吉林省伊通满族自治县第三中学校高中英语选修七Unit3UndertheseaGrammar

Unit3Grammar

Revise

thePassiveVoiceof

—ingFormHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,theWorldTradeCentercollapsed.HaveALk1.Whatwearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.2.Thesilenceofthelibrarywasbrokenonlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.3.BeingwatchedbyhisEnglishteacher,littleTomfeltnervous,notknowingwhattosay.4.Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?5.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat...据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuawasaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober,1989．V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing形式语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone

当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。

动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语。动词-ing形式的被动语态1.

Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.2.Beinghelpedoutbythekillerwhales,thewhalerswereabletomakesuccessfulkill.用作主语Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.2.Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.

3.Ididn’tliketheideaofbeingthrownaboutinaboatonaroughsea.

用作宾语V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。★Thebirdescaped______________(catch).★Hewasafraidof_______________(abandon)byus.beingabandonedbeingcaught在

avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。注意Theproblembeingdiscussed

nowisveryimportant.2.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibraryuponitscompletion.用作定语1.Beingaskedtoanswerthequestion,shecouldn’trefuse.2.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howwouldyounotvalueitatall?用作状语—Ving一般时和一般时的被动形式;(1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.(2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.CompareI—Ving的完成时和完成时的被动形式(1)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.(2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.CompareII

在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。

Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.

会议结束后,我们都离开房间开车走了。

Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.

由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

Theheavyfrostcomingon,deadleaveslaythickontheground.

浓霜降临,落叶满地。一些动词如need,want,require等作“需要”讲时,其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：注意

Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.

黑板需要擦干净。

Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.

那个破窗户需要修理。另外注意beworth及beworthy的用法：

Theproblemisworthdiscussing.

Theproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed.

Theproblemisworthytobediscussed.

以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。1.WhatmadeBillsoangry?______.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited课堂练兵

2.Thebuilding____inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt

3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed______.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch

4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp______intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching

6._________thewholestory,Janedecidednottoseethefilm.A.Havingbeentold

B.HavingtoldC.Beentold

D.Telling

7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis______DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled8.Doyoumind_______aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft

9.________abroadforatourisagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikeme.A.TakenB.TakingC.HavingbeentakenD.Beingtaken10.Ihearthey’veinvitedLucy,butshedidn’tmention_________whenwetalkedonthephone.A.toinviteB.havingbeeninvitedC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited11.Bencan’tattendtheparty_______atLily’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingfortomorrow’stest.A.holdB.toholdC.tobeheldD.beingheld12._______,theenemytroopswereforcedtogivein.A.BeingsurroundedB.TosurroundC.TobesurroundedD.Havingsurrounded13.Theappointment_____becauseofthesnowstorm,MissGreenhadtostayathome.A.cancelingB.beingcanceledC.havingbeencanceledD.tobecanceled14.Afterthemanbecameconscious,heremembered_______andhitonthe

headwithsomethinghard.A.toattackB.havingbeenattackedC.attackingD.tobeattacked

—Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?—Yes,Ihave.Iguessit______now.(2007辽宁卷)A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading实战高考2.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.(2008江西卷)A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted3.______aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(2008陕西卷)A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow4.Istillremember

________

totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(2009陕西卷)A.totake

B.

tobetaken