:weareusing.anddestroyingresourcesinsuchvolume

thatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness

38.changingthechemistry...atmosphere:changingthechemicalcompositionof

atmosphereinhighaltitude

39.withouteven..,spectrallight

1)startle:toalarmsuddenlyorunexpectedly

2)glisten:toshineorsparklewithreflectedlight,asawetorpolishedsurface

3)spectral:likeaghost,ghostly

40.Orhave...andtheearth?

1)Orhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectriclightsthatwefailto

understandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds,thatitisaglaring

signoftheviolentclashbetweenhumanactivityandnature?

2)adjust(to):tochangesoastofit,conform

3)see:understand

4)forwhattheyare:intheirreallight;therealnatureof

41.whether...ofwaste:whetheritisthefactthatrecentlytherearemorehotdays

whenthetemperatureisover100degreesF,orthefactthatthesunburnsour

skinmorequicklyinrecenttimes,orthefactthatthedebateoverthewayof

disposingofthegrowingamountofwastemattercomesupmorefrequently

42.Butourresponse...puzzling:butourreactiontothesesignalsissobafflingthatit

isdifficulttounderstand

43.Whyhaven't...environment?:Whyhaven'twestartedalarge-scalemovementto

saveourenvironment?

44.tocomeatthequestionanotherway:toapproachthequestioninadifferentway;

toputthequestiondifferently

45.Whydo...effectively?:Whydosomesymbolssoalarmusthatweimmediately

takeactionandconcentrateonwaysofdealingwiththemeffectively?

46.Andwhydo...distraction?

1)equallydramatic:asstrikingas(theotherimages)

2)paralysis:partialorcompleteloss;inabilitytoact

3)convenientdistraction:handyandeasytogetdiversion

4)Andwhydoothersymbols,thoughsometimesnolessstriking,onlycausea

kindoflossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotontheways

todealwiththembutinstead,onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasyto

getandlesspainful?

47.itmaybe...appropriately:itmay1beusefultoarrangethemintodifferentgroups,

thusgettingourthoughtsandfeelingsstraightenedoutsothatwewillbeableto

takethemostsuitableaction

48.Auseful...place

theater:sceneofoperation

49.Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict?

Onlystrugglethatwillendangeranation'sexistenceandmustbeviewed

againstthebackgroundoftheworldwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict.

50.Environmentalthreats...way

Whatisthemeaningofninthesameway”?

Inthesamewaymeansinthewayofdividingthethreatsintothreecategories.

51.Forexample...innature

illegalwastedumping:referringtothedisposalofwasteinawaythatviolates

thelaw

52.Problemslike..,regional

1)acidrain:rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfur

dioxide,nitrogenoxide,etc,emittedduringthecombustionoffossilfuels;it

hasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquaticlife,buildings,etc.

2)aquifer:anunderground.layerofporousrock,sand,etc.containingwater,

intowhichwellscanbesunk

3)largeoilspill:large-scaleleakingofoilfromoiltanker

53.Inboth...notatstake

1)thepatternappearstobeglobal:itseemsthattheproblemhasacquireda

globalnaturesincesomanysimilarthingsoccuratthesametimeallover

theworld

2)Whyaren'ttheproblemsregardedasstrategic?

Becausetheworkingofworldenvironmentasawholehasnotbeen

affectedandtheexistenceofmankindhasnotbeenendangered.

54.The600percent...thesky

1)chlorofluorocarbons:CFC

2)notjustresponsible:notjustinthosecountrieswhicharemainly

responsiblefortheproductionofCFCs

55.Theincreasedlevel...totheirsurvival

1)Theincreaseoftheamountofchlorinedisturbstheusualwayofhandling

andcontrollingtheamountofultravioletradiationtheearthreceives

2)tothepoint:tosuchadegree

56.Theconcentration...intheatmosphere

Asaresultoftheincreaseofthoseparticlesthatcantakeinheat,lessheatis

releasedintothehighaltitudeandmoreheatiskeptintheatmospherethaninthe

past.Thiswillmaketheclimateoftheworldwarmer.

57.Thisincreaseinheat...humansociety

1)equilibrium:astateofbalancebetweenopposingforces

2)pattern:aregular,mainlyunvaryingwayofmovement

3)inturn:inpropersequenceorsuccession

58.tomentionjustoneexample...forfood

1)inprehistorictimes:inperiodsbeforerecordedhistory

2)intheirsearchforfood:whentheyweretryingtohuntanimalsfbrfood

59.Andinourowntime...inthecountryside

1)reshape:togivenewshapeorformto

2)concreteinourcities:referringtopavedroads,bridges,buildings

3)carefullytended:carefullytakencareof

60.Butthesechanges...ecologicalsystem

Althoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingplaceeverywherein

theworldtheyhave,untilrecently,beenrelativelyinsignificantintheir

influenceontheecologicalsystemoftheworld.

61.Indeed…environment

1)assume:totakeforgranted;tosuppose(something)as

fact

2)lastingeffect:enduringeffect;effectwhichlastsalongtime

62.Butitisprecisely...environment

Whatweshouldgetridofisexactlythatkindofviewwhichhasbeentakenfor

granted.Onlywhenwehavedroppedsuchaviewcanwethinkinalongterm,

overallwayaboutourrelaionshiptotheenvironment.

63.Yetweresist...mountains

1)thistruth:referringtothedominantcauseofchangeintheprevioussentence

2)weresistthistruth:werefusetoacceptthistruefact;werefusetofacethis

realfact

3)findithardtoimagine:itisverydifficult(fbrus)tothink

4)oureffect...mountains:thatweshouldtreatoureffectontheearththesame

asthemoon*sgravitationalpullontheoceansorthewind*seffectonthe

mountainsandmeasureoureffectinthesamewayaswemeasuretheeffect

ofnaturalforces

64.surely...restraint:ofcoursewemustrecognizethatwehavetheresponsibilityto

usethenewlyacquiredcapabilityinaprudentwayandwithproperrestraint

65.Sofar...naturalsystems:Uptillnow,weseemtobeunawareofthefactthatthe

earth'snaturalsystemsareverydelicateandcaneasilybedisrupted.

66.thatdefinetotheearth:thatdeterminethe.actualstateofourrelationshipwith

nature

67.asuddenandstartling...makesuptheearth

!)asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation:asuddenbigandshocking

increasein*theworld*spopulation

2)withtheaddition...everytenyears:everytenyearsthenewly-added

populationwillequalthepopulationofChina;everytenyears,onemore

China'spopulationwillbeaddedtothepopulationoftheworld

3)worth:equalinsizeornumber

4)asuddenacceleration...revolution:thescientificandtechnologicalrevolution

suddenlydevelopsmorerapidly

5)whichhasallowed...theworldaroundus:whichhasincreasedourpowerto

influencetheworldaroundustosuchadegreethatcanhardlybeconceived

6)physicalmatter:materialsubstance

68.when